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Commentary on a novel technique for distal hypospadias repair using forked corpus spongiosum

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 122-122页

作者： Hannah Kay e charles Osterberg Dell Medical School University of Texas at Austin1601 Trinity StreetSuite 704AustinTX 78704USA

First-line treatment for hypospadias is surgical repair between 6 and 18 months of *** of treatment may include improved urinary stream,a cosmetically pleasing appearance,and reduction of penile curvature(chordee).1 G... 详细信息

关键词： urinary treatment curvature

Analysis of forestry impacts and biodiversity in two Pyrenean forests through a comparison of moth communities （Lepidoptera, Heterocera）

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 323-338页

作者： CARINe LUOUe charles GeRS JACQUeS LAUGA NeSTOR MARIANO Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversit6 UMR5172CNRS/Universit6Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Institut fur Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie-Abteilung Biologie Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany evolution et Diversit6Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS/Universit6 Paul SabatierToulouseFrance CeAMISH-Universidad Aumnoma estadoMorelos CuemavacaMorelosCP:62210 Mexico

We have compared the biodiversity variations in moth communities between unmanaged forests and commercial forests in a mountainous environment （Pyrenees France）. The aim was to evaluate the impact of forestry activities on moth diversity. The data collected from the insects were analysed with a Bayesian specific similarity index （noted SSP index） and by statistical biodiversity indexes comparison. It was seen that diversity and richness were decreased in the plantation compared to the unmanaged forest. Interestingly, the composition of the communities of moths was shown to be not only related to the presence/absence of host plants, but also to be in relation with changes in the differences in forest architecture （i.e. the relative coverage by the different vegetation levels）. However, the moth community in the commercial forest still has a high capacity to converge with the moth community present in more natural forests. We report here a list of 177 species of moths, providing information on the distribution of some uncommon species, poorly studied as yet in the Pyrenees.

关键词： biodiversity Lepidoptera Heterocera mountainous forest ecosystems

eco-geotechnics for human sustainability

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2022年第12期65卷 2809-2845页

作者： NG charles Wang Wai ZHANG Qi ZHOU Chao NI JunJun Department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong Kong 999077China Department of Civil and environmental engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong 999077China School of Transportation Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China

As a result of climate change and increasing engineering activities, soil-related disasters such as slope failures and sandstorms have become more frequent worldwide. These disasters have caused not only loss of life, but also have led to serious economic losses as well as ecological and environmental damage. To sustain mankind, a new discipline, eco-geotechnics, has rapidly become established and developed in recent years. It integrates scientific knowledge from soil mechanics, rock mechanics,ecology, biology, and atmospheric science to develop cross-disciplinary theories and carry out experiments to tackle grand world challenges such as the effects of climate change. Through the development of eco-geotechnics, various eco-friendly technologies have been developed to mitigate sandstorms and to improve the performance of earthen structures such as embankments, slopes and landfill covers. This state-of-the-art review introduces and discusses the important advances in the field of eco-geotechnics,covering theoretical developments, laboratory testing, centrifuge modelling, field monitoring and engineering ***, the research gaps and future needs of eco-geotechnics are highlighted and discussed.

关键词： sustainability eco-geotechnics atmosphere-plant-soil interactions ecology unsaturated soil mechanics

Using an electronic Nose to Rapidly Assess Grandlure Content in Boll Weevil Pheromone Lures

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2011年第4期8卷 449-454页

作者： charles P.-C. Suh Ningye Ding Yubin Lan USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Research Unit College Station TX 77845 USA College of engineering Northeast Agriculture University Harbin 150030 P. R. China

Samples of pheromone lures used in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis （Boheman）, eradication programs are routinely analyzed by Gas Chromatography （GC） to ensure lures are adequately dosed with grandlure, the synthetic aggregation phero- mone produced by male weevils. However, preparation of GC samples is tedious, time consuming, and requires a moderate level of experience. We examined the use of a commercially-available electronic nose （e-nose） for rapidly assessing the grandlure contents of lures. The e-nose was trained to recognize headspace collections of grandlure emitted from new lures and after lures were aged under field conditions for 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d. Based on cross-validation of the training set, the e-nose was 82% accurate in discriminating among the different age classes of lures. Upon sampling headspace collections of pheromone from a different set of field-aged lures, the e-nose was 〈50% accurate in discriminating 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d aged lures from the other age classes of lures. However, the e-nose identified new and 14 d aged lure samples with 100% accuracy. In light of these findings, e-nose technology shows considerable promise as an alternative approach for rapidly assessing the initial grandlure contents of lures used in boll weevil eradication programs.

关键词： electronic nose Cyranose 320 boll weevil grandlure pheromone lure

Towards a holistic user innovation policy

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International Journal of Innovation Studies 2022年第1期6卷 35-52页

作者： Lars Bengtsson charles edquist Division of Innovation engineering Department of Design SciencesFaculty of Engineering e LTHLund University22100 LundSweden CIRCLe Lund University22100 LundSweden

This paper aims to synthesize previous user innovation policy proposals into an adapted system of innovation framework,on which a future holistic user innovation policy for the household sector can be *** do this in three ***,we introduce the systems of innovation framework as a comprehensive basis for a holistic approach to innovation ***,we identify and review policy proposals made by user innovation researchers and categorize them according to ten key activities in the systems of innovation ***,from a system of innovation perspective,we synthesize the policy proposals identified into an adapted framework,including determinants specific to user innovation in the household *** synthesized proposals are intended to strengthen the systemic and multi-causal effects of policy on household sector user innovation in a country,region,or *** policies for user innovation may,on this basis,be instrumental in avoiding mono-causality,or the concentration on only a few policy instruments in a proposed policy.

关键词： User innovation Household sector Systems of innovation Innovation policy Holistic innovation policy

IN VIVO TRANS-ReCTAL ULTRASOUND-COUPLeD NeAR-INFRAReD OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY OF INTACT NORMAL CANINe PROSTATe

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 215-225页

作者： DAQING PIAO ZHeN JIANG KeNNeTH e.BARTeLS G.ReeD HOLYOAK JeRRY W.RITCHeY GUAN XU charles F.BUNTING GeNNADY SLOBODOV School of electrical and Computer engineering Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology Oklahoma State University StillwaterOK 74078 USA Department of Urology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CenterOklahoma CityOK 73104 USA

This is the first tomography-presentation of the optical properties of a normal canine prostate,in vivo,in its native intact environment in the pelvic *** imaging was performed by trans-rectal near-infrared(NIR)optical tomography in steady-state measurement at 840 nm on three sagittal planes across the right lobe,middle-line,and left lobe,respectively,of the prostate *** NIR imaging planes were position-correlated with concurrently applied trans-rectal ultrasound,albeit there was no spatial prior employed in the NIR tomography *** reconstructed peak absorption coefficients of the prostate on the three planes were 0.014,0.012,and 0.014mm^(−1).The peak reduced scattering coefficients were 5.28,5.56,and 6.53 mm^(−1).The peak effective attenuation coefficients were 0.45,0.43,and 0.50 mm^(−1).The absorption and effective attenuation coefficients were within the ranges predictable at 840 nm by literature values which clustered sparsely from 355 nm to 1064 nm,none of which were performed on a canine prostate with similar *** effective attenuation coefficients of the gland were shown to be generally higher in the internal aspects than in the peripheral aspects,which is consistent with the previous findings that the urethral regions were statistically more attenuating than the capsular regions.

关键词： Prostate canine optical property optical tomography trans-rectal ultrasound

Seasonal and geographical variation in diapause and cold hardiness of the Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis

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Insect Science 2015年第4期22卷 578-586页

作者： Hai-Cui Xie Dun-Song Li Hong-Gang Zhang charles e. Mason Zhen-Ying Wang Xin Lu Wan-Zhi Cai Kang-Lai He The State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 Department of entomology China Agriculture University Beijing 100193 The Plant Protection Research Institute Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Guangzhou 510640 China Department of entomology and Wildlife ecology University of Delaware 531 S College Ave Rm 250 Newark DE 19716-2160 USA Institute of Plant Protection Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Gongzhuling 136100 Jilin China

Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis （Guenee）, is a key corn pest in the Asian-Western Pacific countries. It overwinters as flail-grown larvae in plant stalks or in a spun-silk covering located in the plant debris in the temperate regions of China. Supercooling point （SCP） and survival rate after low sub-zero temperature treatment were assessed for field-collected populations in the laboratory using a cool bath with a 1 ℃/min cooling rate until -40℃. Mean SCPs were varied among geographical populations, with a significant decline from -22.7℃ of Haikou, the multivoltine tropical population in the south, to -28.5℃ of Gongzhuling, the univoltine temperate population in the northeast of China. In addition, there was more than 1℃ difference in SCP between Gongzhuling univoltine and bivoltine populations that were from the same geographic origin. Mean SCPs of the Guangzhou population fluctuated over the year, with significantly lower SCPs in winter than in other seasons, which correlated with a significantly higher proportion of diapausing larvae in winter than in other seasons. Over 41% of overwintering larvae from the northeast population could withstand to be supercooled for a few minutes to the low sub-zero temperature of-40℃, but only 6.7% of their southern counterparts did so. The findings from this study suggest that O. furnacalis mostly takes advantage of freeze avoidance as diapausing larvae for overwintering in the southern region, whereas it exhibits freeze tolerance in diapause in the northeastern region.

关键词： cold hardiness diapause geographical population Ostriniafurnacalis overwintering seasonality

Observation of Zitterbewegung in photonic microcavities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1084-1090页

作者： Seth Lovett Paul M.Walker Alexey Osipov Alexey Yulin Pooja Uday Naik charles e.Whittaker Ivan A.Shelykh Maurice S.Skolnick Dmitry N.Krizhanovskii Department of Physics and Astronomy University of SheffieldS37RH SheffieldUK Department of Physics and Technology ITMO UniversitySt.Petersburg 197101Russia Science Institute University of IcelandDunhagi 3IS-107 ReykjavikIceland

We present and experimentally study the effects of the photonic spin–orbit coupling on the real space propagation of polariton wavepackets in planar semiconductor microcavities and polaritonic analogues of *** particular,we demonstrate the appearance of an analogue Zitterbewegung effect,a term which translates as‘trembling motion’in english,which was originally proposed for relativistic Dirac electrons and consisted of the oscillations of the centre of mass of a wavepacket in the direction perpendicular to its *** a planar microcavity,we observe regular Zitterbewegung oscillations whose amplitude and period depend on the wavevector of the *** then extend these results to a honeycomb lattice of coupled microcavity *** to the planar cavity,such lattices are inherently more tuneable and versatile,allowing simulation of the Hamiltonians of a wide range of important physical *** observe an oscillation pattern related to the presence of the spin-split Dirac cones in the *** both cases,the experimentally observed oscillations are in good agreement with theoretical modelling and independently measured bandstructure parameters,providing strong evidence for the observation of Zitterbewegung.

关键词： planar versatile analogues

Rabies in a postpandemic world:resilient reservoirs,redoubtable riposte,recurrent roadblocks,and resolute recidivism

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Animal Diseases 2023年第2期3卷 63-89页

作者： charles e.Rupprecht Philip P.Mshelbwala R.Guy Reeves Ivan V.Kuzmin College of Forestry Wildlife&EnvironmentCollege of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnAL 36849USA School of Veterinary Science University of QueenslandGattonAustralia Department of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of AbujaAbujaNigeria Max Planck Institut Fur evolutionsbiologie 24306 PlonGermany Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555USA

Rabies is an ancient *** centuries since Pasteur,fundamental progress occurred in virology,vaccinology,and diagnostics—and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health—before common terminological ***,control,selective elimination,and even the unthinkable—occasional treatment—of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first ***,in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest,eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies,particularly post-COVID-19 *** are *** encompasses bats and mesocarnivores,but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential *** rabies virus is the classical member of the genus,other species of lyssaviruses also cause the *** reservoirs remain *** global,this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often *** with other neglected diseases,laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal,especially in lower-and middleincome *** of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic *** priorities,lack of defined,long-term international donors,and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies *** prevention,all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual,whether parenteral or oral–essentially‘one and done’.exploiting mammalian social behaviors,future‘spreadable vaccines’might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit ***,the release of replication-competent,genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological,ethical,and regulatory issues in need of broader,transdisciplinary *** this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention,control,or elimination in the near term remains *** the interim,more precise terminology an

关键词： Diagnosis epidemiology Lyssavirus Neglected Tropical Diseases Pathogenesis Prophylaxis Rabies Surveillance Vaccination Zoonosis