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Statistical evaluation of 571 gaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using cryogenic on-chip multiplexing

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 21-28页

作者： Pengcheng Ma Kaveh Delfanazari Reuben K.Puddy Jiahui Li Moda Cao Teng Yi Jonathan P.griffiths Harvey E.Beere David A.Ritchie Michael J.Kelly charles g.smith Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Electrical Engineering Division University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK

Themass production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution *** is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a single chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integrability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and ***,we used a cryogenic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investigated the statistics of the 0.7 anomaly observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)*** single chips contain 256 split gate field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and gate pads,allowing individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled through an electrostatic gate voltage process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of gaAs *** the measurements of 571 functioning QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our ***,some of the features in our data largely agreed with van Hove model with short-range *** approach provides further insight into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic origin of the 0.7 anomaly in QFETs,paving the way for the development of semiconducting quantum circuits and integrated cryogenic electronics,for scalable quantum logic control,readout,synthesis,and processing applications.

关键词： Cryogenic chip Cryogenic quantum multiplexer Semi-conductor quantum integrated circuit Quantumﬁeld effect transistors Quantum point contacts Chip-scale cryogenic electronics

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A new view of the local Universe

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 167-168页

作者： Lister Staveley-smith International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research(ICRAR) University of Western AustraliaCrawley WA 6009Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics(ASTRO 3D) Crawley WA 6009Australia

The distribution and kinematics of gas in and around dark matter halos, the formation of stellar populations from the gravitational collapse of gas clouds, and the interaction of stars and their remnants with interste... 详细信息

关键词： galaxies stars galactic

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Thermodynamic analysis of metal segregation in dual phase high entropy ceramics

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Journal of Materiomics 2024年第4期10卷 889-895页

作者： Steven M.smith II William g.Fahrenholtz gregory E.Hilmas Stefano Curtarolo Missouri University of Science and Technology Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentRollaMO65409USA Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials ScienceDurhamNC27708USA Duke University Center of Autonomous Materials DesignDurhamNC27708USA

Equilibrium gibbs'free energy calculations were used to determine metal segregation trends between boride and carbide solid solutions containing two metals that are relevant to dual phase high entropy *** model predicted that Ti had the strongest tendency to segregate to the boride phase followed by Zr,Nb,Mo,V,Hf,and Ta,which matches experimental results of measured *** ratio of a metal in the carbide phase to the content of the same metal in the corresponding metal boride had a linear trend with the change in standard gibbs'free energy of reaction for a metal carbide reacting with B_(4)C to produce its corresponding metal boride and *** proposed model was used to predict the changes in standard gibbs'free energy for CrC→CrB_(2) to be−260 kJ and WC→WB_(2) to be 148 kJ,which indicates that Cr has the strongest segregation to the boride and W has the strongest segregation to the *** proposed model can be used to estimate the segregation of metals in dual phase high entropy boride-carbide ceramics of any boride/carbide ratio or metal content.

关键词： Dual phase High entropy ceramic Boride Carbide Thermodynamics

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Harnessing endothelial cells and vascularization strategies for nerve regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2337-2338页

作者： Papon Muangsanit Poppy smith Virology and Cell Technology Research Team National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(BIOTEC)National Science and Technology Development Agency(NSTDA)PathumthaniThailand UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering UCLLondonUK Department of Pharmacology UCL School of PharmacyUCLLondonUK

Peripheral nerves are essential components of the human body’s communication system,transmitting signals between the central nervous system and various body *** resulting from trauma or disease can result in debilitating sensory and motor *** injuries,particularly those resulting in significant gaps in the nerve tissue,pose a formidable challenge for clinicians and *** their limitations,including limited availability and donor site morbidity,nerve autografts remain the clinical gold standard for treating nerve injuries.

关键词： injuries nerves donor

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Recent development and challenges in enhancing fire performance on wood and wood-based composites:A 10-year review from 2012 to 2021

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2024年第1期9卷 27-42页

作者： charles Michael Albert Kang Chiang Liew Faculty of Tropical Forestry Universiti Malaysia SabahKota Kinabalu 88400Kota KinabaluSabah 88400Malaysia

Due to their durability,versatility,and aesthetic value,wood and wood-based composites are widely used as building *** fact that these materials are flammable,however,raises a major worry since they might cause fire hazards and significant loss of life and *** article investigates the variables that affect fire performance as well as the various fire-retardant treatments and their *** current developments and challenges in improving the fire performance of wood and wood-based composites treated with fire-retardant materials are summarized in this ***,organic chemicals,and densification are some recent developments in fire-retardant treatments that are also *** points from the review are summarized,along with potential areas for further research and development.

关键词： Fire performance Fire-retardant materials Wood Wood-based composite Nanoparticles coating Surface charring Bio-based fire retardant Densification

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Testing for temperature acclimation of plant carbon exchange:a comment on‘global patterns of the responses of leaf-level photosynthesis and respiration in terrestrial plants to experimental warming’by liang et al.

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 333-334页

作者： Nicholas g.smith Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University915 West State StreetWest LafayetteIN 47907USA

In a recent issue of Journal of Plant Ecology,Liang et al.(2013)use meta-analytical techniques to analyze the leaf carbon exchanges responses to experimental warming and,in part,observe that leaf dark respiration,but not photosynthesis,acclimates to the warming *** authors should be commended for putting together and analyzing such a large data *** of the results provide fine syntheses for understanding leaf carbon exchange responses to ***,the acclimation analyses are,in my opinion,flawed and are not appropriate for supporting their results.

关键词： exchange carbon supporting

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Impact of COVID-19 on Safety Performance for Motorcycles: Pre-and during-Pandemic Conditions

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 390-401页

作者： Hongyun Chen Amelia Lawson charles Hurda Madalyn smith Tate grant Civil Engineering Department Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA

Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period.

关键词： Motorcycle Crash Pandemic Injury Severity Contributing Factors

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Historic,pre-stock enhancement,demographic conditions of exploited populations of dusky flathead,Platycephalus fuscus,in eastern Australia

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第2期9卷 314-323页

作者： charles A.gray WildFish Research Grays PointSydney2232Australia

Responsible stock enhancement initiatives require baseline data of wild population demographic conditions that can be used in testing management *** study provides the first fishery-independent assessment of length-and age-based biological characteristics of exploited populations of Platycephalus fuscus in eastern Australia prior to stock *** was conducted over seven estuaries spanning seven degrees of latitude and the geographical range of proposed stock *** in all estuaries showed evidence of length and age truncation,especially those subject to commercial fisheries where young individuals of both sexes dominated *** longevities were 12 and 11 years for females and males respectively,but few females>5 years and males>3 years were generally *** dominated populations,and on average,the mean lengths and ages of females were greater than males within each estuary and across all age *** dimorphic variation in growth was evident across all estuaries,with females attaining greater maximum lengths than ***-specific differences in individual growth were not *** average,over 50%of females sampled in each estuary were>the minimum legal length(MLL),but the opposite was evident for *** contrast,over 25%of males in each estuary were>the mean length at maturity(L50),whereas in all but one estuarythe *** male and female *** should recruit to the fishery in 2 and 3 years,and contribute to the spawning stock in 1.5 and 4.5 years,*** study provides important historical baseline data that can contribute to testing stock enhancement outcomes on populations.

关键词： Baseline data Fishery enhancement Management evaluation Platycephalidae Recreational fishing Restocking Stock assessment

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COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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NRF2 signaling cascade in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： Pauline Tarot Christelle Lasbleiz Jean-charles Liévens MMDN Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance CNRS ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor *** include muscle weakness and atrophy,spasticity,and progressive ***,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and cure amyotrophic lateral *** only two treatments actually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated beneficial *** difficulty to find a cure lies in the complexity and multifaceted pattern of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis *** mechanisms,abnormal RNA metabolism,nucleocytoplasmic transport defects,accumulation of unfolded protein,and mitochondrial dysfunction would in fine induce oxidative damage and vice versa.A potent therapeutic strategy will be to find molecules that break this vicious *** the nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 signaling may fulfill this objective since nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 has a multitarget profile controlling antioxidant defense,mitochondrial functioning,and *** here discuss the interest of developing nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiological mechanisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted clinical assays in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

关键词： amyotrophic lateral sclerosis C9orf72 NRF2 oxidative defense oxidative stress sulforaphane superoxide dismutase 1 TDP43

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