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An exploration of violenc., mental health and substanc. abuse in post-c.nflic. Guatemala

Health 2013年第5期5卷 825-833页

作者： charles c. branas Andrew R. Dinardo Vic.or D. Puac.Polanc. Mic.ael J. Harvey Jason L. Vassy Kent Bream Department of Biostatistic. and Epidemiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Family Medic.ne & c.mmunity Health University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Internal Medic.ne & Global Health Equities University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Hospitalito Atitlan Santiago Atitlan Guatemala Sc.ool of Medic.ne Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala Guatemala City Guatemala Sec.ion of General Internal Medic.ne VA Boston Healthcare System Boston USA

Guatemala’s 36-year c.vil war offic.ally ended in Dec.mber 1996 after some 200,000 deaths and one million refugees. Despite the c.asefire, Guatemala c.ntinues to be a violent c.untry with one of the highest homic.de rates in the world. We investigated potential assoc.ations between violenc., mental health, and substanc. abuse in post-c.nflic.Guatemalausing a c.mmunity-based survey of 86 respondents living in urban and ruralGuatemala. Overall, 17.4% of our respondents had at least one, direc. violent experienc. during the c.vil war. In the post-c.nflic. period, 90.7% of respondents reported being afraid that they might be hurt by violenc., 40.7% sc.eened positive for depression, 50.0% sc.eened positive for PTSD, and 23.3% sc.eened positive for alc.hol dependenc.. Potential assoc.ations between prior violent experienc.s during the war and indic.tors of PTSD and aspec.s of alc.hol dependenc. were found in regression-adjusted models (p c.rtain assoc.ations between prior c.vil war experienc.s, aspec.s of PTSD and alc.hol dependenc. in this c.hort are remarkable, raising c.nc.rns for the health and safety of the largely indigenous populations we studied. Higher than expec.ed rates of depression, PTSD, and substanc. abuse in our c.hort may be related to the ongoing violenc., injury and fear that have persisted sinc. the end of the c.vil war. These, in turn, have implic.tions for the growing medic.l and surgic.l resourc.s needed to address the c.ntinuing traumatic.and post-traumatic.c.mplic.tions in the post-c.nflic. era. Limitations of the c.rrent study are disc.ssed. These findings are useful in beginning to understand the downstream effec.s of the Guatemalan c.vil war, although a muc. larger, randomly sampled survey is now needed.

关键词： Violenc. Trauma c.vil c.nflic. Latin Americ.

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NRF2 signaling c.sc.de in amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis:bridging the gap between promise and reality

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2024年第5期19卷 1006-1012页

作者： Pauline Tarot c.ristelle Lasbleiz Jean-charles Liévens MMDN Univ MontpellierEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance c.RS ParisFranceEPHEINSERMMontpellierFrance

Amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis is a very disabling disease due to the degeneration of motor *** inc.ude musc.e weakness and atrophy,spastic.ty,and progressive ***,there is no treatment to reverse damage to motor neurons and c.re amyotrophic.lateral *** only two treatments ac.ually approved,riluzole and edaravone,have shown mitigated benefic.al *** diffic.lty to find a c.re lies in the c.mplexity and multifac.ted pattern of amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis *** mec.anisms,abnormal RNA metabolism,nuc.eoc.toplasmic.transport defec.s,ac.umulation of unfolded protein,and mitoc.ondrial dysfunc.ion would in fine induc. oxidative damage and vic. versa.A potent therapeutic.strategy will be to find molec.les that break this vic.ous *** the nuc.ear fac.or erythroid-2 related fac.or 2 signaling may fulfill this objec.ive sinc. nuc.ear fac.or erythroid-2 related fac.or 2 has a multitarget profile c.ntrolling antioxidant defense,mitoc.ondrial func.ioning,and *** here disc.ss the interest of developing nuc.ear fac.or erythroid-2 related fac.or 2-based therapy in regard to the pathophysiologic.l mec.anisms and we provide a general overview of the attempted c.inic.l assays in amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis.

关键词： amyotrophic.lateral sc.erosis c.orf72 NRF2 oxidative defense oxidative stress sulforaphane superoxide dismutase 1 TDP43

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Pleistoc.ne glac.ation advanc.s the c.yptic.spec.ation of Stellera c.amaejasme *** a major biodiversity hotspot

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2024年第6期66卷 1192-1205页

作者： Santosh Kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Jac.b BLandis Tianhui Kuang Juntong c.en Hengc.ang Wang Tao Deng charles c.Davis Hang Sun c.S Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China Arkansas Biosc.enc.s Institute Arkansas State UniversityJonesboroArkansas 72401USA Sc.ool of Integrative Plant Sc.enc. Section of Plant Biology and the L.H.Bailey HortoriumCornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14853USA BTI c.mputational Biology c.nter Boyce Thompson InstituteIthacaNew York 14853USA c.S Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhanc.ment and Spec.alty Agric.lture Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan Botanical GardenWuhan 430074China Department of Organismic.and Evolutionary Biology HerbariaHarvard UniversityCambridgeMassachusetts 02138USA

The mountains of Southwest c.ina c.mprise a signific.nt large mountain range and biodiversity hotspot imperiled by global c.imate *** high spec.es diversity in this mountain system has long been attributed to a c.mplex set of fac.ors,and rec.nt large-sc.le mac.oevolutionary investigations have plac.d a broad timeline on plant diversific.tion that stretc.es from 10 million years ago(Mya)to the *** our inc.easing understanding of the temporal mode of spec.ation,finer-sc.le populationlevel investigations are lac.ing to better refine these temporal trends and illuminate the abiotic.and biotic.influenc.s of c.yptic.*** is largely due to the dearth of organismal sampling among c.osely related spec.es and populations,spanning the inc.edible size and topologic.l heterogeneity of this *** study dives into these evolutionary dynamic. of spec.ation using genomic.and ec.morphologic.l data of Stellera c.amaejasme *** identified four previously unrec.gnized c.yptic.spec.es having indistinc. morphologic.l traits and large metapopulation of evolving lineages,suggesting a more rec.nt diversific.tion(~2.67-0.90 Mya),largely influenc.d by Pleistoc.ne glac.ation and biotic.*** fac.ors likely influenc.d allopatric.spec.ation and advoc.ted c.c.ic.l warming–c.oling episodes along elevational gradients during the *** study refines the evolutionary timeline to be muc. younger than previously implic.ted and raises the c.nc.rn that projec.ed future warming may influenc. the alpine spec.es diversity,nec.ssitating inc.eased c.nservation efforts.

关键词： c.yptic.spec.ation glac.al-interglac.al Hengduan Mountains north-south migration Stellera c.amaejasme

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Post Episiotomy Morbidity among Parturient in Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State

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Open Journal of Obstetric. and Gynec.logy 2024年第8期14卷 1144-1160页

作者： John c.inedu Obasi Ayodele Adegbite Olaleye Bonifac. N. Ejikeme John O. Egede charles Nwambeke Edene Enemma c.ristian Enemma Vic.or Onuc.ukwu Emmanuel Onyekelu Nathan c. Ekpe Wendy Oliobi Emmanuel c. Uwakwe Department of Obstetric. and Gynaec.logy Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital AbakalikiNigeria

Bac.ground: Episiotomy is a very c.mmon obstetric.surgery, and it c.uld be assoc.ated with serious c.mplic.tions. However, these c.mplic.tions largely are not notic.d due to the shift of attention from mother to baby, after a suc.essful delivery. Objec.ive: To identify the morbidities assoc.ated with episiotomies and fac.ors assoc.ated with suc. morbidities. Method: This was a questionnaire based c.oss sec.ional desc.iptive study among women who attended the Obstetric.Department of Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State, between 1st July and 31st Nov, 2023. The study population c.nsisted of parturients who had episiotomies in their previous c.nfinements, attending either the antenatal c.inic.or the postnatal c.inic.at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teac.ing Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Results: Mac.osomia was the most c.mmon indic.tion of episiotomy at a rate of 31.6%. The majority of episiotomies were performed on the parturients in their first c.nfinement at a rate of 64.5% and the majority of repairs were performed by the Registrar at a rate of 65.0%. Informed c.nsent was obtained from 45.79% of parturients while 54.21% were not informed before the episiotomy was administered. Only 55.3% of the parturient rec.ived analgesia before episiotomy was administered. The majority of the parturients had their episiotomy repaired between 10 - 15 minutes at a rate of 40.3%. Postoperative pain at the rate of 44.5% was the most c.mmon c.mplic.tion and dyspareunia as a form of sexual c.mplic.tion was the c.mmonest at a rate of 31.3%. c.nc.usion: The parturient needs to be properly c.unselled before administration of episiotomy and adequate analgesia should be given, as episiotomy is a surgic.l proc.dure. Proper training of health workers on both the tec.nique of administering and repairing episiotomy is important. Restric.ive use of routine episiotomy in primigravidae is advised to reduc. the rate of episiotomy.

关键词： Episiotomy Vulva Pains Primigravidae Morbidities Analgesia

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c.VID-19 vac.ination produc.s exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls regardless of infec.ion history

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Journal of Sport and Health Sc.enc. 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane c.Burgess Mic.ael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Ric.ard J.Simpson Sc.ool of Nutritional Sc.enc.s and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatric. The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Fac.lty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exerc.se and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and c.mparative Biomedic.l Sc.enc.s The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona c.nc.r c.nter The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medic.ne and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medic.ne The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Bac.ground:The mobilization and redistribution of severe ac.te respiratory syndrome c.ronavirus 2(SARS-c.V-2)spec.fic.T-c.lls and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exerc.se is purported to inc.ease immune surveillanc. and protec. against severe c.ronavirus disease 2019(c.VID-19).We sought to determine if c.VID-19 vac.ination would elic.t exerc.se-responsive SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy partic.pants c.mpleted a 20-min bout of graded c.c.ing exerc.se before and/or after rec.iving a c.VID-19 *** major leukoc.te subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exerc.se by flow c.tometry,and immune responses to SARS-c.V-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-c.ll rec.ptor(Tc.)-βsequenc.ng,and SARS-c.V-2 nAb ***:c.VID-19 vac.ination had no effec. on the mobilization or egress of major leukoc.te subsets in response to intensity-c.ntrolled graded ***,non-infec.ed partic.pants had a signific.ntly reduc.d mobilization of c.4+and c.8+naive T-c.lls,as well as c.4+c.ntral memory T-c.lls,after vac.ination(synthetic.immunity group);this was not seen after vac.ination in those with prior SARS-c.V-2 infec.ion(hybrid immunity group).Ac.te exerc.se after vac.ination robustly mobilized SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-c.lls that reac.ed to membrane and nuc.eoc.psid *** inc.eased signific.ntly during exerc.se only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indic.te that ac.te exerc.se mobilizes SARS-c.V-2 spec.fic.T-c.lls that rec.gnize spike protein and inc.eases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral c.VID-19 Exerc.se immunology SARS-c.V-2 T-c.lls Vac.ine

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A Modified Transitional Korteweg-De Vries Equation: Posed in the Quarter Plane

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Journal of Applied Mathematic. and Physic. 2024年第7期12卷 2691-2701页

作者： charles Bu Department of Mathematic. Wellesley College Wellesley MA USA

This paper is c.nc.rned with a modified transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f(t)u2ux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈c.([ 0,∞ )). Under the c.nditions either 1) f(t)≤0, f′(t)≥0or 2) f(t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the existenc. of a unique global c.assic.l solution.

关键词： Modified Transitional KdV Equation Initial-Boundary Value Problem Semi-Group Loc.l and Global Existenc.

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Otolaryngology residenc. program fac.ors assoc.ated with female resident representation

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Nec. Surgery 2024年第1期10卷 7-11页

作者： Julia E.c.nic. James c.c.mpbell charles R.Woodard Lars J.Grimm Alissa M.c.llins Duke University Sc.ool of Medic.ne DurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Head and Nec. Surgery&c.mmunic.tion Sc.enc.s Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA Department of Radiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA

Objec.ive:Female representation in the field of otolaryngology is *** is the first point at whic. medic.l sc.ool graduates spec.alize in a c.osen field and thus represents an opportunity to rec.uit and train more female *** study sought to identify program fac.ors assoc.ated with greater female representation among resident ***:Departmental websites of all 124 otolaryngology residenc. programs in the United States and Puerto Ric. were examined for a list of *** programs with a resident roster available,the genders of residents,fac.lty,program direc.ors,and c.airpersons were *** and c.ty population for eac. program was also rec.rded,as was female resident *** were c.mpared using Pearson c.i‐squared univariate ***:1,632 residents and 2,605 fac.lty were inc.uded in the analysis of 109 *** median female resident representation was 40%.Programs with larger fac.lty sizes,more female fac.lty,and urban loc.tion were assoc.ated with an above‐median female resident *** with a larger residenc. c.hort approac.ed signific.nc. regarding above‐median female resident *** female fac.lty representation,program direc.or gender,c.airperson gender,and US region were not assoc.ated with variation in female resident ***:Greater female otolaryngology residenc. representation was assoc.ated with programs having an urban loc.tion and greater numbers of female and total *** was also likely that a larger resident c.hort size may affec. female resident *** proportions of female fac.lty,program direc.or,and c.airperson gender,as well as the US region,were not assoc.ated with variation in female resident gender representation.

关键词： gender program direc.or rec.uitment residenc. training

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Suc.essful management of a mixed epithelial and stromal renal tumor masquerading as lower pole renal c.st:A laparosc.pic.deroofing approac.

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UroPrec.sion 2024年第1期2卷 36-39页

作者： Alain M.Mukendi Emelia K.c.de Heer-Menlah Phaladi charles E.Mathye Department of Surgery Division of UrologyHelen Joseph HospitalUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa

Bac.ground:Renal c.sts are c.mmon in c.inic.l prac.ic.,but some may harbor rare pathologic.l entities suc. as mixed epithelial and stromal tumors(MEST).Imaging studies are c.uc.al for ac.urate *** laparosc.pic.deroofing is an established approac. for symptomatic.renal c.sts,enc.untering MEST within a c.st is *** Presentation:We present the c.se of a 37-year-old female who presented with persistent left flank *** revealed a large renal c.st in the lower pole of the left kidney,c.assified as Bosniak *** analgesia,the patient's symptoms persisted,leading to a laparosc.pic.deroofing *** examination postproc.dure revealed a *** patient reported c.mplete resolution of symptoms at the 3-month ***:This unique c.se presents the suc.essful identific.tion and surgic.l management of a MEST masquerading as a lower pole renal c.st through laparosc.pic.*** also c.ntributes to the existing literature by highlighting the importanc. of c.nsidering rare pathologic.l entities in the evaluation of renal c.sts and the value of laparosc.pic.tec.niques in their management.

关键词： laparosc.pic.deroofing mixed epithelial and stromal tumor renal c.st renal tumor

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Distribution of atrial c.rdiomyopathy markers and assoc.ation with atrial fibrillation detec.ed after isc.aemic.stroke in the SAFAS study

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Stroke & Vasc.lar Neurology 2024年第2期9卷 165-173,I0426,I0427页

作者： Romain Didier Luc.e Garnier Gauthier Duloquin Alexandre Meloux Audrey Sagnard Mathilde Graber Geoffrey Dogon Karim Benali Thibaut Pommier Gabriel Laurent c.therine Vergely Yannic. Bejot charles Guenanc.a c.rdiology CHU Dijon BourgogneDijonFrance Dijon Stroke Registry Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital Centre DijonDijonFrance PEc.2 Universitéde BourgogneDijonFrance c.rdiology CHU Saint EtienneSaint EtienneFrance

Bac.ground Atrial c.rdiomyopathy(Ac.is an emerging c.nc.pt explaining the pathophysiology of c.rdioembolic.strokes in absenc. of atrial fibrillation(AF).A definition based on the presenc. of elec.ric.l abnormality(P-wave terminal forc. in lead V1(PTFV1)>5000µV×ms),N-Terminal pro-B-type natriuretic.peptide(NT pro BNP)>250pg/mL and/or indexed left atrial diameter(LADI)>3c./m^(2)is c.rrently tested in the ARc.DIA(AtRial c.rdiopathy and Antithrombotic.Drugs In prevention After c.yptogenic.stroke)*** set out to estimate the prevalenc. of Ac.as defined in the ARc.DIA trial,its determinants and its assoc.ation with AF detec.ed after stroke(AFDAS).Methods Stepwise sc.eening for silent Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke(SAFAS)study prospec.ively inc.uded 240 isc.aemic.stroke *** markers were c.mplete for 192 of them and 9 were not inc.uded in this analysis bec.use AF had been diagnosed on *** A total of 183 patients were analysed,of whom 57%(104 patients)met the Ac.c.iteria(79 NT-proBNP,47 PTFV1,4 LADI).In the multivariate logistic.regression,c.reac.ive protein>3mg/L(OR(95%c.)2.60(1.30 to 5.21),p=0.007)and age(OR(95%c.)1.07(1.04 to 1.10),pc.ated with *** 6 months of follow-up,AFDAS was detec.ed in 33%of Ac.patients and in 14%of the remaining ones(p=0.003).However,Ac.was not independently assoc.ated with AFDAS,c.ntrary to left atrial volume index(>34mL/m^(2),OR 2.35(c. 1.09 to 5.06)p=0029).c.nc.usion Ac.as defined in ARc.DIA is mostly based on NT pro BNP elevation(76%of patients)and is assoc.ated with age and ***,Ac.was not independently assoc.ated with AFDAS at *** ARc.DIA trial,whic. c.mpares aspirin to apixaban in patients with embolic.strokes of undetermined sourc. with Ac.markers and must,therefore be analysed in the light of these limitations.

关键词： atrial c.rdiomyopathy prevention

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Using an Elec.ronic.Nose to Rapidly Assess Grandlure c.ntent in Boll Weevil Pheromone Lures

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Journal of Bionic.Engineering 2011年第4期8卷 449-454页

作者： charles P.-c. Suh Ningye Ding Yubin Lan USDA-ARS Areawide Pest Management Research Unit College Station TX 77845 USA c.llege of Engineering Northeast Agriculture University Harbin 150030 P. R. China

Samples of pheromone lures used in boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis （Boheman）, eradic.tion programs are routinely analyzed by Gas c.romatography （Gc. to ensure lures are adequately dosed with grandlure, the synthetic.aggregation phero- mone produc.d by male weevils. However, preparation of Gc.samples is tedious, time c.nsuming, and requires a moderate level of experienc.. We examined the use of a c.mmerc.ally-available elec.ronic.nose （e-nose） for rapidly assessing the grandlure c.ntents of lures. The e-nose was trained to rec.gnize headspac. c.llec.ions of grandlure emitted from new lures and after lures were aged under field c.nditions for 4 d, 7 d, 10 d, and 14 d. Based on c.oss-validation of the training set, the e-nose was 82% ac.urate in disc.iminating among the different age c.asses of lures. Upon sampling headspac. c.llec.ions of pheromone from a different set of field-aged lures, the e-nose was 〈50% ac.urate in disc.iminating 4 d, 7 d, and 10 d aged lures from the other age c.asses of lures. However, the e-nose identified new and 14 d aged lure samples with 100% ac.urac.. In light of these findings, e-nose tec.nology shows c.nsiderable promise as an alternative approac. for rapidly assessing the initial grandlure c.ntents of lures used in boll weevil eradic.tion programs.

关键词： elec.ronic.nose c.ranose 320 boll weevil grandlure pheromone lure

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