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Physicochemical characterisation of Flours from Local cereals and Powder from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) Leaves Varieties cultivated in the Northern-cameroon in Order to Supplement Infant Flours

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2009-2026页

作者： Mathieu Barbi charles Touwang Emmanuel Panyoo Akdowa Augustin Goudoum Armand Abdou Bouba Department of Agriculture Livestock and Derivated Products National Advanced School of Engineering University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Food Technology and Post-Harvest Laboratory of Garoua Garoua Cameroon Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition National Advanced School of Agro-Process Industries University of Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroon

The aim of the present study was to investigate on the inventory and determination of the nutritional value of cereals flour and cassava leaves powder in order to analyse their use in the production of infant flour. In this paper, a A survey to identify the cereals used in the preparation of infant porridge in the Northern cameroon was done by using 447 mothers having children between 06 and 59 months from areas (Gbakoungue, Sassa-Mbersi, Sanguere-Ngal and Kotkong-Wouldata) with high rate on malnourished children. Flour was prepared from the most preponderant cereals and cassava leaves powder from varieties identified by the Regional centre of Agricultural Research (cRRA) of Wakwa and local population. Flour and powder samples obtained were subjected to chemical composition analysis. Parameters analysed were crude proteins, total carbohydrates, ash, total fats, total phenols, total tannins, total carotenoids, vitamin c or cyanide. Also Iron, calcium and zinc were determined. The results revealed that white maize (62%) was the main cereal used in the preparation of infant porridge followed respectively by red sorghum, white rice and muskwari. Ten cassava varieties were identified: three (03) by cRRA (TME, 96/1/14 and IRAD 4115) and seven (south, gambada, sweet, Benin, six months, M. glaziovii and grouna) by local population. Amongst cereals flour, those from white maize indicated high protein (10.09%), carbohydrates (84.46%) and total fat (7.46%) contents. The powder from 96/14/14 cassava variety showed high amount of iron (11.98 mg/100g), calcium (751.02 g/100g) and low cyanide content (1.21 ppm) amongst all the cassava leaves powder samples. The supplementation of white maize flour by cassava leaves powder from 96/14/14 variety could therefore be recommended for the preparation of infant flours.

关键词： Infant Flour cereals Flour cassava Leaves Powder chemical composition Northern cameroon

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Glass transition: from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses along the path of reaching the final equilibrium

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Science china chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 46-53页

作者： Guangcui Yuan charles c.Han center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology USA Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

Glass transition involves a many-body interaction and relaxation process. The splk of relaxation spectrum and the extremely slow dynamics bring into considerations of non-linearity and non-equilibrium. Some of our recent findings in two measurable colloidal systems are reviewed, one with a simple attractive interparticle potential and the other with a competitive （repulsive vs. attractive） inter-particle interaction. With an approach from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses, along the path of reaching the final equilibrium, we illustrate some interesting physics in glass formation process. Also, some reviews on the popular glass transition theories are made to remind readers to avoid artifacts and misinterpretations.

关键词： glass transition slow dynamics polymer colloid

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The siphonic energy transfer between hot solar wind and cold martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope

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Fundamental Research 2024年第4期4卷 882-889页

作者： Xiaojun Xu Lou-chuang Lee Qi Xu Qing chang Jing Wang Ming Wang Shaosui Xu christian Mosti charles J.Farrugia Xing Wang Yudong Ye Zilu Zhou Lei Luo Peishan He Shaoguan cheng State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China cNSA Macao center for Space Exploration and Science Macao 999078China Institute of Earth Science Academia SinicaTaipei 115029China Institute of Space Science and Applied Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China Planetary Environmental and Astrobiological Research Laboratory(PEARL) School of Atmospheric SciencesSun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519000China Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210000China Space ScienceLaboratory Universityof CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94320USA Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of SciencesGraz 8010Austria University of New Hampshire NH 03824USA

A mechanism for energy transfer from the solar wind to the Martian ionosphere through open magnetic flux rope is proposed based on the observations by Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN(MAVEN).The satellite was located in the dayside magnetosheath at an altitude of about 70o km above the northern *** between the hot solar wind protons and the cold heavy ions/neutrals in the subsolar region can cool the protons and heat the heavy *** a result,the magnetosheath protons are siphoned into the ionosphere due to the thermal pressure gradient of protons and the heated heavy ions escape along the open magnetic field *** direct collisions in the lower-altitude region were not detected,this physical process is demonstrated by MAVEN measurements of enhanced proton density,decreased proton temperature and oppositely directed motions of hot and cool protons within the flux rope,which are very different from the observational features of the flux transfer events near the Earth's *** mechanism could universally exist in many contexts where a collisionless plasma region is connected to a collisional plasma *** reconstructing the magnetic geometry and the cross-section of the flux rope using the Grad-Shafranov technique,the ion loss rates are quantitatively estimated to be on the order of 1023 s-l,which is much higher than previously estimated.

关键词： Mars Flux rope Solarwind Ionosphere Ion loss

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Evaluation of the Efficacy of Essential Oil Extracts in the control of Termites (Isoptera: Termitidae) in cashew Orchards in Badikaha (côte d’Ivoire)

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 93-104页

作者： Adama coulibaly Magloire Yves Minhibo charles Konan Kouakou Sylvain Bi Tra Djata Sanogo Lassina Fondio Mudde Barnabas National Agricultural Research center (cNRA) Korhogo Regional Division Lataha Research Station Cashew Mango Papaya Program Abidjan C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Agricultural Production Improvement Laboratory Jean Lorougnon Gu&#233d&#233 University Daloa C&#244te d&#8217Ivoire Ngetta Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute National Agricultural Research Organization (NARO) Lira Uganda

cashew tree has gradually moved from a purely ecological aspect to a socio-economic one, due to the marketing of its nuts. But production per area, estimated at between 424 and 547 kg/ha, remains low, in contrast to India (2nd largest producer) and Vietnam (3rd largest producer), whose yields range from 1000 to 1500 and 2000 to 2500 kg/ha respectively. This low yield is due to a number of factors, among which insect pests are the most damaging. Among these insects, termites are considered to be one of the main pests of cashew trees. The general objective of this study is to contribute to termite management through the use of bioinsecticides, an alternative to the use of chemicals in cashew orchards. Five (5) biological products were tested: Limocide, carapa oil, Neem oil, Kitana and Kaskara. Among them, two products proved effective, with a mortality rate of over 50%. These were Limocide, whose Lc50 was obtained in 24 h at a dose of 3.6 g/ml and 3.1 g/ml , giving a mortality rate of 57.66% ± 4.04% and 51.33 ± 2.08 respectively , and carapa, at a dose of 4.5 g/ml, with an estimated mortality rate of 52.33% ± 1.52%. Such results have demonstrated the potential application of Limocide and carapa biopesticides to sustainably control termites in cashew orchards of côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Termite Pest Organic Products cashew Tree côte d’Ivoire

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Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways

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Neural Regeneration Research 2014年第10期9卷 1000-1002页

作者： charles c.Lee Department of comparative Biomedical Sciences School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State University

For the mammalian brain to process and decipher the rich panoply of sounds that abound in the world, nature has evolved an elegant collection of neural circuits dedicated to this task. Indeed, the complexity, variety and number of neural pathways devoted to computing auditory information is unique among sensory modalities （Kaas, 2008）. After the initial sensorineural encoding of sound at the level of the cochlea, auditory information is processed in several lower brainstem centers and eventually converges in the midbrain, at the level of the inferior colliculus （Wenstrup, 2005）, Subsequently, auditory information is transferred through the thalamus, the medial geniculate body, and then the auditory cortex （Winer et al., 2005; Razak and Fuzessery, 2010; Hackett, 2011; Lee and Sherman, 2011; Lee and Winer, 2011;

关键词： Two types of auditory glutamatergic synapses and their implications for repairing damaged central auditory pathways body Figure

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cDc7 inhibition impairs neuroendocrine transformation in lung and prostate tumors through MYc degradation

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3519-3532页

作者： Alvaro Quintanal-Villalonga Kenta Kawasaki Esther Redin Fathema Uddin Swanand Rakhade Vidushi Durani Amin Sabet Moniquetta Shafer Wouter R.Karthaus Samir Zaidi Yingqian A.Zhan Parvathy Manoj Harsha Sridhar Dennis Kinyua Hong Zhong Barbara P.Mello Metamia ciampricotti Umesh K.Bhanot Irina Linkov Juan Qiu Radhika A.Patel colm Morrsey Sanjoy Mehta Jesse Barnes Michael c.Haffner Nichlas D.Socci Richard P.Koche Elisa de Stanchina Sonia Molina-Pinelo Sohrab Salehi Helena A.Yu Joseph M.chan charles M.Rudin Department of Medicine Thoracic Oncology ServiceMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA cancer Biology and Genetics Program Sloan Kettering InstituteMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Vagelos college of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Weill cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNYUA Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA center for Epigenetics Research Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Pathology core Facilty Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineMSKCCNew YorkNYUSA Antitumor Assessment core Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Divisionsof Human Biology and clinical Research Fred Hutchinon Cancer CenterSeattleWAUSA Deparmentof Urology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Gene Editing&Screening core Facility Memorial Sloan Kettering cancer center New YorkNYUSA Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Bioinfomatics coreFacility Memorial Soan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Institute of Biomedicine of Seille(Bis) HURCSCUniversidad de SevillaSevilleSpain computational Oncology Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Well cornell Medical college New York NYUSA Present address:Swiss Institute for Experimental cancer Research(ISREc) School of Life SciencesEPFLLausanneSwitzerland

Neuroendocrine(NE)transformation is a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy in lung and prostate adenocarcinomas leading to poor *** to date,even if patients at high risk of transformation can be identified by the occurrence of Tumor Protein P53(TP53)and Retinoblastoma Transcriptional corepressor 1(RB1)mutations in their tumors,no therapeutic strategies are available to prevent or delay histological *** of the cell cycle kinase cell Division cycle 7(cDc7)occurred in tumors during the initial steps of NE transformation,already after TP53/RB1 co-inactivation,leading to induced sensitivity to the cDc7 inhibitor ***7 inhibition suppressed NE transdifferentiation and extended response to targeted therapy in in vivo models of NE transformation by inducing the proteasome-mediated degradation of the MYc Proto-Oncogen(MYc),implicated in stemness and histological *** overexpression of a degradation-resistant MYc isoform reestablished the NE transformation phenotype observed on targeted therapy,even in the presence of ***7 inhibition also markedly extended response to standard cytotoxics(cisplatin,irinotecan)in lung and prostate small cell carcinoma *** results nominate cDc7 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to constrain lineage plasticity,as well as to effectively treat NE tumors de novo or after *** simurosertib clinical efficacy trials are ongoing,this concept could be readily translated for patients at risk oftransformation.

关键词： tumors markedly transformation

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Using an Electronic Nose to Rapidly Assess Grandlure content in Boll Weevil Pheromone Lures

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 449-454页

作者： charles P.-c. Suh Ningye Ding Yubin Lan USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Research Unit College Station TX 77845 USA college of Engineering Northeast Agriculture University Harbin 150030 P. R. China

Samples of pheromone lures used in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis （Boheman）, eradication programs are routinely analyzed by Gas chromatography （Gc） to ensure lures are adequately dosed with grandlure, the synthetic aggregation phero- mone produced by male weevils. However, preparation of Gc samples is tedious, time consuming, and requires a moderate level of experience. We examined the use of a commercially-available electronic nose （e-nose） for rapidly assessing the grandlure contents of lures. The e-nose was trained to recognize headspace collections of grandlure emitted from new lures and after lures were aged under field conditions for 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d. Based on cross-validation of the training set, the e-nose was 82% accurate in discriminating among the different age classes of lures. Upon sampling headspace collections of pheromone from a different set of field-aged lures, the e-nose was 〈50% accurate in discriminating 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d aged lures from the other age classes of lures. However, the e-nose identified new and 14 d aged lure samples with 100% accuracy. In light of these findings, e-nose technology shows considerable promise as an alternative approach for rapidly assessing the initial grandlure contents of lures used in boll weevil eradication programs.

关键词： electronic nose cyranose 320 boll weevil grandlure pheromone lure

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In vivo study of corneal responses to increased intraocular pressure loading

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Eye and Vision 2015年第1期2卷 177-186页

作者： Ahmed Elsheikh charles W.McMonnies charles Whitford Gavin c.Boneham School of Engineering University of LiverpoolBrownlow HillLiverpool L693GHUK National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)Biomedical Research centre Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of OphthalmologyLondonUK School of Optometry and Vision Science University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia

Background:The cornea is responsible for two-thirds of the eye's refractive power which is a function of the shape and refractive *** aim of this present study is to examine human eyes in vivo for corneal shape changes in response to short-term elevation in intraocular ***:Videokeratographic and tonometric assessments at baseline were compared with the same assessments when intraocular pressure was elevated to approximately double(199±22%)the baseline levels using ophthalmodynamometer applanation of the *** maps of the cornea and limbus were created by combining topographical assessments for central,nasal,temporal,inferior and superior *** finiteelement simulations were custom built for each subject and the stiffness distribution across corneal surface modified to achieve matches between simulated and experimental ***:The stiffness distributions required to achieve simulation-experimental matches showed a consistent trend with the 2.5 mm annulus bounded by the limbus showing a mean stiffness reduction of 47.3±10.8%compared with the central cornea(P=0.001).conclusions:corneal structure appears to provide the central cornea with a greater stiffness compared with the peripheral cornea and associated greater tolerance to elevation in intraocular pressure,consistent with the need for stable corneal refraction and *** method adopted to examine corneal biomechanical performance in vivo may have applications in additional studies.

关键词： corneal biomechanics Topography Numerical simulation

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Regional ozone pollution and key controlling factors of photochemical ozone production in Pearl River Delta during summer time

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Science china chemistry 2010年第3期53卷 650-662页

作者： cHANG chihchung cHOU c.K.charles Andreas Wahner Research center for Environmental changes Academia SinicaTaipei 11529China Forschungszentrum Juelich ICG-Ⅱ:TroposphereJuelichGermany

An intensive field campaign including measurements from the environmental monitoring network and from two super sites took place in the Pearl River Delta region in summer *** routinely measured O3 and NOx concentrations,the spatial and temporal variation of O3 and of the total oxidant concentrations was *** to the spatial variability of NO2/NO,the two super sites were found to be representative of polluted urban and downwind suburban *** addition,both sites were located in high O3 ***-depth diagnostic of photochemical ozone production processes and their key controlling factors are achieved with an observation-based model(OBM) to gain regional *** analysis and sensitivity model runs show that aldehyde and HONO chemistry had significant impacts on local photochemical ozone production *** analysis of calculated Relative Incremental Reactivities shows that photochemical ozone production rates are mainly sensitive to anthropogenic hydrocarbons(Hcs) in the polluted urban *** the suburban areas,sensitivity to nitrogen oxide(NO) concentrations *** anthropogenic Hcs in both areas are alkenes and *** differences of ozone production efficiencies are identified between the urban and suburban regions,consistent with the OBM diagnosed results.

关键词： ozone Pearl River Delta photochemical ozone productions HONO relative incremental reactivity

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SYNTHESIS OF EXFOLIATED ISOTAcTIc POLYPROPYLENE/FUNcTIONAL ALKYL-TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM-MODIFIED cLAY NANOcOMPOSITES BY IN SITU POLYMERIZATION

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chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第11期31卷 1501-1508页

作者： Kai Du 贺爱华 Fu-yong Bi charles c.Han Fine chemicals Department Beijing Research Institute of Chemical IndustrySINOPEC State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and MaterialsBeijing National Laboratory for Molecular ScienceInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics Ministry of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rubber-PlasticsSchool of Polymer Science and EngineeringQingdao University of Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and chemistry Joint Laboratory of Polymer Science and MaterialsBeijingNational Laboratory for Molecular ScienceInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of Sciences

Diphenyl （4-hydroxyphenyl） hexadecyl phosphonium bromide （POH） -modified montmorillonite （POHMMT） was used to prepare a novel Tic14/Mgc12/POHMMT compound catalyst and exfoliated iPP/POHMMT nanocomposites were prepared by the in situ intercalative polymerization of propylene with the Tic14/Mgc12/POHMMT compound catalyst. The POH surfactants don＇t change the catalytic characteristic of the Z-N catalyst and the obtained PP presents high isotacticity, normal molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. The WAXD, SAXS and TEM results demonstrate the highly exfoliated iPP/POHMMT nanocomposites were produced by the in situ polymerization with this novel catalyst, while the intercalated iPP/Na＋MMT nanocomposites were produced with the Tic14/Mgc12/Na＋MMT compound catalyst. Through this approach, in situ propylene polymerization can actually take place between the silicate layers and lead not only to PP with high isotacticity and molecular weight, but also to highly exfoliated PP nanocomposites.

关键词： clay Nanocomposites Poly(propylene) (PP) Ziegler-Natta polymerization.

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