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The First Global Map of Atmospheric Ammonia(NH_(3)) as Observed by the HIRAS/FY-3D Satellite

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第3期41卷 379-390页

作者： Minqiang ZHOU Zhili DENG charles robert Xingying ZHANG Lu ZHANG Yapeng WANG Chengli QI Pucai WANG Martine De MAZIÈRE Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy(BIRA-IASB) Brussels 1180Belgium National Satellite Meteorology Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Department of Science&Technology and Climate Change China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Atmospheric ammonia(NH_(3)) is a chemically active trace gas that plays an important role in the atmospheric environment and climate change. Satellite remote sensing is a powerful technique to monitor NH_(3) concentration based on the absorption lines of NH_(3) in the thermal infrared region. In this study, we establish a retrieval algorithm to derive the NH_(3)column from the Hyperspectral Infrared Atmospheric Sounder(HIRAS) onboard the Chinese Feng Yun(FY)-3D satellite and present the first atmospheric NH_(3) column global map observed by the HIRAS instrument. The HIRAS observations can well capture NH_(3) hotspots around the world, e.g., India, West Africa, and East China, where large NH_(3) emissions exist. The HIRAS NH_(3) columns are also compared to the space-based Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer(IASI)measurements, and we find that the two instruments observe a consistent NH_(3) global distribution, with correlation coefficient(R) values of 0.28–0.73. Finally, some remaining issues about the HIRAS NH_(3) retrieval are discussed.

关键词： ammonia HIRAS/FY-3D satellite thermal-infrared observation remote sensing optimal estimation method

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Inguinal Neuritis in Open Recurrent Hernia Repair

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2014年第13期5卷 790-798页

作者： robert charles Wright robert James Wright Cascade Hernia & Heartburn Institute Meridian Surgical Center Puyallup USA

PURPOSE: To investigate the pattern of occurrence of inguinal neuritis in recurrent inguinal hernia. We hypothesize that neuritis will occur in more nerves with a wider distribution than in primary repair. METHODS: Retrospective chart review of thirty consecutive recurrent inguinal hernia repairs concentrating on the occurrence of inguinal neuritis. These are not chronic pain patients. Nerves suspected of containing inguinal neuritis were sent for histologic examination. Ilioinguinal nerves were routinely resected. Operative parameters and nerve pathology reports were reviewed. These data were compared with a recent series of one hundred consecutive primary inguinal hernia repairs with a 34% incidence of inguinal neuritis. An independent statistician from Whitman University reviewed the data. RESULTS: Twenty patients were found to have inguinal neuritis among thirty recurrent open inguinal hernia repairs (66%). This compares to 34% among primary repairs, but it is a similar rate (P > 0.42) assuming that the damaged nerve was left intact in 34% of these recurrences during the primary repair. In recurrent inguinal hernia 69% of neuritis occurred in the ilioinguinal nerve compared to 88% of damaged ilioinguinal nerves in the primary hernia. A test for the difference in proportions gives P > 0.10. The most common site of neuritis occurrence in recurrent hernias with nerve damage to the ilioinguinal nerve was at the external oblique neuroperforatum among 70% of patients compared to 83% in primary cases. A test for difference in proportions gives P > 0.36. Two separate nerves were found to exhibit neuritis in six patients (20%) significantly higher than 1% among primary hernias (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The overall incidence of inguinal neuritis was 66% in recurrent inguinal hernia repairs. The ilioinguinal nerve was most commonly affected in these recurrent hernias. Inguinal neuritis occurs more commonly in recurrent hernia compared with primary inguinal hernia;however, it

关键词： Hernias Recurrent Nerve Inflammation Neuritis

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达尔文自传

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作者： (英)达尔文(charles robert Darwin)

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乌鸦分享馅饼

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初中生 2020年第36期 27-31页

作者： robert charles Nina(编译) 不详

一只乌鸦发现窗台上有一大块新鲜烤制的樱桃馅饼。它正准备饱餐一顿时,来了第二只、第三只、第四只,甚至更多的乌鸦。一开始,它并不愿意同其他乌鸦分享美食,但后来慢慢地想通了,觉得分享是一件不错的事情。于是,整块樱桃馅饼被一分为二... 详细信息

一只乌鸦发现窗台上有一大块新鲜烤制的樱桃馅饼。它正准备饱餐一顿时,来了第二只、第三只、第四只,甚至更多的乌鸦。一开始,它并不愿意同其他乌鸦分享美食,但后来慢慢地想通了,觉得分享是一件不错的事情。于是,整块樱桃馅饼被一分为二、二分为四、四分为八。就像第二只乌鸦说的那样:比起一个人吃光整块馅饼而闹肚子的感觉,分享的感觉更好。

关键词：乌鸦分享一分为二樱桃感觉

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达尔文自传三版

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丛书名：传记丛书

1949年

作者：（英）达尔文（charles robert Darwin）苏桥译

讲述达尔文1801-1881年的生平事迹。

关键词：达尔文学科:自传

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National Social Investment Programmes in Nigeria:A Descriptive Analysis of the Socio-Economic Contributions of N-Power Programme in Benue State

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Management Studies 2024年第1期12卷 9-20页

作者： robert Idoko Ogwola Dennis Anyebe Olofu charles Amobi Aneke Federal University GashuaNigeria National Council for Arts and Culture Garki-AbujaNigeria

This study analysed the socio-economic contributions of N-Power programme amongst the beneficiaries of the scheme in Benue *** to the introduction of N-Power programme,successive administrations in Nigeria have made concerted efforts towards improving the standard of living of the citizenry through the execution of various welfare or social intervention programmes,but not much successes were *** from the mistakes of the past regimes,and by way of deliberate state policy,the Buhari’s government initiated a multi-pronged social investment policy,one of which is the N-power programme that came onboard in 2016,which also doubles as the subject of this *** achieve the goal of this study,a combination of desktop research and survey design was *** were administered to 390 respondents through a combination of stratified and random sampling *** results of the survey were matched with that of the secondary data obtained through online websites and other related *** result indicated that N-Power made positive contributions to the socio-economic life of the beneficiaries in Benue State:specifically,the scheme contributed in poverty eradication,employment generation,skills acquisitions and capacity ***,some aspect of our findings revealed that the programme has a number of challenges such as:inadequate cash support,delay in monthly cash transfer to beneficiaries,distance participants had to move to their work stations,absence of posting in N-Teach scheme,and lack of adequate working tools amongst *** salvage this problem the paper recommended the following solutions:expansion of the scheme to cover N-Teach and other aspects,increment in the monthly cash transfer to cushion the high rate of inflation,support for the participants/beneficiaries in transportation and logistics,enrolment of more youth into the various schemes,proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the schemes among

关键词： national social investment programme N-Power contributions socio-economic development

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伦敦国家美术馆艺术展览的陈述方式

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文化艺术研究 2011年第1期4卷 242-252页

作者： charles robert Saumarez Smith 沈蕾刘鹏英国皇家美术学院浙江省嘉兴市文学艺术界联合会嘉兴314001 北京大学艺术学院北京100871

自20世纪30年代以来,伦敦国家美术馆艺术展览的陈述方式经历了一系列的变化。在美术馆里,作品陈列曾被认为是件不需为之多作解释的工作,本文则意在从史料中发现线索,直白地把国家美术馆的陈列史叙写下来,同时勾勒出这背后更迭不断的思... 详细信息

自20世纪30年代以来,伦敦国家美术馆艺术展览的陈述方式经历了一系列的变化。在美术馆里,作品陈列曾被认为是件不需为之多作解释的工作,本文则意在从史料中发现线索,直白地把国家美术馆的陈列史叙写下来,同时勾勒出这背后更迭不断的思想观念和精神内涵。文章从"以审美眼光陈列作品"、"单独陈列艺术杰作"、"艺术史经典"、"审美最小化"、"文化背景观"、"传统式陈列"、"教堂般的外观"、"多样性的优点"这八个特点出发,系统地介绍并分析了美术馆七十多年发展历程中不断更迭的展示理念,并由此认为美术馆经营管理中涉及的很多问题,既是感受和审美层面上的,也是政治和文化层面上的。

关键词：国家美术馆陈列陈述方式

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