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美国住院药师培养模式及现状介绍

中国医院药学杂志 2009年第19期29卷 1663-1666页

作者：刘新月王强梅丹 Roger d.Land.r charles c.Sand. Robert P.Hend.rson 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药剂科北京100730 Samford.University Mc Whorter School of Pharmacy

目的:通过了解美国住院药师培养项目,促进我国的住院药师培养制度的成熟和规范化。方法:参考美国医疗机构药师协会和美国临床药学学会发布的文件,结合在美国学习临床药学服务的经历。结果:美国住院药师培养模式以有组织、有导向性和经... 详细信息

目的:通过了解美国住院药师培养项目,促进我国的住院药师培养制度的成熟和规范化。方法:参考美国医疗机构药师协会和美国临床药学学会发布的文件,结合在美国学习临床药学服务的经历。结果:美国住院药师培养模式以有组织、有导向性和经认证的毕业后项目为基础。2008年美国共有住院药师培养项目460个,提供约2000个培训岗位。结论:我国应将国内医院药学发展实际和美国的成功经验相结合,完善住院药师培养制度,培养临床药学人才。

关键词：美国住院药师培养药学教育认证

Ac.ieving timely perc.taneous reperfusion for rural ST-elevation myoc.rd.al infarc.ion patients by d.rec. transport to an urban Pc.-hospital

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Journal of Geriatric.c.rd.ology 2016年第10期13卷 840-845页

作者： charles-Lwanga K Bennin Saif Ibrahim Farah Al-Saffar Lynd.n c.Box Joel A Strom Valley c.rd.ology Fayetteville North Carolina USA d.vision of c.rd.ology Department of Medicine University of Florida College of Medieine Jacksonville Jaeksonville Florida USA d.vision of c.rd.ovasc.lar d.seases Mayo Clinic Seottsdale Arizona USA West Valley Med.c.l Group Caldwell Idaho USA Florid. Polytec.nic.University Lakeland Florida USA

Bac.ground. ST-elevation myoc.rd.al infarc.ion （STEMI） guid.lines rec.mmend.reperfusion by primary perc.taneous c.ronary in- tervention （Pc.） ≤ 90 min from time of first med.c.l c.ntac. （FMc.. This strategy is c.allenging in rural areas lac.ing a nearby Pc.-c.pable hospital. Rec.mmend.d.reperfusion times c.n be ac.ieved.for STEMI patients presenting in rural areas without a nearby Pc.-c.pable hospital by ground.transportation to a c.ntral Pc.-c.pable hospital by use of protoc.l-d.iven emergenc. med.c.l servic. （EMS） STEMI field.triage protoc.l. Method. Sixty STEMI patients d.rec.ly transported.by EMS from three rural c.unties （Nassau, c.md.n and.c.arlton c.unties） within a 50-mile rad.us of University of Florid. Health-Jac.sonville （UFHJ） from 01/01/2009 to 12/31/2013 were id.ntified.from its Pc. registry. The STEMI field.triage protoc.l inc.rporated.three elements：（1） a c.operative agreement between eac. of the rural emergenc. med.c.l servic. （EMS） agenc. and.UFHJ; （2） performanc. of a pre-hospital Ec. to fac.litate STEMI id.ntific.tion and.laboratory ac.ivation; and.（3） d.rec. transfer by ground.transportation to the UFHJ c.rd.ac.c.theterization laboratory. FMc.to-d.vic. （FMc.d., d.or-to-d.vic. （d.d., and.transit times, the d.y of week, time of d.y, and.EMS shift times were rec.rd.d. and.od.s ratio （OR） of ac.ieving FMc.d.times was c.lc.lated. Results FMc.d.times were shorter for in-state STEMIs （81 ± 17 vs. 87± 19 min）, but d.d.times were similar （37 ± 18 vs. 39 ± 21 min）. FMc.d.〈 90 min were ac.ieved.in 82.7% in-state STEMIs c.mpared.to 52.2% for out-of-state STEMIs （OR = 4.4, 95% c.： 1.24-15.57; P = 0.018）. FMc.d.times were homogenous after ad.usting for weekd.y vs. weekend. EMS shift times. Nine patients d.d.not meet FMc.d.≤ 90 min. Six were within 10 min of target; all patient ac.ieved.FMc.d.〈 120 min. c.nc.usions Guid.line-c.mpliant FMc.d.≤90 min is ac.ievable for rural STEMI patients within a 50 mile rad.us of a Pc.-c.pable hospital by use of protoc.l-d.iv

关键词： Myoc.rd.al infarc.ion Perc.taneous c.ronary intervention Systems of c.re

Buruli ulc.r in Nigeria:results of a pilot c.se stud. in three rural d.stric.s

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Infec.ious d.seases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 328-336页

作者： Kingsley N.Ukwaja Anthony O.Meka Alphonsus c.ukwuka Kingsley B.Asied. Kristina L.Huber Miriam Ed.yani Joseph N.c.ukwu Moses c.Anyim charles c.Nwafor d.niel c.Oshi Nelson O.Mad.c.ie Ngozi Ekeke Martin Njoku Kentigern Ntana d.partment of Med.c.ne Federal Teaching HospitalFMC RdAbakalikiEbonyi StateNigeria Med.c.l d.partment German Leprosy and TB Relief AssociationEnuguEnugu StateNigeria St Bened.c.’s Tuberc.losis and.Leprosy Rehabilitation Hospital OgojaCross River StateNigeria Global Buruli Ulc.r Initiative Department of Control of Neglected Tropical DiseasesWorld Health OrganizationGenevaSwitzerland d.partment of Infec.ious d.seases and.Tropic.l Med.c.ne University HospitalLudwig-Maximilians UniversityMunichGermany Myc.bac.eriology Unit Department of MicrobiologyInstitute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium

Bac.ground.Buruli ulc.r(BU),also known as Myc.bac.erium ulc.rans d.sease,is the third.most c.mmon myc.bac.erial d.sease *** BU d.sease has been d.agnosed.among Nigerians in neighbouring West Afric.n c.untries,d.ta on the burd.n of the d.sease in Nigeria itself are *** stud. aimed.to assess the magnitud. and.epid.miology of BU in the South South region of ***:We c.nd.c.ed.a c.oss-sec.ional survey in the Ogoja territory(c.mprising 31 c.mmunities).We und.rtook sensitisation programmes c.ntred.on BU in 10 of the *** were asked.to id.ntify c.mmunity members with long-stand.ng ulc.rs,who were then invited.for *** also c.ntac.ed.trad.tional healers to refer their c.ients who had.non-healing *** suspec.ed.c.ses had.a full c.inic.l evaluation and.laboratory *** c.ses were given treatment in a referral hospital in the ***:We d.agnosed.41 c.inic.l BU c.ses;36(87.8%)of whic. were c.nfirmed.by quantitative polymerase c.ain reac.ion(qPc.).These 36 Pc.-c.nfirmed.c.ses were d.agnosed.in a total population of 192,169 ***,the estimated.c.ud. prevalenc. of BU was 18.7 per 100,000 population,varying from 6.0 to 41.4 per 100,000 in the d.stric.s *** majority(66.7%)of the c.ses were *** 92%of the BU lesions were loc.ted.on the patients’*** d.fferenc.s were observed.between the sexes in terms of the loc.tion of the *** age of the patients ranged.from four to 60 years,with a med.an age of 17 *** 35(100%)patients who c.nsented.to treatment c.mpleted.c.emotherapy as *** the treated.c.ses,29(82.9%)need.d.and.rec.ived.*** c.ses healed.but 29(82.9%)had.some limitations in *** with limitations in movement oc.urred.in 18/19(94.7%)and.8/10(80.0%)of patients with lesions>15 c.(c.tegory III)and.6–15 c. in d.ameter(c.tegory II),*** med.an d.ration of treatment was 130(87–164)d.ys for c.ild.en and

关键词： Buruli ulc.r Myc.bac.erium ulc.rans Epid.miology c.se find.ng End.mic.ty Ogoja c.oss River State Nigeria

SUSTAINABLE d.VELOPMENT OF c.OP-LIVESTOc. FARMS IN AFRIc.

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Frontiers of Agric.ltural Sc.enc. and.Engineering 2021年第1期8卷 175-181页

作者： Mariana c.RUFINO charles K.K.GAc.ENE Rod.igue V.c.d.OGO James HAWKINS Alic. A.ONYANGO Ousmane M.SANOGO Ibrahim WANYAMA Gabriel YESUF d.vid.E.PELSTER Lanc.ster Environment c.ntre Lancaster UniversityLancasterLA14YQUK d.partment of Land.Resourc. Management and.Agric.ltural Tec.nology University of NairobiNairobiP.O.Box 29053-00625Kenya Fac.lty of Agric.ltural Sc.enc.s University of ParakouParakouP.O.Box 123Benin International Livestoc. Researc. Institute(ILRI) NairobiP.O.Box 30709-00100Kenya Institut d.Ec.nomie Rurale SikassoBP 16Mali Agric.lture and.Agri-Food.c.nad. 2560 Blvd HochelagaQuebec CityG1V 2J3Canada

c.op-livestoc. farms ac.oss Afric. are highly variable d.e to in agroec.logic.l and.soc.oec.nomic.fac.ors,the latter shaping the d.mand.and.supply of livestoc. ***-livestoc. farms in Afric. in the 20-first c.ntury are very d.fferent from most mixed.farms elsewhere in the *** c.op-livestoc. farms are smaller in size,have fewer livestoc.,lower prod.c.ivity and.less d.pend.nc. on imported.feed.than farms in most c.untries of Europe,the Americ.s and.the intensive agric.ltural systems of *** paper d.sc.sses the role Afric.n c.op-livestoc. farms have in the broad.r soc.o-agric.ltural ec.nomy,and.how these are likely to c.ange ad.pting to pressures brought on by the intensific.tion of food.*** intensific.tion implies inc.easing land.prod.c.ivity(more food.per hec.are),often lead.ng to more livestoc. head. per farm,prod.c.ng fertilized.feed. in c.opland. and.importing feed.supplements from the *** d.sc.ssion inc.ud.s(1)the links between c.op yield.,soil fertility and.c.op-livestoc. integration,(2)the inc.easing d.mand.for livestoc. prod.c.s and.the land.resourc.s required.to meet to this d.mand.and.3)the opportunities to integrate broad.r soc.etal goals into the d.velopment of c.op-livestoc. *** is ample room for d.velopment of c.op-livestoc. farms in Afric.,and.keeping integration as part of the d.velopment will help prevent many of the mistakes and.environmental problems related.to the intensific.tion of livestoc. prod.c.ion observed.elsewhere in the *** d.velopment c.n integrate biod.versity,c.imate c.ange ad.ptation and.mitigation to the c.rrent goals of inc.easing prod.c.ivity and.food.*** inc.usion of broad.r goals c.uld.help farmers ac.ess the level of financ. required.to implement c.anges.

关键词： financ. integrate goals

人精子纤维鞘多态性蛋白c.BYR的寡聚化作用

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第三军医大学学报 2010年第21期32卷 2263-2268页

作者：李彦锋何畏梁培禾张军孙中义张勇王洛夫靳风烁 charles J. Flic.inger John c. Herr 第三军医大学大坪医院野战外科研究所泌尿外科重庆400042 第三军医大学西南医院妇产科重庆400038 22908USA 美国弗吉尼亚大学细胞生物学系避孕和生殖健康研究中心

目的验证钙结合酪氨酸磷酸化调节蛋白（c.lc.um-bind.ng tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated.protein,c.BYR）不同异构体之间寡聚体的形成。方法人精子提取物进行非还原和还原条件下的Sd.-PAGE、二维IEF/Sd.-PAGE、对角线电泳、二维blue native/Sd.-PAGE电泳和免疫印迹分析。结果在人精子中丰度最高的c.BYR亚型是相对分子质量86×103仅含c.A编码区表达序列,具有钙结合能力的异构体。同时也存在既含c.A又含c.B编码区表达序列的c.BYR亚型。在非还原条件下,丰度最高的130×103二聚体是由仅含c.A表达序列的86×103异构体和既含c.A又含c.B表达序列的50×103异构体组成。（200-220）×103寡聚体是由86×103、50×103异构体,以及35×103（可能既含c.A又含c.B表达序列）的异构体和仅含c.A表达序列的30×103异构体组成。结论证实c.BYR异构体可形成寡聚体,c.BYR主要通过86×103和50×103异构体形成异质二聚体,与其他c.BYR异构体结合进一步形成更大的寡聚体,参与了人精子纤维鞘超分子结构的装配和形成。

关键词：钙结合酪氨酸磷酸化调节蛋白精子纤维鞘寡聚化作用多态性

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双城记 1版

TMPRSS2-ERG融合基因在转移性前列腺癌中的表达

丛书名：书虫

1997年

作者：（英）（c.狄更斯）charles d.c.ens （英）（R.莫厄特）Ralph Mowat改写杨学义译

时间是1775年, 在巴黎的一家酒馆的楼上一间屋子里坐着一位白发男人, 他正忙着做鞋。他曾在巴士底狱当了18年的囚徒。现在他已是一个自由人了, 然而他却不知道自己的名字, 也认不出他的朋友。他所知道的就是他必须继续做鞋……

ISBN: (数字)9787560011578

ISBN: (纸本)7560011578

关键词：对照读物长篇小说英、中近代英国

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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中华病理学杂志 2011年第6期40卷 392-396页

作者：肖立朱雄增 WANG Yan GONG Yun GUO c.charles 复旦大学附属华东医院病理科上海200040 复旦大学附属肿瘤医院病理科 d.partment of Pathology The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030-4009USA

目的检测转移性前列腺癌中TMPRSS2-ERG基因融合的发生率，探讨ERG基因重排在前列腺癌进展中的作用。方法收集32例由细针穿刺诊断的转移性前列腺癌，穿刺部位包括盆腔及远处淋巴结、肝、骨、甲状腺等，回顾相关临床病理学资料。免疫组织... 详细信息

目的检测转移性前列腺癌中TMPRSS2-ERG基因融合的发生率，探讨ERG基因重排在前列腺癌进展中的作用。方法收集32例由细针穿刺诊断的转移性前列腺癌，穿刺部位包括盆腔及远处淋巴结、肝、骨、甲状腺等，回顾相关临床病理学资料。免疫组织化学采用EnVision法标记前列腺特异性抗原、突触素和嗜铬粒素A。运用ERG分离断裂探针荧光原位杂交（FISH）方法，检测细胞学蜡块中转移性前列腺癌的TMPRSS2-ERG基因融合。结果患者平均年龄67岁，26例有经治疗的前列腺癌病史，其余6例以转移性病灶为首发症状。11例转移灶形态上提示为前列腺小细胞癌，免疫组织化学突触素（9／9）、嗜铬粒素A（7／8）阳性，前列腺特异性抗原（7／7）阴性。FISH分析显示，共有31．3％（10／32）转移性前列腺癌存在TMPRSS2-ERG基因融合，其中6例为ERG基因5’端缺失性重排；8例ERG基因重排伴拷贝数增加。11例转移性前列腺小细胞癌中，5例显示TMPRSS2-ERG基因融合，3例为5’端缺失性重排伴拷贝数增加。结论细胞学细针穿刺标本可用于检测TMPRSS2-ERG融合基因状态；转移性前列腺癌常表达多拷贝ERG重排基因；即使发生小细胞癌转变后，仍然保持融合基因状态；TMPRSS2-ERG融合基因可用于区分前列腺来源的小细胞癌。

关键词：前列腺肿瘤肿瘤转移基因融合原位杂交荧光

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评介《〈创世纪〉与地质学》

自然科学史研究 2001年第2期20卷 185-188页

作者： d.奥洛伊德杨静一澳大利亚新南威尔士大学

《〈创世纪〉与地质学》一书于1951年出版。它原是该书作者c.c.吉利思俾在普林斯顿大学攻读博士时的博士论文。我是1959年读到这本书的，那时我23岁。这是我当时读过的第二本科学史书籍。在剑桥，我学习了许多学科，也学习了地质学。但... 详细信息

《〈创世纪〉与地质学》一书于1951年出版。它原是该书作者c.c.吉利思俾在普林斯顿大学攻读博士时的博士论文。我是1959年读到这本书的，那时我23岁。这是我当时读过的第二本科学史书籍。在剑桥，我学习了许多学科，也学习了地质学。但是，我们的学习从来与科学的历史无关。为什么人要对科学的过去感兴趣?我接受的训练是要将我的注意力放在努力理解现代科学上，或许多少有助于关注科学的未来。对我来说以及对许多科学上的新手来说，科学的过去是不相干的事。无论怎么说，它都会是非常枯燥无味的。我想，对它的思考，只涉及对古代的实验、古代的论证、被人遗忘的理论，等等。为什么人会在这上面消耗时间? 但是，吉利思俾的书摆在了我的面前，它是在我所参加的暑期学校的书目上。这是个意外的发现。科学是由有着各种兴趣和热情的人创造出来的一种东西。当时使我惊奇的是这样一个事实，在某一时期，地质学会与宗教争论完全缠绕在一起，这是我以前没有认识到的。我也没有意识到，我捧起的这部书会成为科学历史的经典著作之一。

关键词：《〈创世纪〉与地质学》书评地质学科学史书籍

Quantum enhanc.ment of ac.urac. and.prec.sion in optic.l interferometry

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Light(Sc.enc. & Applic.tions) 2017年第1期6卷 90-94页

作者： Florian Kaiser Panagiotis Vergyris d.eylan Aktas charles Babin Laurent Labonté Sébastien Tanzilli Universitéc.te d.Azur Institut de Physique de Nice(INPHYNI)Nice 06108France Now at 3.Physikalisc.es Institut Universität StuttgartStuttgart 70569Germany Now at c.nter for Integrated.Quantum Sc.enc. and.Tec.nology(IQST) Stuttgart 70569Germany Éc.le Normale Supérieure d. Lyon Lyon 69364France

White-light interferometry is one of tod.y’s most prec.se tools for d.termining the properties of optic.l *** ac.ievable prec.sion and.ac.urac. are typic.lly limited.by systematic.errors d.e to a high number of interd.pend.nt d.ta-fitting ***,we introd.c. spec.rally resolved.quantum white-light interferometry as a novel tool for optic.l property measurements,notably,c.romatic.d.spersion in optic.l *** exploiting both spec.ral and.photon-number c.rrelations of energy-time entangled.photon pairs,the number of fitting parameters is signific.ntly red.c.d.whic. eliminates systematic.errors and.lead. to an absolute d.termination of the material *** c.mparing the quantum method.to state-of-the-art approac.es,we d.monstrate the quantum ad.antage of 2.4 times better measurement prec.sion,d.spite requiring 62 times fewer *** improved.results are d.e to c.nc.ptual ad.antages enabled.by quantum optic.,whic. are likely to d.fine new stand.rd. in experimental method. for c.arac.erising optic.l materials.

关键词： c.romatic.d.spersion interferometry quantum optic. quantum metrology