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混合动力车辆加速工况发动机介入抖动的分析与优化

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清华大学学报（自然科学版） 2024年第3期64卷 552-561页

作者：廉玉波刘云卿 Zhang charles 张荣荣比亚迪汽车工业有限公司深圳518118

混合动力车辆在电池电量较低、城市路况拥堵的情况下行驶时,为保持电池电量,发动机会频繁地启动发电,从而引起整车抖动问题。该文建立了混动总成发动机介入抖动的物理模型,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法,研究了混动车加速过程中发动机介... 详细信息

混合动力车辆在电池电量较低、城市路况拥堵的情况下行驶时,为保持电池电量,发动机会频繁地启动发电,从而引起整车抖动问题。该文建立了混动总成发动机介入抖动的物理模型,采用仿真和实验相结合的方法,研究了混动车加速过程中发动机介入瞬间的抖动产生及路径传递机理。结果表明:发动机介入瞬间的抖动出现在发动机点火之前的集成启动发电一体化发电机(integrated starter generator, ISG)倒拖发动机阶段,其抖动水平由第一循环缸压峰值大小决定;混动总成瞬时刚体模态和传动系扭转模态耦合作用提高了发动机介入抖动水平,并将抖动通过动力总成悬置传递至车身。基于该结论,提出了传动系和动力总成模态解耦原则与优化悬置限位结构2项优化措施,并结合整车测试验证了所提措施有效。

关键词：混合动力发动机介入抖动第一循环缸压模态耦合动力总成悬置

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黄龙病侵染增强沙糖橘对柑橘木虱吸引作用机制的初步研究

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应用昆虫学报 2024年第2期 390-400页

作者：黄克志杨玉枝闫梦梦 George Andrew charles BEATTIE 徐长宝岑伊静华南农业大学柑橘黄龙病研究室绿色农药全国重点实验室广东岭南职业技术学院 School of Science and Health Western Sydney University

【目的】黄龙病是柑橘最严重的传染性病害，柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的媒介昆虫。与健康橘树相比，感染黄龙病的橘树对木虱的吸引作用显著增强，本研究目的是探明病树挥发物的改变是否与此现象有关。【方法】在前期... 详细信息

【目的】黄龙病是柑橘最严重的传染性病害，柑橘木虱Diaphorina citri Kuwayama是黄龙病的媒介昆虫。与健康橘树相比，感染黄龙病的橘树对木虱的吸引作用显著增强，本研究目的是探明病树挥发物的改变是否与此现象有关。【方法】在前期分析健康和染病沙糖橘Citrus reticulate ***. Shatangju嫩梢挥发物成分变化的基础上，分别在室内外测定部分差异较大的化合物单体标样及其混合物对柑橘木虱的吸引效果。【结果】雌虫对α-蒎烯（1μL/mL）、γ-萜品烯（0.01μL/mL）和芳樟醇（0.1μL/mL）具有显著的正趋性，但对柠檬烯各浓度均未表现出明显的趋性；雄虫对4种单体标样所有浓度均未表现出显著的趋性。将各种化合物按其有效浓度混合后，雌虫对6种混合物均有显著的正趋性，其中，对γ-萜品烯（0.2μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（0.8μL/mL）+芳樟醇（0.3μL/mL）具有极显著正趋向选择；雄虫对4种混合物有显著的正趋性。将化合物单体及其混合物作为诱剂，在九里香Murraya paniculata L.上测定其诱集效果。结果表明，单一物质均无显著效果，但15种混合物中有5种诱到的木虱数量显著多于对照。将其中3种混合物γ-萜品烯（20μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（80μL/mL）+芳樟醇（30μL/mL）、γ-萜品烯（2μL/mL）+α-蒎烯（8μL/mL）+芳樟醇（3μL/mL）和γ-萜品烯（20μL/mL）+芳樟醇（30μL/mL）在橘园进行测试，结果表明，3种诱剂诱到的木虱数量均显著增加。【结论】α-蒎烯、γ-萜品烯含量增加可能是沙糖橘病树对木虱吸引作用增强的部分原因，这些物质有望用于制备柑橘木虱的引诱剂，但其最佳配比还有待进一步研究。

关键词：柑橘木虱黄龙病沙糖橘寄主挥发物引诱剂

Aging impairs the osteocytic regulation of collagen integrity and bone quality

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 78-94页

作者： charles A.Schurman Serra Kaya Neha Dole Nadja M.Maldonado Luna Natalia Castillo Ryan Potter Jacob P.Rose Joanna Bons Christina D.King Jordan B.Burton Birgit Schilling Simon Melov Simon Tang Eric Schaible Tamara Alliston Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCA 94143USA UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering San FranciscoCA 94143USA Buck Institute for Research on Aging NovatoCA 94945USA Washington University in St Louis Department of OrthopedicsSt.LouisMO 63130USA Advanced Light Source Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Poor bone quality is a major factor in skeletal fragility in elderly *** molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain bone quality,independent of bone mass,are unknown but are thought to be primarily determined by *** hypothesize that the age-related decline in bone quality results from the suppression of osteocyte perilacunar/canalicular remodeling(PLR),which maintains bone material *** examined bones from young and aged mice with osteocyte-intrinsic repression of TGFβsignaling(TβRII^(ocy−/−))that suppresses *** control aged bone displayed decreased TGFβsignaling and PLR,but aging did not worsen the existing PLR suppression in male TβRII^(ocy−/−)*** relationship impacted the behavior of collagen material at the nanoscale and tissue scale in macromechanical *** effects of age on bone mass,density,and mineral material behavior were independent of osteocytic TGFβ.We determined that the decline in bone quality with age arises from the loss of osteocyte function and the loss of TGFβ-dependent maintenance of collagen integrity.

关键词： maintain primarily integrity

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The siphonic energy transfer between hot solar wind and cold martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 882-889页

作者： Xiaojun Xu Lou-Chuang Lee Qi Xu Qing Chang Jing Wang Ming Wang Shaosui Xu Christian Mosti charles J.Farrugia Xing Wang Yudong Ye Zilu Zhou Lei Luo Peishan He Shaoguan Cheng State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China CNSA Macao Center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Earth Science Academia SinicaTaipei 115029China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210000China Space ScienceLaboratory Universityof CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94320USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8010Austria University of New Hampshire NH 03824USA

A mechanism for energy transfer from the solar wind to the Martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope is proposed based on the observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN).The satellite was located in the dayside magnetosheath at an altitude of about 70o km above the northern *** between the hot solar wind protons and the cold heavy ions/neutrals in the subsolar region can cool the protons and heat the heavy *** a result,the magnetosheath protons are siphoned into the ionosphere due to the thermal pressure gradient of protons and the heated heavy ions escape along the open magnetic field *** direct collisions in the lower-altitude region were not detected,this physical process is demonstrated by MAVEN measurements of enhanced proton density,decreased proton temperature and oppositely directed motions of hot and cool protons within the flux rope,which are very different from the observational features of the flux transfer events near the Earth's *** mechanism could universally exist in many contexts where a collisionless plasma region is connected to a collisional plasma *** reconstructing the magnetic geometry and the cross-section of the flux rope using the Grad-Shafranov technique,the ion loss rates are quantitatively estimated to be on the order of 1023 s-l,which is much higher than previously estimated.

关键词： Mars Flux rope Solarwind Ionosphere Ion loss

Assessing Community Health Interventions in Reducing Infant and Child Mortality in the Southeastern Benin

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2024年第1期14卷 17-28页

作者： charles Sossa Jerome Daouda Gbadamassi Lamidhi Salami Colette Azandjeme Clémence Metonnou Moussiliou N. Paraiso Health Promotion Department Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin National Medical and Sanitary Institute University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Health Policy and Systems Department Regional Institute of Public Health University of Abomey-Calavi Ouidah Benin

Background: To reduce infant and child mortality in Benin, a package of high-impact interventions per healthcare level was implemented in 2009. This study aimed to assess the quality of community-based health interventions in reducing infant and child mortality within the municipality of Pobè in southeastern Benin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluative study carried out in November 2021 focused on children aged 0 - 59 months, their mothers, health workers, community facilitators, community health workers and the Town Hall health focal point. Mothers and their children were targeted by cluster sampling, and exhaustive selection was used to recruit all other participants. Predetermined scores based on rating criteria were used to assess the quality of community health interventions using the “input, process and outcome” of Donabedian approach. Results: Over 300 mother-child couples, 46 community health workers, 7 health agents, 1 community facilitator and 1 health focal point from Pobè town hall were surveyed. Intervention quality was judged as “average”, with a score of 73.80%. The “inputs” and “outcomes” components were the weakest links. Conclusion: Improving access to the inputs needed by community health workers can enhance the quality of PIHI interventions.

关键词： Community-Based Interventions Infant and Child Mortality Benin

Microbiological Quality of Cyperus esculentus L. Products Sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso (Burkina Faso)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第3期14卷 635-642页

作者： Zénabou Semdé Passinguemsin Alice Sonia Tiendrebeogo Bahanla Edwige Oboulbiga charles Parkouda Hagrétou Sawadogo Lingani Laboratoire des Sciences et Technologies des Aliments et Nutrition Département technologie alimentaire IRSAT CNRST Ouagadougou Burkina Faso

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of tiger nut (Cyperus esculentus L.) products sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso. The microbial load of tubers and tiger nut milk was determined using ISO 4833-1 (2003) standard (total mesophilic aerobic flora), NF ISO 7954 (1998) standard (yeasts and molds), and ISO 4832 (2006) standard (total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms). The results showed that tiger nut tubers had an average microbial load between 4.86 ± 7.03 × 106 UFC/g and 1.82 ± 2.30 × 107 UFC/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 4.34 ± 10.6 × 105 UFC/g to 3.52 ± 4.54 × 106 UFC/g for yeasts and molds, from 2.23 ± 2.25 × 105 UFC/g to 1.41 ± 2.16 × 105 UFC/g for total coliforms and from 1.83 ± 2.03 × 105 UFC/g to 7.0 ± 10.8 × 104 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. For tiger nut milk samples, the average microbial load varied from 3.48 ± 2.98 × 106 CFU/g to 2.80 ± 5.69 × 107 CFU/g for total mesophilic aerobic flora, from 5.00 ± 7.21 × 104 CFU/g to 1.88 ± 3.31 × 105 CFU/g for yeasts and molds, from 4.58 ± 10.4 × 104 CFU/g to 6.31 ± 9.17 × 105 CFU/g for total coliforms and 7.00 ± 7.00 × 103 CFU/g to 2.87 ± 5.86 × 105 CFU/g for thermotolerant coliforms. This study revealed that the tubers and tiger nut milk sold in Ouagadougou and Bobo Dioulasso had a high microbial load which could lead to the degradation of these products and food poisoning for consumers.

关键词： Cyperus esculentus L. Tiger Nut Tubers Tiger Nut Milk Microbiological Quality

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Essential Oil Extracts in the Control of Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) in Cashew Orchards in Badikaha (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 93-104页

作者： Adama Coulibaly Magloire Yves Minhibo charles Konan Kouakou Sylvain Bi Tra Djata Sanogo Lassina Fondio Mudde Barnabas National Agricultural Research Center (CNRA) Korhogo Regional Division Lataha Research Station Cashew Mango Papaya Program Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Agricultural Production Improvement Laboratory Jean Lorougnon Gu&#233d&#233 University Daloa C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Lira Uganda

Cashew tree has gradually moved from a purely ecological aspect to a socio-economic one, due to the marketing of its nuts. But production per area, estimated at between 424 and 547 kg/ha, remains low, in contrast to India (2nd largest producer) and Vietnam (3rd largest producer), whose yields range from 1000 to 1500 and 2000 to 2500 kg/ha respectively. This low yield is due to a number of factors, among which insect pests are the most damaging. Among these insects, termites are considered to be one of the main pests of cashew trees. The general objective of this study is to contribute to termite management through the use of bioinsecticides, an alternative to the use of chemicals in cashew orchards. Five (5) biological products were tested: Limocide, Carapa oil, Neem oil, Kitana and Kaskara. Among them, two products proved effective, with a mortality rate of over 50%. These were Limocide, whose LC50 was obtained in 24 h at a dose of 3.6 g/ml and 3.1 g/ml , giving a mortality rate of 57.66% ± 4.04% and 51.33 ± 2.08 respectively , and Carapa, at a dose of 4.5 g/ml, with an estimated mortality rate of 52.33% ± 1.52%. Such results have demonstrated the potential application of Limocide and Carapa biopesticides to sustainably control termites in cashew orchards of Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Termite Pest Organic Products Cashew Tree Côte d’Ivoire

The secondary injury cascade after spinal cord injury: an analysis of local cytokine/chemokine regulation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1308-1317页

作者： Daniel J.Hellenbrand charles M.Quinn Zachariah J.Piper Ryan T.Elder Raveena R.Mishra Taylor L.Marti Phoebe M.Omuro Rylie M.Roddick Jae Sung Lee William L.Murphy Amgad S.Hanna Department of Neurosurgery University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-Madison Forward BIO Institute University of Wisconsin-Madison

After spinal cord injury, there is an extensive infiltration of immune cells, which exacerbates the injury and leads to further neural degeneration. Therefore, a major aim of current research involves targeting the immune response as a treatment for spinal cord injury. Although much research has been performed analyzing the complex inflammatory process following spinal cord injury, there remain major discrepancies within previous literature regarding the timeline of local cytokine regulation. The objectives of this study were to establish an overview of the timeline of cytokine regulation for 2 weeks after spinal cord injury, identify sexual dimorphisms in terms of cytokine levels, and determine local cytokines that significantly change based on the severity of spinal cord injury. Rats were inflicted with either a mild contusion, moderate contusion, severe contusion, or complete transection, 7 mm of spinal cord centered on the injury was harvested at varying times post-injury, and tissue homogenates were analyzed with a Cytokine/Chemokine 27-Plex assay. Results demonstrated pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were all upregulated after spinal cord injury, but returned to uninjured levels within approximately 24 hours post-injury, while chemokines including monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 remained upregulated for days post-injury. In contrast, several anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors including interleukin-10 and vascular endothelial growth factor were downregulated by 7 days post-injury. After spinal cord injury, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, which specifically affects astrocytes involved in glial scar development, increased more than all other cytokines tested, reaching 26.9-fold higher than uninjured rats. After a mild injury, 11 cytokines demonstrated sexual dimorphisms; however, after a severe contusion only leptin levels were different between female and male rats. In conclus

关键词： astrocytes chemokines cytokines inflammation macrophages microglia secondary damage spinal cord injury

Three-dimensional analysis of age and sex differences in femoral head asphericity in asymptomatic hips in the United States

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第8期15卷 754-763页

作者： Mahad M Hassan Aliya G Feroe Brenton W Douglass Andrew E Jimenez Benjamin Kuhns charles F Mitchell Robert L Parisien Daniel A Maranho Eduardo N Novais Young-Jo Kim Ata M Kiapour Department of Orthopedic Surgery University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery TRIA Orthopaedic CenterBloomingtonMN 55122United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Boston Children’s HospitalBostonMA 02115United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55901United States Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation Yale School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery American Hip Institute Research FoundationDes PlainesIL 60018United States Department of Orthopedic Surgery Mount SinaiNew YorkNY 10029United States Department of Biomechanics Medicineand Rehabilitation of the Locomotor SystemRibeirao Preto Medical SchoolUniversity of São PauloRibeirao Preto 14048-900São PauloBrazil

BACKGROUND The sphericity of the femoral head is a metric used to evaluate hip pathologies and is associated with the development of osteoarthritis and femoral-acetabular *** To analyze the three-dimensional asphericity of the femoral head of asymptomatic pediatric *** hypothesized that femoral head asphericity will vary significantly between male and female pediatric hips and increase with age in both *** Computed tomography scans were obtained on 158 children and adolescents from a single institution in the United States(8-18 years;50%male)without hip *** femoral measurements including the femoral head diameter,femoral head volume,residual volume,asphericity index,and local diameter difference were used to evaluate femoral head *** In both sexes,the residual volume increased by age(P13 years)in females,there were no sex-differences in residual volume and aspherity *** were no age-related changes in mean diameter difference in both sexes(P=0.07)with no significant sex-differences across different age groups(P=0.06).In contrast,there were significant increases in local aspherity(maximum diameter difference)across whole surface of the femoral head and all quadrants except the inferior regions in males(P=0.03).There were no sex-differences in maximum diameter difference at any regions and age group(P>0.05).Increased alpha angle was only correlated to increased mean diameter difference across overall surface of the femoral head(P=0.024).CONCLUSION There is a substantial localized asphericity in asymptomatic hips which increases with age *** 2D measured alpha angle can capture overall asphericity of the femoral head,it may not be sensitive enough to represent regional asphericity patterns.

关键词： Hip Femoral head Sphericity Skeletal growth Sex differences