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Application of magnetotactic bacteria as engineering microrobots:Higher delivery efficiency of antitumor medicine

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第10期35卷 139-146页

作者： Jing Zhang charles Wang Yaoyao Zhang Haining Xia Yujuan Wang Kun Ma junfeng Wang High Magnetic Field Laboratory CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and lon Beam Physical BiologyHefei Institutes of Physical ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093United States International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center Hefei 230031China

For a significant duration,enhancing the efficacy of cancer therapy has remained a critical *** bacteria(MTB),often likened to micro-robots,hold substantial promise as a drug delivery ***,classified as anaerobic,aquatic,and gram-negative microorganisms,exhibit remarkable motility and precise control over their internal biomineralization *** unique ability results in the formation of magnetic nanoparticles arranged along filamentous structures in a catenary fashion,enclosed within a *** bacteria possess distinctive biochemical properties that facilitate their precise positioning within complex *** harnessing these biochemical attributes,MTB could potentially offer substantial advantages in the realm of cancer *** article reviews the drug delivery capabilities of MTB in tumor treatment and explores various applications based on their inherent *** objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of MTB-driven drug delivery and stimulate innovative insights in this field.

关键词： Magnetotactic bacteria Engineering microrobot Tumor treatment Drug delivery Bioconjugation

Long-term monitoring of cycles in Clethrionomys rutilus in the Yukon boreal forest

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 27-36页

作者： charles J.KREBS Alice J.KENNEY B.Scott GILBERT Rudy BOONSTRA Department of Zoology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada Renewable Resources Management Program Yukon UniversityWhitehorseYukonCanada Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada

Baseline studies of small rodent populations in undisturbed ecosystems are *** report here 50 years of mon-itoring and experimentation in Yukon of a dominant rodent species in the North American boreal forest,the red-backed vole Clethrionomys *** voles breed in summer,weigh 20–25 g,and reach a maximum density of 20 to 25 per *** populations have shown consistent 3–4-year cycles for the last 50 years with the only change being that peak densities averaged 8/ha until 2000 and 18/ha since that *** the last 25 years,we have measured food resources,predator numbers,and winter weather,and for 1-year social interactions,to estimate their contribution to changes in the rate of summer increase and the rate of overwinter *** these potential limiting factors could contribute to changes in density,and we measured their relative contributions statistically with multiple *** rate of winter decline in density was related to both food supply and winter *** rate of summer increase was related to summer berry crops and white spruce cone *** measure of predator numbers was related to winter or summer changes in vole *** was a large signal of climate change effects in these *** is no density dependence in summer population growth and only a weak one in winter population *** of our results provide a clear understanding of what generates 3–4-year cycles in these voles,and the major missing piece may be an understanding of social interactions at high density.

关键词： boreal forest climate change density dependence population cycles predation winter severity

Complication rates after direct anterior vs posterior approach for hip hemiarthroplasty in elderly individuals with femoral neck fractures

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第1期15卷 22-29页

作者： Tatiana charles Nicolas Bloemers Bilal Kapanci Marc Jayankura Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology HUB-Hospital ErasmeBrussels 1070Belgium

BACKGROUND Dislocation rates after hemiarthroplasty reportedly vary from 1%to 17%.This serious complication is associated with increased morbidity and mortality *** to this surgery are still debated,with no consensus regarding the superiority of any single *** To compare early postoperative complications after implementing the direct anterior and posterior approaches(PL)for hip hemiarthroplasty after femoral neck *** This is a comparative,retrospective,single-center cohort study conducted at a university *** March 2008 and December 2018,273 patients(a total of 280 hips)underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasties(n=280)for displaced femoral neck fractures using either the PL(n=171)or the minimally invasive direct anterior approach(DAA)(n=109).The choice of approach was related to the surgeons’practices;the implant types were similar and unrelated to the *** rates and other complications were reviewed after a minimum followup of 6 *** Both treatment groups had similarly aged patients(mean age:82 years),sex ratios,patient body mass indexes,and patient *** data(surgery delay time,operative time,and blood loss volume)did not differ significantly between the *** 30 d mortality rate was higher in the PL group(9.9%)than in the DAA group(3.7%),but the difference was not statistically significant(P=0.052).Among the one-month survivors,a significantly higher rate of dislocation was observed in the PL group(14/154;9.1%)than in the DAA group(0/105;0%)(P=0.002).Of the 14 patients with dislocation,8 underwent revision surgery for recurrent instability(posterior group),and one of them had 2 additional procedures due to a deep *** rate of other complications(e.g.,perioperative and early postoperative periprosthetic fractures and infection-related complications)did not differ significantly between the *** These findings suggest that the DAA to bipolar hemiarthroplasty f

关键词： Hemiarthroplasty Femoral neck fracture Direct anterior approach Posterior approach Dislocation Mortality

Standardization is needed in reporting risk and outcomes of machine perfusion in liver transplantation

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 709-714页

作者： Chase J.Wehrle charles Miller Koji Hashimoto Andrea Schlegel Transplantation Center Department of SurgeryDigestive Disease InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Immunology Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

We congratulate Yamamoto et *** their study“Impact of Portable Normothermic Machine Perfusion for Liver Transplantation from Adult Deceased Donors”(1).The surge of interest in normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)in the United States(US)has generated considerable *** authors present generally exciting results from their single-center analysis of 541 liver *** these,469 were from donors after brain dead(DBD);58(12.4%)received NMP and 411 static cold storage(SCS,87.6%).Seventy-two transplants were from donors after circulatory death(DCD);52(72.2%)received NMP(device-to-donor)vs.20 SCS(27.8%).

关键词： Liver transplantation machine perfusion normothermic machine perfusion(NMP) transplantation viability assessment

A Modified Transitional Korteweg-De Vries Equation: Posed in the Quarter Plane

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第7期12卷 2691-2701页

作者： charles Bu Department of Mathematics Wellesley College Wellesley MA USA

This paper is concerned with a modified transitional Korteweg-de Vries equation ut+f(t)u2ux+uxxx=0, (x,t)∈R+×R+with initial value u(x,0)=g(x)∈H4(R+)and inhomogeneous boundary value u(0,t)=Q(t)∈C2([ 0,∞ )). Under the conditions either 1) f(t)≤0, f′(t)≥0or 2) f(t)≤−αwhere α>0, we prove the existence of a unique global classical solution.

关键词： Modified Transitional KdV Equation Initial-Boundary Value Problem Semi-Group Local and Global Existence

Alternative splicing of the PECTINESTERASE gene encoding a cell wall-degrading enzyme affects postharvest softening in grape

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 863-875页

作者： Hainan Liu Maosong Pei charles Ampomah-Dwamena Yaxin Shang Yihe Yu Tonglu Wei Qiaofang Shi Dalong Guo College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000China Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Quality Regulation and Control of Horticultural Plants Luoyang 471000China The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited(PFR) Auckland 1010New Zealand

The firmness of table grape berries is a crucial quality parameter. Despite extensive research on postharvest fruit softening, its precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To enhance our comprehension of the underlying molecular factors, we initially identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) by comparing the transcriptomes of folic acid(FA)-treated and water-treated(CK) berries at different time points. We then analyzed the sequences to detect alternatively spliced(AS) genes associated with postharvest softening. A total of 2,559 DEGs were identified and categorized into four subclusters based on their expression patterns, with subcluster-4 genes exhibiting higher expression in the CK group compared with the FA treatment group. There were 1,045 AS-associated genes specific to FA-treated berries and 1,042 in the CK-treated berries, respectively. Gene Ontology(GO) annotation indicated that the AS-associated genes in CK-treated berries were predominantly enriched in cell wall metabolic processes,particularly cell wall degradation processes. Through a comparison between treatment-associated AS genes and subcluster-4 DEGs, we identified eight genes, including Pectinesterase 2(VvPE2, Vitvi15g00704), which encodes a cell wall-degrading enzyme and was predicted to undergo an A3SS event. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the presence of a truncated transcript variant of VvPE2 in the FA-treated *** study provides a comprehensive analysis of AS events in postharvest grape berries using transcriptome sequencing and underscores the pivotal role of VvPE2 during the postharvest storage of grape berries.

关键词： grape postharvest softening folic acid alternative splicing Pectinesterase 2 alternative 3'splice site(A3SS)

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A Tale of Two Visits

ChinAfrica 2024年第10期16卷 14-15页

作者： charles ONUNAIJU Centre for China Studies AbujaNigeria

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s visit to Africa focuses on addressing practical issues,while US adapts to a changing *** 13 to 18 January,Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited four African countries in keeping with the more than three decades of tradition where Chinese foreign ministers start their yearly overseas visits with a trip to ***,while these visits have become a routine for China’s diplomatic practice,they are not an empty *** represent a tradition of China-Africa pragmatic cooperation defined by mutual consultations and tangible *** is neither opportunistic nor paternalistic,but rather engagement in the specific issues of concern for the particular country in relation to bilateral cooperation with China and the overall framework of the broader and comprehensive China-Africa cooperation.

关键词： mutual Africa cooperation

A Democracy That Works Western democracies have failed to address people’s livelihood concerns while the Chinese practice has made notable achievements

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ChinAfrica 2024年第5期16卷 16-17页

作者： charles ONUNAIJU Centre for China Studies AbujaNigeria

More than 200 scholars,researchers,former government o!cials and party leaders from over 50 countries gathered in the sprawling building of the Chinese Academy of History in Beijing on 20 March for the third International Forum on Democracy:The Shared Human *** forum debated the concept of democracy,its trajectories and prospects,and,more importantly,how it can be made to work and deliver tangible results for di"erent countries.

关键词： Democracy gathered debate

The Role of Certificates and Labels for Cocoa in the Face of Climate Change: A Scientific Review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 281-313页

作者： charles Hans Opoku Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Gttingen Germany

Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.

关键词： Adaptation Biophysical Environment Climate Change Cocoa Certificates Environmental Social Governance Mitigation Geographical Indications