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Physicochemical Characterisation of Flours from Local Cereals and Powder from Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Leaves Varieties Cultivated in the Northern-Cameroon in Order to Supplement Infant Flours

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2009-2026页

作者： Mathieu Barbi charles Touwang Emmanuel Panyoo Akdowa Augustin Goudoum Armand Abdou Bouba Department of Agriculture Livestock and Derivated Products National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Food Technology and Post-Harvest Laboratory of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries University of Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroon

The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the cereals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern Cameroon was done by using 447 mothers having children between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished children. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant cereals and Cassava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional Centre of Agricultural Research (CRRA) of Wakwa and local population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjected to chemical composition analysis. Parameters analysed were crude proteins, total carbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total carotenoids, vitamin C or cyanide. Also Iron, calcium and zinc were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main cereal used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respectively by red sorghum, white rice and muskwari. Ten cassava varieties were identified: three (03) by CRRA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by local population. Amongst cereals flour, those from white maize indicated high protein (10.09%), carbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) contents. The powder from 96/14/14 cassava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), calcium (751.02 g/100g) and low cyanide content (1.21 ppm) amongst all the cassava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by cassava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety could therefore be recommended for the preparation of infant flours.

关键词： Infant Flour Cereals Flour Cassava Leaves Powder Chemical Composition Northern Cameroon

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Soil metabolomics:Deciphering underground metabolic webs in terrestrial ecosystems

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Eco-Environment & Health 2024年第2期3卷 227-237页

作者： Yang Song Shi Yao Xiaona Li Tao Wang Xin Jiang Nanthi Bolan charles R.Warren Trent R.Northen Scott X.Chang State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Environment and Ecology Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 225127China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western AustraliaNedlandWA-6009Australia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaNedlandWA-6009Australia Healthy Environments and Lives(HEAL)National Research Network Australia School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of SydneyHeydon-Laurence Building A08NSW 2006Australia Environmental Genomics and System Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RdBerkeleyCA 94720USA Joint Genome Institute Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Renewable Resources University of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2E3Canada

Soil metabolomics is an emerging approach for profiling diverse small molecule metabolites,i.e.,metabolomes,in the *** metabolites,including fatty acids,amino acids,lipids,organic acids,sugars,and volatile organic compounds,often contain essential nutrients such as nitrogen,phosphorus,and sulfur and are directly linked to soil biogeochemical cycles driven by soil *** paper presents an overview of methods for analyzing soil metabolites and the state-of-the-art of soil metabolomics in relation to soil nutrient *** describe important applications of metabolomics in studying soil carbon cycling and sequestration,and the response of soil organic pools to changing environmental *** includes using metabolomics to provide new insights into the close relationships between soil microbiome and metabolome,as well as responses of soil metabolome to plant and environmental stresses such as soil *** also highlight the advantage of using soil metabolomics to study the biogeochemical cycles of elements and suggest that future research needs to better understand factors driving soil function and health.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter Carbon cycling Metabolomes Extraction method Soil microbiome Rhizosphere ecology

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Statistical evaluation of 571 GaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using cryogenic on-chip multiplexing

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 21-28页

作者： Pengcheng Ma Kaveh Delfanazari Reuben K.Puddy Jiahui Li Moda Cao Teng Yi Jonathan P.Griffiths Harvey E.Beere David A.Ritchie Michael J.Kelly charles G.Smith Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK James Watt School of Engineering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Electrical Engineering Division University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK

Themass production and the practical number of cryogenic quantum devices producible in a single chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring of the cryostat or dilution *** is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a single chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integrability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and ***,we used a cryogenic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investigated the statistics of the 0.7 anomaly observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)*** single chips contain 256 split gate field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and gate pads,allowing individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled through an electrostatic gate voltage process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of GaAs *** the measurements of 571 functioning QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our ***,some of the features in our data largely agreed with van Hove model with short-range *** approach provides further insight into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic origin of the 0.7 anomaly in QFETs,paving the way for the development of semiconducting quantum circuits and integrated cryogenic electronics,for scalable quantum logic control,readout,synthesis,and processing applications.

关键词： Cryogenic chip Cryogenic quantum multiplexer Semi-conductor quantum integrated circuit Quantumﬁeld effect transistors Quantum point contacts Chip-scale cryogenic electronics

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老古玩店

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英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第4期 14-17页

作者： charles Dickens

《老古玩店老古玩店》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯18401840-1841年发表的长篇小说表的长篇小说，被誉为“维多利亚时期的忧伤”。老古玩店店主吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命。吐伦...

《老古玩店老古玩店》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯18401840-1841年发表的长篇小说表的长篇小说，被誉为“维多利亚时期的忧伤”。老古玩店店主吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命。吐伦特想让不满14岁的外孙女过上更好的生活岁的外孙女过上更好的生活，却落入高利贷暴发户丹尼尔尼尔·奎尔普的魔爪。贪得无厌的奎尔普不仅夺走了老古玩店店，还想夺取美丽的小耐儿。祖孙二人被迫逃离伦敦，过着四处乞讨的生活处乞讨的生活。本文节选自全书的第一章。

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海地农民绝境重生

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第5期 6-8,38,39页

作者： Jacqueline charles 不详

旱地再次肥沃,贫农重获生机。卷心菜和南瓜贴地而生,木瓜高挂枝头,工人们在刚翻过的土壤中种下成排的辣椒。年前,如此繁茂的景观对于法兰兹·蒙歇来说根本就是无法想象的事。他从事农业劳动,同时也是七个孩子的父亲,但是之前他甚至连火... 详细信息

旱地再次肥沃,贫农重获生机。卷心菜和南瓜贴地而生,木瓜高挂枝头,工人们在刚翻过的土壤中种下成排的辣椒。年前,如此繁茂的景观对于法兰兹·蒙歇来说根本就是无法想象的事。他从事农业劳动,同时也是七个孩子的父亲,但是之前他甚至连火红的哈瓦那辣椒都种不出来,因为它们总是很快就枯死了。

关键词：木瓜卷心菜辣椒农业劳动南瓜

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混合动力车辆加速工况发动机介入抖动的分析与优化

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期64卷 552-561页

作者：廉玉波刘云卿 Zhang charles 张荣荣比亚迪汽车工业有限公司深圳518118

混合动力车辆在电池电量较低、城市路况拥堵的情况下行驶时,为保持电池电量,发动机会频繁地启动发电,从而引起整车抖动问题。该文建立了混动总成发动机介入抖动的物理模型,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法,研究了混动车加速过程中发动机介... 详细信息

混合动力车辆在电池电量较低、城市路况拥堵的情况下行驶时,为保持电池电量,发动机会频繁地启动发电,从而引起整车抖动问题。该文建立了混动总成发动机介入抖动的物理模型,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法,研究了混动车加速过程中发动机介入瞬间的抖动产生及路径传递机理。结果表明:发动机介入瞬间的抖动出现在发动机点火之前的集成启动发电一体化发电机(integrated starter generator, ISG)倒拖发动机阶段,其抖动水平由第一循环缸压峰值大小决定;混动总成瞬时刚体模态和传动系扭转模态耦合作用提高了发动机介入抖动水平,并将抖动通过动力总成悬置传递至车身。基于该结论,提出了传动系和动力总成模态解耦原则与优化悬置限位结构2项优化措施,并结合整车测试验证了所提措施有效。

关键词：混合动力发动机介入抖动第一循环缸压模态耦合动力总成悬置

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骨骼干细胞表观遗传调控的新证据（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期 2004-2006页

作者：赵黎明肖骏 charles K.F.Chan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Surgery Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Skeletal stem cells (SSCs) are crucial for skeletal development and regeneration, yet the epigenetic regulation of these cells remains poorly understood. Recent studies have delineated the epigenetic landscape across the developmental trajectory of SSCs,highlighting the involvement of Ptip in regulating SSC *** skeletal system undergoes dynamic remodeling throughout life. Skeletal stem cells (SSCs), residing within the skeleton and lineage-restricted, serve as a cellular reserve to foster development and maintain skeletal homeostasis. Historically categorized within the broader mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs), SSCs have been differentiated due to MSCs’ recognized heterogeneity, which has generated inconsistencies and controversies in the field [1].

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Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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黄龙病侵染增强沙糖橘对柑橘木虱吸引作用机制的初步研究

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应用昆虫学报 2024年第2期61卷 390-400页

作者：黄克志杨玉枝闫梦梦 George Andrew charles BEATTIE 徐长宝岑伊静华南农业大学柑橘黄龙病研究室绿色农药全国重点实验室广东岭南职业技术学院 School of Science and Health Western Sydney University

【目的】黄龙病是柑橘最严重的传染性病害，柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的媒介昆虫。与健康橘树相比，感染黄龙病的橘树对木虱的吸引作用显著增强，本研究目的是探明病树挥发物的改变是否与此现象有关。【方法】在前期... 详细信息

【目的】黄龙病是柑橘最严重的传染性病害，柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的媒介昆虫。与健康橘树相比，感染黄龙病的橘树对木虱的吸引作用显著增强，本研究目的是探明病树挥发物的改变是否与此现象有关。【方法】在前期分析健康和染病沙糖橘Citrus reticulate ***. Shatangju嫩梢挥发物成分变化的基础上，分别在室内外测定部分差异较大的化合物单体标样及其混合物对柑橘木虱的吸引效果。【结果】雌虫对α-蒎烯（1μL/mL）、γ-萜品烯（0.01μL/mL）和芳樟醇（0.1μL/mL）具有显著的正趋性，但对柠檬烯各浓度均未表现出明显的趋性；雄虫对4种单体标样所有浓度均未表现出显著的趋性。将各种化合物按其有效浓度混合后，雌虫对6种混合物均有显著的正趋性，其中，对γ-萜品烯（0.2μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（0.8μL/mL）+芳樟醇（0.3μL/mL）具有极显著正趋向选择；雄虫对4种混合物有显著的正趋性。将化合物单体及其混合物作为诱剂，在九里香Murraya paniculata L.上测定其诱集效果。结果表明，单一物质均无显著效果，但15种混合物中有5种诱到的木虱数量显著多于对照。将其中3种混合物γ-萜品烯（20μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（80μL/mL）+芳樟醇（30μL/mL）、γ-萜品烯（2μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（8μL/mL）+芳樟醇（3μL/mL）和γ-萜品烯（20μL/mL）+芳樟醇（30μL/mL）在橘园进行测试，结果表明，3种诱剂诱到的木虱数量均显著增加。【结论】α-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯含量增加可能是沙糖橘病树对木虱吸引作用增强的部分原因，这些物质有望用于制备柑橘木虱的引诱剂，但其最佳配比还有待进一步研究。

关键词：柑橘木虱黄龙病沙糖橘寄主挥发物引诱剂

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The siphonic energy transfer between hot solar wind and cold martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 882-889页

作者： Xiaojun Xu Lou-Chuang Lee Qi Xu Qing Chang Jing Wang Ming Wang Shaosui Xu Christian Mosti charles J.Farrugia Xing Wang Yudong Ye Zilu Zhou Lei Luo Peishan He Shaoguan Cheng State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Earth Science Academia SinicaTaipei 115029China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210000China Space ScienceLaboratory Universityof CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94320USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8010Austria University of New Hampshire NH 03824USA

A mechanism for energy transfer from the solar wind to the Martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope is proposed based on the observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN).The satellite was located in the dayside magnetosheath at an altitude of about 70o km above the northern *** between the hot solar wind protons and the cold heavy ions/neutrals in the subsolar region can cool the protons and heat the heavy *** a result,the magnetosheath protons are siphoned into the ionosphere due to the thermal pressure gradient of protons and the heated heavy ions escape along the open magnetic field *** direct collisions in the lower-altitude region were not detected,this physical process is demonstrated by MAVEN measurements of enhanced proton density,decreased proton temperature and oppositely directed motions of hot and cool protons within the flux rope,which are very different from the observational features of the flux transfer events near the Earth's *** mechanism could universally exist in many contexts where a collisionless plasma region is connected to a collisional plasma *** reconstructing the magnetic geometry and the cross-section of the flux rope using the Grad-Shafranov technique,the ion loss rates are quantitatively estimated to be on the order of 1023 s-l,which is much higher than previously estimated.

关键词： Mars Flux rope Solarwind Ionosphere Ion loss

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