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Biochar.applications influence soil physical and chemical pr.per.ies,micr.bial diver.ity,and cr.p pr.ductivity:a meta-analysis

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 1055-1071页

作者： Har.eep Singh Br.an K.Nor.hup charles W.r.ce P.V.Var. Pr.sad Depar.ment of Agr.nomy Kansas State University2002 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center1712 Claflin RoadManhattanKS 66506USA United States Depar.ment of Agr.cultur.-Agr.cultur.l r.sear.h Ser.ice Grazinglands Research LaboratoryEl-RenoOK 73036USA

Biochar.is a widely known soil *** we synthesize the available infor.ation on influence of biochar.application on differ.nt soil pr.per.ies and cr.p pr.ductivity using *** data on influence of biochar.applications on differ.nt soil physical,chemical,micr.bial pr.per.ies,and cr.p pr.ductivity wer. extr.cted fr.m liter.tur. and statistically *** on selection cr.ter.a,59 studies fr.m the liter.tur. published between 2012 and 2021 wer. selected for.the *** wer. developed between effect size of biochar.application on differ.nt soil pr.per.ies and cr.p *** of biochar.incr.ased soil pH,cation exchange capacity,and or.anic car.on by 46%,20%,and 27%,r.spectively,with gr.ater.effects in coar.e and fine-textur.d *** on chemical pr.per.ies wer. var.able among biochar.pr.par.d fr.m differ.nt *** physical pr.per.ies,biochar.application r.duced bulk densities by 29%and incr.ased por.sity by 59%.Biochar.pr.par.d at higher.pyr.lytic temper.tur.s(>500℃)impr.ved bulk density and por.sity to gr.ater.extents(31%and 66%,r.spectively).Biochar.pr.par.d at lower.pyr.lytic temper.tur.s(r.ater.effect on micr.bial diver.ity(both bacter.al and fungal),with mor. diver.e bacter.al populations in medium and coar.e textur.d soils,while fungal diver.ity incr.ased in fine textur.d *** applications incr.ased cr.p pr.ductivity only in fine and coar.e textur.d *** effect size of biochar.application on cr.p pr.ductivity was cor.elated with r.sponses to physical pr.per.ies of *** meta-analysis highlighted the need to conduct long-ter. field exper.ments to pr.vide better.explanations for.changes in biochar.pr.per.ies as it under.oes aging,its longer.ter. effects on soil pr.per.ies,and timing of r.-application of differ.nt biochar..

关键词： Biochar Cr.p pr.ductivity Micr.bial diver.ity Soil physical pr.per.ies Soil chemical pr.per.ies

Detection of r.spir.tor. vir.ses and bacter.a in childr.n using a twenty-two tar.et r.ver.e-tr.nscr.ption r.al-time PCr.r.-qPCr.panel

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世界儿科杂志:英文版 2016年第2期12卷 183-189页

作者： Chelsey Ellis Amita Misir.charles Hui Mona Jabbour.Nicholas Bar.owman JonathanLangill Jennifer.Bowes r.ber. Slinger Univer.ity of Ottawa Children's Hospital of Eastern OntarioChildren's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research InstituteOttawaONCanada

Backgr.und:r.pid detection of the wide r.nge of vir.ses and bacter.a that cause r.spir.tor. infection in childr.n is impor.ant for.patient car. and antibiotic *** ther.for. designed and evaluated a r.adyto-use 22 tar.et r.spir.tor. infection r.ver.e-tr.nscr.ption r.al-time polymer.se chain r.action(r.-qPCr.panel to deter.ine if this would impr.ve detection of these agents at our.pediatr.c ***:r.-qPCr.assays for.twenty-two tar.et or.anisms wer. dr.ed-down in individual wells of 96 well plates and saved at r.om *** included 18 r.spir.tor. vir.ses and 4 *** automated nucleic acid extr.ction of nasophar.ngeal aspir.te(NPA)samples,r.pid qPCr.was ***-qPCr.r.sults wer. compar.d with those obtained by the testing methods used at our.hospital ***:One hundr.d fi fty-nine pediatr.c NPA samples wer. tested with the r.-qPCr.*** or.mor. r.spir.tor. pathogens wer. detected in 132/159(83%)*** was significantly higher.than the detection r.te of standar. methods(94/159,59%)(Pr.nce was mainly due to impr.ved r.-qPCr.detection of r.inovir.ses,par.infl uenza vir.ses,bocavir.s,and *** panel inter.al contr.l assay per.or.ance r.mained stable at r.om temper.tur. stor.ge over.a two-month testing ***:The r.-qPCr.panel was able to identify pathogens in a high pr.por.ion of r.spir.tor. *** panel detected mor. positive specimens than the methods in use at our.*** pr.-made panel for.at was easy to use and r.pid,with r.sults available in appr.ximately 90 *** now plan to deter.ine if use of this panel impr.ves patient car. and antibiotic stewar.ship.

关键词： bacter.al infections pediatr.c polymer.se chain r.action r.spir.tor. infectious diseases vir.l infections

Pr.liminar. r.por. on Ear.y Settlements and Ar.haeological Mater.als fr.m Lindi r.r.l Distr.ct, Lindi r.gion, Southeaster. Tanzania

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Geosciences 2016年第5期7卷 655-668页

作者： charles Ber.ar. Saanane Depar.ment of Ar.haeology and Her.tage College of Humanities University of Dar Es Salaam Dar Es salaam Tanzania

This paper.pr.sents a pr.liminar. r.por. based on a r.connaissance sur.ey so as to cr.ate the basis for.fur.her.ar.haeological r.sear.h wor.s. The r.connaissance was conducted along ar.as in Mipingo war. nor.h of Lindi town in Lindi r.r.l distr.ct, Lindi r.gion, Southeaster. Tanzania. The r.connaissance wor.’s main objective was to pinpoint Ir.n Wor.ing, Neolithic and stone industr.al techno-complexes (for.example, Later.Stone Age, Middle Stone Age and Sangoan-like tr.ditions). Specifically, the r.connaissance wor.s sought to identify cultur.l tr.ditions such as Ir.n Wor.ing, Neolithic as well as Stone Age sequences/facies;to document other.cultur.l her.tage r.sour.es (movable and immovable, fauna or.flor.) in the ar.as;and later.on, as a long-ter. goal after.a fully-fledged r.sear.h is done (after.sever.l year. of wor.s), to under.ake community involvement for.conser.ation as well as car.y out pr.sentation of the cultur.l her.tage assets in for. of a satellite museum/museums to be linked with the Univer.ity of Dar.s Salaam Museum under.the Depar.ment of Ar.haeology and Her.tage. Nor.al ar.haeological sur.ey str.tegies wer. employed in the ar.a. The spotted mater.als wer. collected and GPS locations wer. noted. The ar.a showed some potential ar.haeological r.mains that mer.t intensive ar.haeological r.sear.h wor.s. Such ar.haeological mater.als include r.ins, tombs, stone tools and two pieces of potter.. In ter.s of cultur.l tr.ditions, ther. is evidence pointing to Stone Age people fr.m ear.y Stone Age r.pr.sented by Acheulian Industr.al techno-complex followed by Middle Stone Age and Later.Stone Age people. Fur.her.or., though two pieces of potter. wer. r.cover.d, fur.her.intensive wor.s may help to justify Ir.n Wor.ing people lived ther.. Mor.over. r.mains of a house foundation r.por.ed to have been a stor. of slaves implying to the fact that slaver. was not only pr.cticed in Bagamoyo, Zanzibar.and other.places alr.ady r.por.ed in Tanzania, but also as far.as Sou

关键词： Dinosaur Acheulian Industr.al Techno-Complex Middle Stone Age Later.Stone Age Sangoan Like Tr.ditions r.ins Tombs Fauna and Flor.

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米尔斯坦堂

城市环境设计 2014年第6期83卷 122-129页

作者： Jason long Michael Smith Tr.y Schaum charles Ber.an Ampar.Casani Noah Shepher.

AAP学院米尔斯坦堂是位于纽约州伊萨卡市久负盛名的康奈尔大学建筑艺术和规划学院(简称"AAP学院")近百年来新建的第一栋建筑。但新建筑并没有独立于学院原有建筑,而是设计为与原有建筑室内外各层面相接的综合体。约4 400m2的空间内包含... 详细信息

AAP学院米尔斯坦堂是位于纽约州伊萨卡市久负盛名的康奈尔大学建筑艺术和规划学院(简称"AAP学院")近百年来新建的第一栋建筑。但新建筑并没有独立于学院原有建筑,而是设计为与原有建筑室内外各层面相接的综合体。约4 400m2的空间内包含了工作室、展廊、评图室以及第一个专属礼堂等学院特别需要的空间。学院原有的4栋建筑位于校园北部边

关键词：米尔斯坦校园学院建筑悬臂式

Str.ng Syner.y Oppor.unities for.Afr.ca in the Belt and r.ad Initiative

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ChinAfr.ca 2019年第5期11卷 22-23页

作者： charles Onunaiju the Center.for.China Studies

The lack of physical and institutional infr.str.ctur. connectivity has long been the histor.cal deficit challenging the pan-Afr.canist vision. This is equally tr.e of Afr.ca's agenda for.r.gional integr.tion and const... 详细信息

关键词： lack infr.str.ctur.

Stability Thr.ugh Development

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ChinAfr.ca 2018年第9期10卷 24-25页

作者： charles Onunaiju the center.for.china Studies

Since its founding in 2000, the For.m on China-Afr.ca Cooper.ation （FOCAC） has without doubt become a wor.d-class inter.ational platfor. with a tr.ck r.cor. of solid deliver. r.sults. China Afr.ca tr.ditional fr.endship and cooper.tion had had long tr.jector.es befor. the establishment of the platfor.; but FOCAC not only r.-engineer.d these ties in a mor. r.sult-or.ented fashion.

关键词： Stability Thr.ugh Development

STABILITY THr.UGH DEVELOPMENT

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Beijing r.view 2018年第37期61卷 24-25页

作者： charles Qnunaiju the Center.for.China Studies in Abuja

Since its founding in 2000, the For.m on China-Afr.ca Cooper.tion （FOCAC） has, without a doubt, become a wor.d-class inter.ational platfor. with a tr.ck r.cor. of deliver.ng solid r.sults. The China-Afr.ca tr.ditional fr.endship and cooper.tion alr.ady had a long tr.jector. befor. the establishment of the platfor.; but FOCAC has not only r.engineer.d these ties in a mor. r.sult-or.ented fash- ion, but has also cr.ated and sustained the mechanism of r.gular.contact and consultation, r.sulting in pr.gmatic out- comes in the r.lationship.

关键词：中非合作论坛经济发展发展现状中国

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BOOK r.VIEWS

Fr.ntier. of Histor. in China 2013年第1期8卷 137-138页

作者： charles Sanft Univer.ity of Ar.zona E-mail:charlessanft@***

In this bold and thought-pr.voking book Er.ca Fox Br.ndley examines an issue long assumed to be a pr.mar. point of differ.nce between Eur.pean cultur.s and their.descendants and the intellectual milieu of ear.y China： the r.le of the individual. In the past, compar.tive studies of the individual in China have often assumed a basic distinction on this point, or.have taken up one definition of the individual and ar.ued that it did not exist in a par.icular.Chinese context.

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Effects of some common additives on the antimicr.bial activities of alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

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Asian Pacific Jour.al of Tr.pical Medicine 2018年第3期11卷 222-226页

作者： Nzekwe Ifeanyi Thaddeus Egbuna Chukwuemeka Fr.ncis Okpar. Ogonna Jane Agubata Chukwuma Obumneme Esimone charles Okechukwu Depar.ment of Phar.aceutics & Phar.aceutical Technology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Depar.ment of Phar.aceutical Technology & Industr.al Phar.acy University of Nigeria Depar.ment of Phar.aceutical Micr.biology and Biotechnology Nnamdi Azikiwe University

Objective: To study the effects of some common additives on the antimicr.bial activities of alcohol-based hand sanitizer.. Methods: The antibacter.al activities of var.ing aqueous concentr.tions of ethanol and isopr.pyl alcohol wer. tested by the agar.well diffusion method. The influences of differ.nt concentr.tions of glycer.n was similar.y tested. Finally, isopr.pyl alcohol and benzalkonium chlor.de wer. combined in differ.nt r.tios within the sate use concentr.tions of each, and the effects of these combinations wer. compar.d with values obtained for.the two agents used alone. Statistical methods, such as student t test and one-way ANOVA wer. used when appr.pr.ate to evaluate the differ.nces in activity. r.sults: The activities of the alcohols showed mar.ed concentr.tion dependence, and both showed peak activity at 85%-95% concentr.tion r.nge. Over.the concentr.tion r.nge of 60%-100%, isopr.pyl alcohol inhibited mor. bacter.al and fungal or.anisms than ethanol, though the inhibition zone diameter. it pr.duced wer. not statistically differ.nt fr.m those of ethanol for.or.anisms which wer. sensitive to both of *** of glycer.n r.duced the antimicr.bial activities of the isopr.pyl alcohol, as shown by r.duction in the inhibition zone diameter. pr.duced in vitr., which may be due to r.duced dr.g diffusion with incr.ase in viscosity. Addition of benzalkonium to isopr.pyl alcohol systems impr.ved the activity of the alcohol, but the over.ll activity of the combination was not super.or.to that seen in the use of benzalkonium alone. Conclusion: Alcohol-based hand sanitizer. should not be used outside the concentr.tion r.nge of 85%-95% and isopr.pyl alcohol inhibits mor. bacter.al and fungal or.anisms than ethanol for.most concentr.tions. Inclusion of benzalkonium impr.ves the antimicr.bial spectr.m and activity of isopr.pyl alcohol, and the combination may justifiably be used to achieve both immediate and long lasting effect. Glycer.n may adver.ely affect the an

关键词： Infection contr.l Disinfection Hand sanitizer Alcohol Optimization