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Validation of a Swahili version of the World Health Organization 5-item well-being index among adults living with HIV and epilepsy in rural coastal Kenya

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Global Health research and Policy 2018年第1期3卷 102-108页

作者： Esther Chongwo Derrick Ssewanyana Carophine Nasambu Patrick N.Mwangala Paul M.Mwangi Moses K.Nyongesa charles r.newton Amina Abubakar Centre for Geographic Medicine research Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute(KEMRI)P.O Box 230KilifiKenya Utrecht Centre for Child and Adolescent Studies Utrecht UniversityP.O Box 801403508TCUtrechtThe Netherlands Department of Public Health Pwani UniversityP.O Box 195KilifiKenya Department of Psychiatry Warneford HospitalUniversity of OxfordOxford OX37JXUK

Objective:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the World Health Organization’s five item well-being index(WHO-5)when administered to adults living with HIV or epilepsy in a rural setting at the coast of ***:A case control study design was conducted among 230 adults aged 18-50 years,who comprised 147 cases(63 living with epilepsy and 84 living with HIV)and 83 healthy *** participants were administered to a faceto-face interview during which they completed the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index,the Major Depression Inventory(MDI)and responded to some items on their socio-demographic *** to assess internal consistency,construct validity,discriminant validity,and convergent validity of the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index was conducted.A multivariate regression was carried out to assess the association between psychological wellbeing(assessed using Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index)and having a chronic illness(HIV or epilepsy).results:The Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index demonstrated good internal consistency with Cronbach alpha ranges of 0.86-0.88 among the three study *** tool had good discriminant validity.A one factor structure of the tool was obtained from confirmatory factor analysis(overall Comparative Fit Index=1.00,Tuckler Lewis Index=1.01,root Mean Square of Error Approximation=0.00).Living with HIV or epilepsy in comparison to being a healthy control was significantly associated with greater odds of having sub-optimal psychological ***:Our findings demonstrate that the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for use to evaluate psychological well-being among adults living with chronic conditions such as HIV or epilepsy from a rural low resource setting in *** its brevity and ease of use,the Swahili version of WHO-5 well-being index could potentially be used by lay wor

关键词： Wellbeing Validation HIV Epilepsy Psychometrics WHO-5 item index

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Artificial Intelligence Based MPPT Techniques for Solar Power System: A review

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2020年第6期8卷 1043-1059页

作者： Kah Yung Yap charles r.Sarimuthu Joanne Mun-Yee Lim the Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering(ECSE) School of EngineeringMonash UniversitySubang JayaMalaysia

In the last decade,artificial intelligence(AI)techniques have been extensively used for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)in the solar power *** is because conventional MPPT techniques are incapable of tracking the global maximum power point(GMPP)under partial shading condition(PSC).The output curve of the power versus voltage for a solar panel has only one GMPP and multiple local maximum power points(MPPs).The integration of AI in MPPT is crucial to guarantee the tracking of GMPP while increasing the overall efficiency and performance of *** selection of AI-based MPPT techniques is complicated because each technique has its own merits and *** general,all of the AI-based MPPT techniques exhibit fast convergence speed,less steady-state oscillation and high efficiency,compared with the conventional MPPT ***,the AI-based MPPT techniques are computationally intensive and costly to ***,the hybrid MPPT is favorable in terms of the balance between performance and complexity,and it combines the advantages of conventional and AI-based MPPT *** this paper,a detailed comparison of classification and performance between 6 major AI-based MPPT techniques have been made based on the review and MATLAB/Simulink simulation *** merits,open issues and technical implementations of AI-based MPPT techniques are *** intend to provide new insights into the choice of optimal AI-based MPPT techniques.

关键词： Maximum power point tracking(MPPT) artificial intelligence(AI) fuzzy logic control(FLC) artificial neural network(ANN) genetic algorithm(GA) swarm intelligence(SI) machine learning(ML)

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Validity,reliability,and measurement invariance of an adapted short version of the HIV stigma scale among perinatally HIV infected adolescents at the Kenyan coast

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Global Health research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 1-10页

作者： Stanley W.Wanjala Derrick Ssewanyana Patrick N.Mwangala Carophine Nasambu Esther Chongwo Stanley Luchters charles r.J.C.newton Amina Abubakar Department of Public Health and Primary Care Ghent UniversityGhentBelgium Department of Social Sciences Pwani UniversityBox 195KilifiKenya Neuroassessment Group KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research ProgrammeCentre for Geographic Medicine Research(Coast)KilifiKenya Alliance for Human Development Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research InstituteTorontoCanada Institute for Human Development Aga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneAustralia Department of Population Health Medical CollegeAga Khan UniversityNairobiKenya Department of Public Health Pwani UniversityKilifiKenya Department of Psychiatry University of OxfordOxfordUK

Background:There is a dearth of instruments that have been developed and validated for use with children living with HIV under the age of 17 years in the Kenyan *** examined the psychometric properties and measure-ment invariance of a short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale administered to perinatally HIV-infected adolescents in a rural setting on the Kenyan ***:A cross-sectional study was conducted among 201 perinatally HIV-infected adolescents aged 12-17 years between November 2017 and October 2018.A short version of the Berger HIV stigma scale(HSS-40)containing twelve items(HSS-12)covering the four dimensions of stigma was *** psychometric assessment included exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis(CFA),and multi-group ***,scale reliability was evaluated as internal consistency by calculating Cronbach’s ***:Evaluation of the reliability and construct validity of the HSS-12 indicated insufficient reliability on three of the four ***,Exploratory Factor Analysis(EFA)was conducted to identify problematic items and determine ways to enhance the scale’s *** on the EFA results,two items were *** Swahili version of this new 10-item HIV stigma scale(HSS-10)demonstrated excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach alpha of 0.86(95%confidence interval(CI)0.84-0.89).Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that a unidimensional model best fitted the *** HSS-10 presented a good fit(overall Comparative Fit Index=0.976,Tucker Lewis Index=0.969,root Mean Square Error of Approximation=0.040,Standardised root Mean residual=0.045).Additionally,multi-group CFA indicated measurement invariance across gender and age groups at the strict invariance level asΔCFI was≤***:Our findings indicate that the HSS-10 has good psychometric properties and is appropriate for evaluat-ing HIV stigma among perinatally HIV-infected adolescents on the Kenyan ***,stud

关键词： Stigma Adolescents HIV/AIDS Psychometrics Measurement invariance Kenya

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Fifty Years of Global Justice:Five Theses

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第2期12卷 177-192页

作者： charles r.Beitz Department of Politics Princeton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08540USA

The subject of"global justice"did not exist in the literature of transatlantic political philosophy 50 years ***,it is a focus of vigorous philosophical *** paper offers five theses about the linkage between the origins of the literature in the political and philosophical ferment of the late 1960s and the state of the philosophical literature today.

关键词： Global justice osmopolitanism tatism awls alzer

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Scalable Methods for Device Patterning as an Outstanding Challenge in Translating Paper-Based Microfluidics from the Academic Benchtop to the Point-of-Care

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Journal of Analysis and Testing 2019年第1期3卷 50-60页

作者： Jessica C.Brooks charles r.Mace Department of Chemistry Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155USA

Paper-based microfluidic devices offer unparalleled adaptability for the development of low-cost,point-of-care analytical *** potential for these devices to drastically improve access to healthcare around the globe is obvious,but very few tests have found success in clinical ***,we identify manufacturing-specifically,methods to pattern paper devices at large scales-as a major barrier to translating prototype paper-based devices from the academic benchtop to the *** introduce current methods used to pattern papers and discuss their utility as means to prototype and manufacture paper-based devices.

关键词： Paper-based microfluidics μPAD Point-of-care Diagnostics Manufacturing

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Contemporary Approaches for Identifying rare Bone Disease Causing Genes

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Bone research 2013年第4期1卷 301-310页

作者： charles r.Farber Thomas L.Clemens Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Departments of Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics University of Virginia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center

recent improvements in the speed and accuracy of DNA sequencing, together with increasingly sophisti- cated mathematical approaches for annotating gene networks, have revolutionized the field of human genetics and made these once time consuming approaches assessable to most investigators. In the field of bone research, a particularly active area of gene discovery has occurred in patients with rare bone disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta （OI） that are caused by mutations in single genes. In this perspective, we highlight some of these technological advances and describe how they have been used to identify the genetic determinants underlying two previously unexplained cases of OI. The widespread availability of advanced methods for DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis can be expected to greatly facilitate identification of novel gene networks that normally function to control bone formation and maintenance.

关键词： exome sequencing genome sequencing bioinformatics osteogenesis imperfect pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) bone restricted ifitm-like protein (Bril)

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Fuzzy Logic Controller-based Synchronverter in Grid-connected Solar Power System with Adaptive Damping Factor

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Chinese Journal of Electrical Engineering 2021年第2期7卷 37-49页

作者： Kah Yung Yap Chee Ming Beh charles r.Sarimuthu Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering(ECSE) School of EngineeringMonash University MalaysiaSubang Jaya 47500Malaysia

In recent years,renewable energy sources,specifically solar power systems,have developed rapidly owing to their technological maturity and cost ***,its grid integration deteriorates frequency stability because of insufficient rotating masses and inertial ***,a synchronverter,which is an inverter that mimics the operation of a synchronous generator,is crucial to interface solar power in a power *** stabilizes the power grid by emulating a virtual ***,a conventional proportional-integral(PI)-based synchronverter is not equipped with an adaptive damping factor(Dp)or a digitalized smart controller to manage fast-responding solar ***,a novel fuzzy logic controller(FLC)framework is proposed such that the synchronverter can operate in a grid-connected solar power *** this study,Dp is controlled in real time using an FLC to achieve balance between speed and stability for frequency error correction based on frequency *** of four case studies performed in Matlab/Simulink show that the proposed FLC-based synchronverter can stabilize the grid frequency by reducing the frequency deviation by at least 0.2 Hz(0.4%),as compared with the conventional PI-based synchronverter.

关键词： Fuzzy logic controller(FLC) synchronverter renewable energy system(rES) grid stability solar power system

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Cancer chemoprevention through dietary avonoids: what's limiting?

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2017年第10期36卷 455-467页

作者： Haneen Amawi charles r. Ashby Jr Amit K. Tiwari Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo Toledo OH 43560USA Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy St. John’s UniversityQueens NY 11432 USA Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Toledo Toledo OH 43614 USA

Flavonoids are polyphenols that are found in numerous edible plant species. Data obtained from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that specific flavonoids are chemo-preventive and cytotoxic against various cancers via a multitude of mechanisms. However, the clinical use of flavonoids is limited due to challenges associated with their e ective use, including(1) the isolation and purification of flavonoids from their natural resources;(2) demonstration of the e ects of flavonoids in reducing the risk of certain cancer, in tandem with the cost and time needed for epidemiological studies, and(3) numerous pharmacokinetic challenges(e.g., bioavailability, drug–drug interactions, and metabolic instability). Currently, numerous approaches are being used to surmount some of these challenges, thereby increasing the likelihood of flavonoids being used as chemo-preventive drugs in the clinic. In this review, we summarize the most important challenges and e orts that are being made to surmount these challenges.

关键词： Flavonoids Chemoprevention Silybin Silymarin Natural product drug development Pharmacokinetic challenges

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Does Tenure Security reduce Disaster risk? A Comparative Study of the Nairobi Settlements of Kibera and Kawangware

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 445-457页

作者： rónán McDermott Pat Gibbons Dalmas Ochieng charles Owuor Olungah Desire Mpanje Centre for Humanitarian Action University College DublinDublinD04 V1W8Ireland Institute for Anthropology Gender and African StudiesUniversity of NairobiNairobi30197Kenya

While scholarship suggests that improving tenure security and housing significantly reduces disaster risk at the household level within urban settings,this assertion has not been adequately *** security can be conceived as being composed of three interrelated and overlapping forms:tenure security as determined by legal systems;de facto tenure security;and tenure security as perceived by *** article traces the relationship between tenure security,the quality of housing,and disaster risk on the basis of a mixed methods comparative case study of the settlements of Kawangware and Kibera in *** the findings suggest that owner-occupancy is associated with the structural integrity of dwellings to a greater extent than tenantship,no association was found between the length of occupancy by households and the structural integrity of the ***,tenantship is not found to be closely associated with fires and flooding affecting the dwelling as extant scholarship would *** ownership is linked with greater investment and upgrading of property with significant implications for disaster *** findings highlight the complex relationship between tenure security and disaster risk in urban informal settlements and provide impetus for further investigation.

关键词： Disaster risk Fire and flood risk Tenure security Urban hazards Urban informal settlements

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radiographic features and behaviors of neuroendocrine tumors:can we judge a book by its cover?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第4期10卷 573-574页

作者： Tyler J.Mouw charles r.Scoggins Hiram C.Polk JrMD Department of SurgeryDivision of Surgical OncologyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKYUSA

Gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are uncommon diseases which can have a varied clinical *** category of tumor includes functional and non-functional variants and despite the common developmental pathway for the cells of origin,the tumor subtypes can demonstrate strikingly different *** to the rarity and heterogeneous courses of this family of tumors.

关键词： tumors neuroendocrine diseases

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