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心理与行为研究 2009年第1期7卷 1-20页

作者： charles Crawfordt Department of Psychology Simon Fraser University Burnaby BC V5A Academy of Psychology and Behavior Tianjin Normal UniversityTianjin 300074

The central purpose of this paper is to explain how Darwin′s theory of evolution by natural selection can be used in understanding current human behaviour. First, Darwin′s logic is briefly described. Development is an important issue when applying evolutionary theory to human behaviour. The notion of innate developmental organization of psychological mechanisms is introduced. The possible social and political outcomes produced when different levels of innate developmental organization are paired with different beliefs about it are considered. The notion of psychological mechanisms as evolved adaptations is considered in some detail. Then I discuss different ways evolutionists think about how genes are involved in the development of adaptations. The paper concludes with a framework for considering how ancestral adaptations function in current environments and outlines some ways of studying them. In China and many other parts of the world people desire a more harmonious society. I hope that this paper will be of some small help in achieving this great task.

关键词：进化心理学行为研究先天性遗传基因

STRATEGIES　OF　MYOCARDIAL　PROTECTION　DURING　CARDIAC　SURGERY

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Chinese Medical Journal 1996年第12期109卷 8-13页

作者： charles C.Hsi Rusel F.Stahl Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Massachusetts Medical Center Worcester Massachusetts

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关键词： BLOOD CARDIOPLEGIA ADENOSINE CATABOLISM RECOVERY ISCHEMIA HEARTS WARM FLOW

APPROXIMATION OF COMMON FIXED POINT OF FAMILIES OF NONLINEAR MAPPINGS WITH APPLICATIONS

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2015年第5期35卷 1225-1240页

作者： Eric U.OFOEDU charles E.ONYI Department of Mathematics Nnamdi Azikiwe University

It is our purpose in this paper to show that some results obtained in uniformly convex real Banach space with uniformly Gateaux differentiable norm are extendable to more general reflexive and strictly convex real Banach space with uniformly G＆teaux differentiable norm. Demicompactness condition imposed in such results is dispensed with. Furthermore, Applications of our theorems to approximation of common fixed point of countable infinite family of continuous pseudocontractive mappings and approximation of common solution of countable infinite family of generalized mixed equilibrium problems are also discussed. Our theorems improve, generalize, unify and extend several recently announced results.

关键词： nonexpansive mappings, reflexive real Banach spaces fixed point uniformly Aateaux differentiable norm

Release, Recycle, Rebuild： Cell-Wall Remodeling, Autodegradation, and Sugar Salvage for New Wall Biosynthesis during Plant Development

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 31-46页

作者： William J. Barnes charles T. Anderson Department of Biology Center for Ugnocellulose Structure and Formation The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA

Plant cell walls contain elaborate polysaccharide networks and regulate plant growth, development, mechanics, cell-cell communication and adhesion, and defense. Despite conferring rigidity to support plant structures, the cell wall is a dynamic extracellular matrix that is modified, reorganized, and degraded to tightly control its properties during growth and development. Far from being a terminal carbon sink, many wall polymers can be degraded and recycled by plant cells, either via direct re-incorporation by trans- glycosylation or via internalization and metabolic salvage of wall-derived sugars to produce new precur- sors for wall synthesis. However, the physiological and metabolic contributions of wall recycling to plant growth and development are largely undefined. In this review, we discuss long-standing and recent evi- dence supporting the occurrence of cell-wall recycling in plants, make predictions regarding the develop- mental processes to which wall recycling might contribute, and identify outstanding questions and emerging experimental tools that might be used to address these questions and enhance our understanding of this poorly characterized aspect of wall dynamics and metabolism.

关键词： Plant cell walls wall degradation wall recycling wall biosynthesis

Defining hydroclimatic regions using daily rainfall characteristics in the southern Appalachian Mountains

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第7期13卷 785-802页

作者： Johnathan W.Sugg charles E.KonradII Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State UniversityBooneNCUSA Department of Geography University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNCUSA

This paper addresses warm season hydroclimatic variability in the southern Appalachian region of the southeastern U.S.,where precipitation can vary as much as 127 mm or more,with maximum seasonal totals exceeding 736 mm in extreme *** the occurrence of droughts,floods,and their socioecological impacts,hydroclimate variability is still poorly *** study characterizes the regional scale variations in the hydroclimate by examining the daily distribution of precipitation patterns in different topographic ***-elevation relationships on independent slopes model(PRISM)gridded precipitation estimates are used to identify the location and frequency of different types of rainfall *** types of clustering algorithms are used as a regionalization approach to define areas where the precipitation regime exhibits similarities in its frequency of *** results are compared with internal validation statistics and a visualization is used to assess how well the resulting hydroclimatic regions align with different topographic *** study reveals the intricate spatial footprint of dry and wet regimes and demonstrates how clustering applications can be used with gridded climate data to determine where extremes are most likely to develop across mountain catchments.

关键词： Hydroclimatology precipitation cluster analysis data mining visualization

Afforestation,restoration and regeneration——Not all trees are created equal

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第1期25卷 3-20页

作者： Shaneka S.Lawson charles H.Michler USDA Forest Service Northern Research StationHardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center (HTIRC)Purdue UniversityDepartment of Forestry and Natural Resources

Undulations in weather patterns have caused climate shifts of increased frequency and duration around the world. The need for additional research and model data on this pressing problem has resulted in a plethora of research groups examining a particular tree species or biome for negative effects of climate change. This review aims to （1） collect and merge recent research data on regeneration within old- and new-growth forests, （2） highlight and expand upon selected topics for additional discussion, and （3） report how shade tolerance, drought toler- ance, and inherent plasticity affect tree growth and development. Al- though shade and drought tolerance have been well studied by a number of research groups, this review reveals that in-depth analysis of a single or a few species in a given area will not generate the data required to implement a successful regeneration plan. Studies using historical accounts of previous species composition, information regarding site sea- sonality, species competition, and individual responses to drought and shade are needed to （1） develop best management plans and （2） ensure future modeling experiments are focused on a greater variety of species using more innovative methods to evaluate climate change effects.

关键词： Climate change shade tolerance drought tolerance canopy gaps invasive species

A Web-based system enabling the integration,analysis,and 3D sub-surface visualization of groundwater monitoring data and geological models

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 197-214页

作者： Jane Hunter charles Brooking Lucy Reading Sue Vink School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering(ITEE) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia Centre for Water in the Minerals Industry(CWIMI) The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

The 3D Water Chemistry Atlas is an intuitive,open source,Web-based system that enables the three-dimensional(3D)sub-surface visualization of ground water monitoring data,overlaid on the local geological model(formation and aquifer strata).This paper firstly describes the results of evaluating existing virtual globe technologies,which led to the decision to use the Cesium open source WebGL Virtual Globe and Map Engine as the underlying *** it describes the backend database and search,filtering,browse and analysis tools that were developed to enable users to interactively explore the groundwater monitoring data and interpret it spatially and temporally relative to the local geological formations and aquifers via the Cesium *** result is an integrated 3D visualization system that enables environmental managers and regulators to assess groundwater conditions,identify inconsistencies in the data,manage impacts and risks and make more informed decisions about coal seam gas extraction,waste water extraction,and water reuse.

关键词： 3D sub-surface visualization groundwater geological model

The Study of American Litesauure: “Go West, Young Man”

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四川外语学院学报 2005年第5期21卷 1-9页

作者： charles Peek University of Nebraska USA

After some background history of literacy and literacy study in America, the author comments on the current state of the schoolarly study of American literature, including some remarks about where the study of literat... 详细信息

关键词：美国文化背景知识文学研究文学创作

ENHANCED FLUORESCENCE IMAGING WITH DMSO-MEDIATED OPTICAL CLEARING

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2010年第3期3卷 153-158页

作者： SANJEEV KARMA JAMES HOMAN charles STOIANOVICI BERNARD CHOI Department of Biomedical Engineering University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Developmental and Cell Biology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA Department of Chemistry University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Beckman Laser Institute University of California IrvineCA 92612USA Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology University of California IrvineCA 92697USA

Recent studies have demonstrated that topical application of glycerol on intact skin does not affect its optical scattering *** from our research group recently revisited the use of dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)as an agent with optical clearing *** address the use of optical clearing to enhance quantitation of subsurface fluorescence *** employed both in vitro and in vivo model systems to study the effect of topical DMSO application on fluorescence *** in vitro experiments performed on a tissue-simulating phantom suggest that DMSO-mediated optical clearing enables enhanced characterization of subsurface *** topical DMSO application,a marked increase in fluorescence emission was *** 30 min,the fluorescence signal at the DMSO-treated site was 9×greater than the contralateral saline-treated *** ratio increased to 13×at 105 min after agent *** summary,DMSO is an effective optical clearing agent for improved fluorescence emission quantitation and warrants further study in preclinical in vivo *** on outcomes from previous clinical studies on the toxicity profile of DMSO,we postulate that clinical application of DMSO as an optical clearing agent,can be performed safely,although further study is warranted.

关键词： Glycerol spectroscopy fluorescein toxicity

Analysis of forestry impacts and biodiversity in two Pyrenean forests through a comparison of moth communities （Lepidoptera, Heterocera）

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Insect Science 2007年第4期14卷 323-338页

作者： CARINE LUOUE charles GERS JACQUES LAUGA NESTOR MARIANO Laboratoire Dynamique de la Biodiversit6 UMR5172CNRS/Universit6Paul SabatierToulouseFrance Institut fur Pharmazie und Molekulare Biotechnologie-Abteilung Biologie Universitat HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany Evolution et Diversit6Biologique UMR 5174 CNRS/Universit6 Paul SabatierToulouseFrance CEAMISH-Universidad Aumnoma EstadoMorelos CuemavacaMorelosCP:62210 Mexico

We have compared the biodiversity variations in moth communities between unmanaged forests and commercial forests in a mountainous environment （Pyrenees France）. The aim was to evaluate the impact of forestry activities on moth diversity. The data collected from the insects were analysed with a Bayesian specific similarity index （noted SSP index） and by statistical biodiversity indexes comparison. It was seen that diversity and richness were decreased in the plantation compared to the unmanaged forest. Interestingly, the composition of the communities of moths was shown to be not only related to the presence/absence of host plants, but also to be in relation with changes in the differences in forest architecture （i.e. the relative coverage by the different vegetation levels）. However, the moth community in the commercial forest still has a high capacity to converge with the moth community present in more natural forests. We report here a list of 177 species of moths, providing information on the distribution of some uncommon species, poorly studied as yet in the Pyrenees.

关键词： biodiversity Lepidoptera Heterocera mountainous forest ecosystems