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Water Science and Engineering 2018年第1期11卷 8-16页

作者： charles S.Melching Melching Water Solutions LLC GreenfieldWI 53221USA

Instream aeration has been used as a supplement to secondary treatment or a substitute for tertiary treatment for meeting dissolved oxygen （DO） standards in rivers. Many studies have used water quality models to determine the number, location, and capacity of instream aeration stations （IASs） needed to meet DO standards in combination with other pollution control measures. DO concentrations have been improved in the North Shore Channel and North Branch Chicago River by the Devon Avenue IAS for more than 35 years. A study was initiated to determine whether it was better to rehabilitate or relocate this station and to determine appropriate operational guidance for the IAS at the selected location. A water quality model capable of simulating DO concentrations during unsteady flow was used to evaluate the proper location for an IAS and operational guidance for this IAS. Three test years, a dry year, a wet year, and an extreme year, were considered in the evaluation. The study found that the Devon Avenue IAS should be rehabilitated as this location performed as well as or better than any of 10 alternative locations. According to the new operational guidance for this IAS, the amount of time with blowers operating could be substantially reduced compared to traditional operations while at the same time the attainment of the DO standards could be increased. This study shows that a carefully designed modeling study is key to effective selection, location, and operation of IASs such that attainment of DO standards can be maximized while operation hours of blowers can be minimized.

关键词： Instream aeration Dissolved oxygen Water quality modeling Water quality management Computer simulation

One hundred years of population ecology:Successes,failures and the road ahead

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Integrative Zoology 2015年第3期10卷 233-240页

作者： charles J.KREBS Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada and Institute for Applied EcologyUniversity of CanberraCanberraAustralia

Population ecology is the most mature of the three subdisciplines of ecology partly because it has a solid mathematical foundation and partly because it can address the primary questions of distribution and abundance with experimental *** there is much left to do to integrate our population knowledge into community and ecosystem ecology to help address the global issues of food security and the conservation of *** different approaches are now being developed to bring about this integration and much more research will be necessary to decide which if any will be most useful in achieving our goals of explaining the changes we see in the distribution and abundance of animals and *** web ecology would appear to be the best approach at present because it uses the detailed information of the population ecology of particular species in combination with data on consumer-resource interactions to apply to the applied problems of biodiversity conservation,food security,pest management and disease *** we can use our understanding of population ecology to address the practical problems of our time in a creative way,we will benefit both the human population and the Earth’s *** remains to be done.

关键词： abundance geographic distributions history of ecology population models

Updates on esophageal and gastric cancers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第20期12卷 3237-3242页

作者： Amy Gallo charles Cha Resident Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine333 Cedar St.FMB 121New HavenCT 06520United States Department of Surgery Yale University of School of Medicine 333 Cedar St.FMB 121New HavenCT 06520United States

Esophageal and gastric cancers are both common and deadly. Patients present most often after disease progression and survival is therefore poor. Due to demographic variability and recent changes in disease incidence, much emphasis has been placed on studying risk factors for both esophageal and gastric cancers. However, with increasing understanding of these diseases, low survival rates persist and continued intensive studies are necessary to optimize treatment plans. This review article discusses updates in the evolving epidemiology, clinical presentation, risk factors, and diagnostic and treatment modalities of esophageal and gastric cancers.

关键词： Gastric cancer Esophageal cancer Surgery Treatment

Rodent biology and management

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Integrative Zoology 2014年第3期9卷 229-230页

作者： charles Krebs Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Vancouver BCCanada

Rodent species comprise about 42%of the Earth’s mammal biodiversity,with 2277 species and others still not *** such they are key species in many ecosystems as herbivores,seed eaters and seed dispersers,and prey for many *** of rodent biology and population dynamics goes on with little notice by humans,but a small number of rodent species are major pests for agriculture or reservoirs for diseases that can be transmitted to *** of their typically small size and rapid turnover,rodents are excellent subjects both for laboratory and field *** students can study rodent biology knowing that in the time frame of 3 years they can ask and answer interesting scientific questions.

关键词： diseases reservoirs typically

Asia–Gondwana connections indicated by Devonian fishes from Australia:palaeogeographic considerations

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2020年第2期9卷 128-149页

作者： Gavin charles Young Jing Lu Department of Applied Mathematics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraAustralia Australian Museum Research Institute SydneyAustralia Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology&PaleoanthropologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 10004China CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment Beijing 10004China.

Middle Palaeozoic vertebrate fossil occurrences are summarised for Australia, with reference to faunal connections between Asia and East Gondwana, as first indicated by fish distributions of Lower Devonian fossil sites. Major endemic groups discussed are pituriaspid(Australian) and galeaspid(Asian) agnathans, wuttagoonaspids(Australian)and antarctaspid(Antarctic, Australian, Asian) arthrodires, yunnanolepid and sinolepid antiarchs(South China,Indochina terrane, Australia), and early tetrapodomorphs(South China, Australia). More widespread groups that lived in shallow marine environments(lungfishes, buchanosteid arthrodires, antiarch Bothriolepis) also show species groups shared between South China and East Gondwana. Exchange of continental facies fishes(e.g. tristichopterid tetrapodomorphs) may have been interrupted by marine transgression in the Frasnian, but were restored in the late Famennian with the appearance of Grenfellaspis in eastern Australia, the only sinolepid antiarch known from outside Asia. The hypothesis of Gondwana dispersion and Asian accretion, to explain the collage of geological terranes forming modern east and southeast Asia, implies increasing dissimilarity with increasing age, but the SiluroDevonian early vertebrate evidence is inconsistent with this. Previous cladistic analysis of Asian terranes predicted galeaspid agnathans on the Indochina terrane, and their subsequent discovery at Ly Hoa, Vietnam, confirms that Indochina and South China had come together across the Song Ma suture by Middle Devonian time.

关键词： Devonian Palaeogeography Biogeography Vertebrates East Gondwana South China Indochina terrane

Faulkner’s Myth and the ″Peculiar Institution″: Shaping Yoknapatawpha

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外国文学研究 2005年第4期27卷 16-24页

作者： charles A. Peek University of Nebraskaat Kearney

During the 1930s, Faulkner made radical adjustments in the shaping of his mythical Yoknapatawpha country to accommodate his deepening understanding of America’s ″peculiar institution.″ That peculiar institution, of course, was slavery, and in his fiction of the period Faulkner portrays it through a radical critique of the myth of ″the Old Plantation.″Doing so meant he both had to challenge the myths about plantation slavery in which he had been raised and had to alter his own apocryphal vision of the institution that haunted America like a ghost. Replacing the Sartoris family with the McCaslin family as the family that would represent the Falkners’ in his fiction, Faulkner created a fiction better able to bear the weight of history, both the history of the South and of his own family.

关键词：福克纳神话美国当代文学研究

Glass transition: from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses along the path of reaching the final equilibrium

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Science China Chemistry 2018年第1期61卷 46-53页

作者： Guangcui Yuan charles C.Han Center for Neutron Research National Institute of Standards and Technology USA Department of Polymer Engineering The University of Akron Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

Glass transition involves a many-body interaction and relaxation process. The splk of relaxation spectrum and the extremely slow dynamics bring into considerations of non-linearity and non-equilibrium. Some of our recent findings in two measurable colloidal systems are reviewed, one with a simple attractive interparticle potential and the other with a competitive （repulsive vs. attractive） inter-particle interaction. With an approach from interaction potential changes to the corresponding structural and relaxation responses, along the path of reaching the final equilibrium, we illustrate some interesting physics in glass formation process. Also, some reviews on the popular glass transition theories are made to remind readers to avoid artifacts and misinterpretations.

关键词： glass transition slow dynamics polymer colloid

Measuring nonlinearity by means of static parameters in Bernoulli binary sequences distribution:A brief approach

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2020年第3期11卷 68-77页

作者： charles Roberto Telles Secretary of State for Education and Sport of ParanáAv.Água Verde 2140Curitiba 80240-070/Vila IzabelBrazil

This paper analyzes Bernoulli’s binary sequences in the representation of empirical nonlinear events,analyzing the distribution of natural resources,population sizes and other variables that influence the possible outcomes of resource’s *** the event as a nonlinear system and the metrics of analysis consisting of two dependent random variables 0 and 1,with memory and probabilities in maximum finite or infinite lengths,constant and equal to 1/2 for both variables(stationary process).The expressions of the possible trajectories of metric space represented by each binary parameter remain constant in sequences that are repeated alternating the presence or absence of one of the binary variables at each iteration(symmetric or asymmetric).It was observed that the binary variables X_(1)and X_(2)assume on time T_(k)→∞specific behaviors(geometric variable)that can be used as management tools in discrete and continuous nonlinear systems aiming at the optimization of resource’s usage,nonlinearity analysis and probabilistic distribution of trajectories occurring about random *** this way,the paper presents a model of detecting fixed-point attractions and its probabilistic distributions at a given population-resource *** means that coupling oscillations in the event occur when the binary variables X_(1)and X_(2)are limited as a function of time Y.

关键词： Coupling functions and nonparametric statistics Bernoulli binary sequences nonlinearity metrics pattern formation stability and predictive analysis

Numerical modelling of reinforced concrete flexural members strengthened using textile reinforced mortars

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2023年第4期17卷 649-668页

作者： Naveen Revanna charles K.S.Moy Department of Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Externally bonded(EB)and near-surface mounted(NSM)bonding are two widely adopted and researched strengthening methods for reinforced-concrete *** composite substrates are easy to reach and repair using appropriate surface treatments,whereas NSM techniques can be easily applied to the soffit and concrete member *** EB bonded fiber-reinforced polymer(FRP)technique has a significant drawback:combustibility,which calls for external protective agents,and textile reinforced mortar(TRM),a class of EB composites that is noncombustible and provides a similar functionality to any EB FRP-strengthened *** study employs a finite element analysis technique to investigate the failing failure of carbon textile reinforced mortar(CTRM)-strengthened reinforced concrete *** principal objective of this numerical study was to develop a finite element model and validate a set of experimental data in existing literature.A set of seven beams was modelled and calibrated to obtain concrete damage plasticity(CDP)*** predicted results,which were in the form of load versus deflection,load versus rebar strain,tensile damage,and compressive damage patterns,were in good agreement with the experimental ***,a parametric study was conducted to verify the applicability of the numerical model and study various influencing factors such as the concrete strength,internal reinforcement,textile roving spacing,and externally-applied load *** ultimate load and deflection of the predicted finite element results had a coefficient of variation(COV)of 6.02%and 5.7%,respectively.A strain-based numerical comparison with known methods was then conducted to investigate the debonding *** developed finite element model can be applied and tailored further to explore similar TRM-strengthened beams undergoing debonding,and the preventive measures can be sought to avoid premature debonding.

关键词： fiber reinforced polymer textile reinforced mortar finite element analysis concrete damage plasticity calibration and validation parametric study

Invasion of the biosphere by synthetic polymers:What our current knowledge may mean for our future

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2019年第5期38卷 161-164页

作者： charles J.Moore Algalita Marine Research and Education

In 1974,a member of the Council of the British Plastics Federation and a fellow of the Plastics Institute,stated that“Plastics litter is a very small proportion of all litter and causes no harm to the environment except as an eyesore”(Derraik,2002).It has taken less than fifty years for that opinion to be completely discredited,indeed,that opinion was already in doubt the moment it was ***,it was the strong denial by the plastic industry that plastics could cause harm that delayed the study of plastic’s environmental effects for *** until Moore et al.(2001)found six times as much plastic as zooplankton by weight in the surface waters of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre(NPSG).

关键词： Invasion the biosphere our future