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Long-term moni.ori.g of cycles i. Clethri.nomys ruti.us i. the Yukon boreal forest

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i.tegrati.e Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： charles J.KREBS Ali.e J.KENNEY B.Scott Gi.BERT Rudy BOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Bi.logi.al Sci.nces University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseli.e studi.s of small rodent populati.ns i. undi.turbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-i.ori.g and experi.entati.n i. Yukon of a domi.ant rodent speci.s i. the North Ameri.an boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethri.nomys *** voles breed i. summer,wei.h 20–25 g,and reach a maxi.um densi.y of 20 to 25 per *** populati.ns have shown consi.tent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years wi.h the only change bei.g that peak densi.i.s averaged 8/ha unti. 2000 and 18/ha si.ce that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and wi.ter weather,and for 1-year soci.l i.teracti.ns,to esti.ate thei. contri.uti.n to changes i. the rate of summer i.crease and the rate of overwi.ter *** these potenti.l li.i.i.g factors could contri.ute to changes i. densi.y,and we measured thei. relati.e contri.uti.ns stati.ti.ally wi.h multi.le *** rate of wi.ter decli.e i. densi.y was related to both food supply and wi.ter *** rate of summer i.crease was related to summer berry crops and whi.e spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers was related to wi.ter or summer changes i. vole *** was a large si.nal of cli.ate change effects i. these *** i. no densi.y dependence i. summer populati.n growth and only a weak one i. wi.ter populati.n *** of our results provi.e a clear understandi.g of what generates 3–4-year cycles i. these voles,and the major mi.si.g pi.ce may be an understandi.g of soci.l i.teracti.ns at hi.h densi.y.

关键词： boreal forest cli.ate change densi.y dependence populati.n cycles predati.n wi.ter severi.y

Compli.ati.n rates after di.ect anteri.r vs posteri.r approach for hi. hemi.rthroplasty i. elderly i.di.i.uals wi.h femoral neck fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedi.s 2024年第1期15卷 22-29页

作者： Tati.na charles Ni.olas Bloemers Bi.al Kapanci.Marc Jayankura Department of Orthopedi. Surgery and Traumatology HUB-Hospital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium

BACKGROUND Di.locati.n rates after hemi.rthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.Thi. seri.us compli.ati.n i. associ.ted wi.h i.creased morbi.i.y and mortali.y *** to thi. surgery are sti.l debated,wi.h no consensus regardi.g the superi.ri.y of any si.gle *** To compare early postoperati.e compli.ati.ns after i.plementi.g the di.ect anteri.r and posteri.r approaches(PL)for hi. hemi.rthroplasty after femoral neck *** Thi. i. a comparati.e,retrospecti.e,si.gle-center cohort study conducted at a uni.ersi.y *** March 2008 and December 2018,273 pati.nts(a total of 280 hi.s)underwent bi.olar hemi.rthroplasti.s(n=280)for di.placed femoral neck fractures usi.g ei.her the PL(n=171)or the mi.i.ally i.vasi.e di.ect anteri.r approach(DAA)(n=109).The choi.e of approach was related to the surgeons’practi.es;the i.plant types were si.i.ar and unrelated to the *** rates and other compli.ati.ns were revi.wed after a mi.i.um followup of 6 *** Both treatment groups had si.i.arly aged pati.nts(mean age:82 years),sex rati.s,pati.nt body mass i.dexes,and pati.nt *** data(surgery delay ti.e,operati.e ti.e,and blood loss volume)di. not di.fer si.ni.i.antly between the *** 30 d mortali.y rate was hi.her i. the PL group(9.9%)than i. the DAA group(3.7%),but the di.ference was not stati.ti.ally si.ni.i.ant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survi.ors,a si.ni.i.antly hi.her rate of di.locati.n was observed i. the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than i. the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 pati.nts wi.h di.locati.n,8 underwent revi.i.n surgery for recurrent i.stabi.i.y(posteri.r group),and one of them had 2 addi.i.nal procedures due to a deep *** rate of other compli.ati.ns(e.g.,peri.perati.e and early postoperati.e peri.rostheti. fractures and i.fecti.n-related compli.ati.ns)di. not di.fer si.ni.i.antly between the *** These fi.di.gs suggest that the DAA to bi.olar hemi.rthroplasty f

关键词： Hemi.rthroplasty Femoral neck fracture Di.ect anteri.r approach Posteri.r approach Di.locati.n Mortali.y

Standardi.ati.n i. needed i. reporti.g ri.k and outcomes of machi.e perfusi.n i. li.er transplantati.n

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Hepatobi.i.ry Surgery and Nutri.i.n 2024年第4期13卷 709-714页

作者： Chase J.Wehrle charles Mi.ler Koji.Hashi.oto Andrea Schlegel Transplantati.n Center Department of SurgeryDigestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of i.munology Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

We congratulate Yamamoto et *** thei. study“i.pact of Portable Normothermi. Machi.e Perfusi.n for Li.er Transplantati.n from Adult Deceased Donors”(1).The surge of i.terest i. normothermi. machi.e perfusi.n(NMP)i. the Uni.ed States(US)has generated consi.erable *** authors present generally exci.i.g results from thei. si.gle-center analysi. of 541 li.er *** these,469 were from donors after brai. dead(DBD);58(12.4%)recei.ed NMP and 411 stati. cold storage(SCS,87.6%).Seventy-two transplants were from donors after ci.culatory death(DCD);52(72.2%)recei.ed NMP(devi.e-to-donor)vs.20 SCS(27.8%).

关键词： Li.er transplantati.n machi.e perfusi.n normothermi. machi.e perfusi.n(NMP) transplantati.n vi.bi.i.y assessment

A Modi.i.d Transi.i.nal Korteweg-De Vri.s Equati.n: Posed i. the Quarter Plane

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Journal of Appli.d Mathemati.s and Physi.s 2024年第7期12卷 2691-2701页

作者： charles Bu Department of Mathemati.s Wellesley College Wellesley MA USA

Thi. paper i. concerned wi.h a modi.i.d transi.i.nal Korteweg-de Vri.s equati.n ut+f(t)u2ux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+wi.h i.i.i.l value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and i.homogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈C2([ 0,∞ )). Under the condi.i.ns ei.her 1) f(t)≤0, f′(t)≥0or 2) f(t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the exi.tence of a uni.ue global classi.al soluti.n.

关键词： Modi.i.d Transi.i.nal KdV Equati.n i.i.i.l-Boundary Value Problem Semi.Group Local and Global Exi.tence

Alternati.e spli.i.g of the PECTi.ESTERASE gene encodi.g a cell wall-degradi.g enzyme affects postharvest softeni.g i. grape

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Journal of i.tegrati.e Agri.ulture 2024年第3期23卷 863-875页

作者： Hai.an Li. Maosong Pei.charles Ampomah-Dwamena Yaxi. Shang Yi.e Yu Tonglu Wei.Qi.ofang Shi.Dalong Guo College of Horti.ulture and Plant Protecti.n Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000China Henan Engi.eeri.g Technology Research Center of Quali.y Regulati.n and Control of Horti.ultural Plants Luoyang 471000China The New Zealand i.sti.ute for Plant&Food Research Li.i.ed(PFR) Auckland 1010New Zealand

The fi.mness of table grape berri.s i. a cruci.l quali.y parameter. Despi.e extensi.e research on postharvest frui. softeni.g, i.s preci.e molecular mechani.ms remai. elusi.e. To enhance our comprehensi.n of the underlyi.g molecular factors, we i.i.i.lly i.enti.i.d di.ferenti.lly expressed genes(DEGs) by compari.g the transcri.tomes of foli. aci.(FA)-treated and water-treated(CK) berri.s at di.ferent ti.e poi.ts. We then analyzed the sequences to detect alternati.ely spli.ed(AS) genes associ.ted wi.h postharvest softeni.g. A total of 2,559 DEGs were i.enti.i.d and categori.ed i.to four subclusters based on thei. expressi.n patterns, wi.h subcluster-4 genes exhi.i.i.g hi.her expressi.n i. the CK group compared wi.h the FA treatment group. There were 1,045 AS-associ.ted genes speci.i. to FA-treated berri.s and 1,042 i. the CK-treated berri.s, respecti.ely. Gene Ontology(GO) annotati.n i.di.ated that the AS-associ.ted genes i. CK-treated berri.s were predomi.antly enri.hed i. cell wall metaboli. processes,parti.ularly cell wall degradati.n processes. Through a compari.on between treatment-associ.ted AS genes and subcluster-4 DEGs, we i.enti.i.d ei.ht genes, i.cludi.g Pecti.esterase 2(VvPE2, Vi.vi.5g00704), whi.h encodes a cell wall-degradi.g enzyme and was predi.ted to undergo an A3SS event. The reverse transcri.ti.n polymerase chai. reacti.n further confi.med the presence of a truncated transcri.t vari.nt of VvPE2 i. the FA-treated *** study provi.es a comprehensi.e analysi. of AS events i. postharvest grape berri.s usi.g transcri.tome sequenci.g and underscores the pi.otal role of VvPE2 duri.g the postharvest storage of grape berri.s.

关键词： grape postharvest softeni.g foli. aci. alternati.e spli.i.g Pecti.esterase 2 alternati.e 3'spli.e si.e(A3SS)

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A Tale of Two Vi.i.s

Chi.Afri.a 2024年第10期16卷 14-15页

作者： charles ONUNAi.U Centre for Chi.a Studi.s AbujaNigeria

Chi.ese Forei.n Mi.i.ter Wang Yi.s vi.i. to Afri.a focuses on addressi.g practi.al i.sues,whi.e US adapts to a changi.g *** 13 to 18 January,Chi.ese Forei.n Mi.i.ter Wang Yi.vi.i.ed four Afri.an countri.s i. keepi.g wi.h the more than three decades of tradi.i.n where Chi.ese forei.n mi.i.ters start thei. yearly overseas vi.i.s wi.h a tri. to ***,whi.e these vi.i.s have become a routi.e for Chi.a’s di.lomati. practi.e,they are not an empty *** represent a tradi.i.n of Chi.a-Afri.a pragmati. cooperati.n defi.ed by mutual consultati.ns and tangi.le *** i. nei.her opportuni.ti. nor paternali.ti.,but rather engagement i. the speci.i. i.sues of concern for the parti.ular country i. relati.n to bi.ateral cooperati.n wi.h Chi.a and the overall framework of the broader and comprehensi.e Chi.a-Afri.a cooperati.n.

关键词： mutual Afri.a cooperati.n

A Democracy That Works Western democraci.s have fai.ed to address people’s li.eli.ood concerns whi.e the Chi.ese practi.e has made notable achi.vements

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Chi.Afri.a 2024年第5期16卷 16-17页

作者： charles ONUNAi.U Centre for Chi.a Studi.s AbujaNigeria

More than 200 scholars,researchers,former government o!ci.ls and party leaders from over 50 countri.s gathered i. the sprawli.g bui.di.g of the Chi.ese Academy of Hi.tory i. Bei.i.g on 20 March for the thi.d i.ternati.nal Forum on Democracy:The Shared Human *** forum debated the concept of democracy,i.s trajectori.s and prospects,and,more i.portantly,how i. can be made to work and deli.er tangi.le results for di.erent countri.s.

关键词： Democracy gathered debate

The Role of Certi.i.ates and Labels for Cocoa i. the Face of Cli.ate Change: A Sci.nti.i. Revi.w

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Ameri.an Journal of Cli.ate Change 2024年第2期13卷 281-313页

作者： charles Hans Opoku Department of Agri.ultural Economi.s and Rural Development Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Gttingen Germany

Cli.ate change threatens cocoa quali.y, rai.i.g concerns regardi.g sustai.able premi.m cocoa producti.n. Evaluati.g the effecti.eness of certi.i.ati.n standards i. i.perati.e to address thi. concern effecti.ely. A multi.stage method was employed for a systemati. revi.w of 39 peer-revi.wed arti.les to hi.hli.ht the i.pacts of cli.ate change on the bi.physi.al envi.onment of cocoa and i.s i.pli.ati.ns for adapti.g Geographi.al i.di.ati.ns (Gi.). Addi.i.nally, a comprehensi.e revi.w was conducted on cli.ate-relevant standards of certi.i.ates i. Ecuador, i.donesi., and Ghana. The fi.di.gs of thi. study provi.e practi.al i.si.hts i.to possi.le di.fi.ulti.s that cocoa-produci.g countri.s may encounter i. mai.tai.i.g the di.ti.cti.e flavours and quali.y trademarks of cocoa i. the face of changi.g cli.ate. Moreover, the fi.di.gs emphasi.e the need for producer countri.s to pri.ri.i.e vi.ble adaptati.n and product di.ferenti.ti.n strategi.s that meet sustai.able marketi.g standards to protect Gi. or place-based i.tellectual property. Furthermore, the fi.di.gs i.di.ate certi.i.ates requi.e effecti.e multi.level cli.ate change management and envi.onmental-soci.l-governance pri.ci.les that promote sci.nti.i.ally proven mi.i.ati.n strategi.s, such as i.creasi.g soi. organi. carbon, zero deforestati.n, and reduci.g emi.si.ns whi.e stri.i.g to leverage local adaptati.n poli.i.s to reduce locati.n-speci.i. vulnerabi.i.y. Fi.ally, certi.i.ates can accelerate the expansi.n, i.tensi.i.ati.n, and redi.tri.uti.n of sustai.able producti.n for gai.s that outwei.h the i.conveni.nces caused by cli.ate change.

关键词： Adaptati.n Bi.physi.al Envi.onment Cli.ate Change Cocoa Certi.i.ates Envi.onmental Soci.l Governance Mi.i.ati.n Geographi.al i.di.ati.ns

An Analysi. of Li.eri.’s Vulnerabi.i.y to Cli.ate Change i. the Context of Least Developed Countri.s (LDCs): A Revi.w

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Ameri.an Journal of Cli.ate Change 2024年第2期13卷 230-250页

作者： charles Flomo Togbah State Key Laboratory of Polluti.n Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji.i.sti.ute of Envi.onment for Sustai.able Development Shanghai China

Cli.ate change i. an alarmi.g global challenge, parti.ularly affecti.g the least developed countri.s (LDCs) i.cludi.g Li.eri.. These countri.s, located i. regi.ns prone to unpredi.table temperature and preci.i.ati.n changes, are faci.g si.ni.i.ant challenges, parti.ularly i. cli.ate-sensi.i.e sectors such as mi.i.g and agri.ulture. LDCs need more resi.i.nce to adverse cli.ate shocks but have li.i.ed capaci.y for adaptati.n compared to other developed and developi.g nati.ns. Thi. paper exami.es Li.eri.’s suscepti.i.i.y to cli.ate change as a least developed country, focusi.g on i.s exposure, sensi.i.i.y, and adapti.e capaci.y. i. provi.es an overvi.w of LDCs and outli.es the global di.tri.uti.n of carbon di.xi.e emi.si.ns. The paper also evaluates speci.i. challenges that ampli.y Li.eri.’s vulnerabi.i.y and constrai. sustai.able adaptati.n, provi.i.g i.si.ht i.to cli.ate change’s exi.ti.g and potenti.l effects. The paper emphasi.es the urgency of addressi.g cli.ate i.pacts on Li.eri. and calls for concerted local and i.ternati.nal efforts for effecti.e and sustai.able mi.i.ati.n efforts. i. provi.es recommendati.ns for poli.y deci.i.ns and calls for further research on cli.ate change mi.i.ati.n and adaptati.n.

关键词： Least Developed Countri.s Li.eri. Cli.ate Change Vulnerabi.i.y Poverty Hunger Di.ease Research and Development (R&D) Adaptati.n