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Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Potential Using AVO Analysis in the FORMAT Field, Niger Delta Basin, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第3期14卷 403-430页

作者： charles Chibueze Ugbor Onyebuchi Samuel Onyeabor Ifeanyi Celestine Ugwuoke Department of Geology University of Nigeria Nsukka Enugu State Nigeria

The study involved the evaluation of the hydrocarbon potential of FORMAT Field, coastal swamp depobelt Niger delta, Nigeria to obtain a more efficient reservoir characterization and fluid properties identification. Despite advances in seismic data interpretation using traditional 3D seismic data interpretation, obtaining adequate reservoir characteristics at the finest level had proved very challenging with often disappointing results. A method that integrates the amplitude variation with offfset (AVO) analysis is hereby proposed to better illuminate the reservoir. The Hampson Russell 10.3 was used to integrate and study the available seismic and well data. The reservoir of interest was delineated using the available suite of petrophysical data. This was marked by low gamma ray, high resistivity, and low acoustic impedance between a true subsea vertical depth (TVDss) range of 10,350 - 10,450 ft. The AVO fluid substitution yielded a decrease in the density values of pure gas (2.3 - 1.6 g/cc), pure oil (2.3 - 1.8 g/cc) while the Poisson pure brine increased (2.3 to 2.8 g/cc). Result from FORMAT 26 plots yielded a negative intercept and negative gradient at the top and a positive intercept and positive gradient at the Base which conforms to Class III AVO anomaly. FORMAT 30 plots yielded a negative intercept and positive gradient at the top and a positive intercept and negative gradient at the Base which conforms to class IV AVO anomaly. AVO attribute volume slices decreased in the Poisson ratio (0.96 to - 1.0) indicating that the reservoir contains hydrocarbon. The s-wave reflectivity and the product of the intercept and gradient further clarified that there was a Class 3 gas sand in the reservoir and the possibility of a Class 4 gas sand anomaly in that same reservoir.

关键词： AVO Analysis Hydrocarbon Potential Fluid Properties Reservoir Characterization Petrophysical Data Hampson Russel

Integrated Geological and Geophysical Mapping for Groundwater Potential Studies at Ekwegbe-Agu and Environs, Enugu State, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Geology 2024年第4期14卷 513-547页

作者： charles Chibueze Ugbor Ugochukwu Kingsley Ogbodo Osita Kelechi Eze Department of Geology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria

The study integrates both the geological and geophysical mapping techniques for groundwater potential studies at Ekwegbe-Agu and the environs, Enugu state, Nigeria for optimal citing of borehole. Located in the Anambra Basin between latitudes 6˚43'N and 6˚47'N and longitudes 7˚28'E and 7˚32'E, it is stratigraphycally underlain by, from bottom to top, the Enugu/Nkporo, Mamu and Ajali Formation respectively, a complex geology that make citing of productive borehole in the area problematic leading to borehole failure and dry holes due to inadequate sampling. The study adopted a field and analytic sampling approach, integrating field geological, electrical resistivity and self-potential methods. The software, SedLog v3.1, InterpexIx1Dv.3, and Surfer v10 were employed for the data integration and interpretation. The result of the geological field and borehole data shows 11 sedimentary facies consisting of sandstone, shales and heterolith of sandstone/shale, with the aquifer zone mostly prevalent in the more porous sand-dominated horizons. Mostly the AK and HK were the dominant curve types. An average of 6 geo-electric layers were delineated across all transects with resistivity values ranging from 25.42 - 105.85 Ωm, 186.38 - 3383.3 Ωm, and 2992 - 6286.4 Ωm in the Enugu, Mamu and Ajali Formations respectively. The resistivity of the main aquifer layer ranges from 1 to 500 Ωm. The aquifer thickness within the study area varies between 95 and 140 m. The western and northwestern part of the study area which is underlain mainly by the Ajali Formation showed the highest groundwater potential in the area and suitable for citing productive boreholes.

关键词： Seismic Ekwegbe-Agu Groundwater Resistivity Field Mapping Borehole Logging

Simultaneous Waveform Inverse Modelling for Litho-Fluid Prediction in an Old Marginal, “Agbbo”Field, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第5期12卷 40-59页

作者： charles Chibueze Ugbor Peter Ogobi Odong Chukwuemeka Austine Okonkwo Department of Geology University of Nigeria Nsukka Nigeria Department of Geology and Mining Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu Nigeria

Simultaneous waveform inversion was used to predict lithofacies and fluid type across the field. Very often, characterizing reservoirs in terms of lithology and fluid type using conventional methods is replete with uncertainties, especially in marginal fields. An approach is employed in this study that integrated rock physics and waveform inverse modelling for lithology and fluid-type characterization to appropriately identify potential hydrocarbon saturated zones and their corresponding lithology. Seismic and well-log data were analyzed using Hampson Russel software. The method adopted includes lithofacies and fluid content analysis using rock physics parameters and seismic simultaneous inverse modelling. Rock physics analysis identified 2 broad reservoirs namely: HDZ1 and HDZ2 reservoirs. Results from the inverse modelling showed that low values of acoustic impedance from 19,743 to 20,487 (ft/s)(g/cc) reflect hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs while medium to high values shows brine and shale respectively, with brine zone ranging from 20,487 to 22,531 (ft/s)(g/cc) and shale above 22,531 (ft/s)(g/cc). Two lithofacies were identified from inversion analysis of Vp/Vs and Mu-Rho, namely: sand and shale with VpVs 1.95 values respectively. Mu-Rho > 12.29 (GPa)(g/cc) and <12.29 (GPa) (g/cc) represent sand and shale respectively. From 3D volume, it was observed that a high accumulation of hydrocarbon was observed to be saturated at the north to the eastern part of the field forming a meandering channel. Sands were mainly distributed around the northeastern to the southwestern part of the field, that tends to be away from Well 029. This was also validated by the volume of rigidity modulus (Mu-Rho) showing high values indicating sands fall within the northeastern part of the field.

关键词： Simultaneous Waveform Inversion Lithofacies Fluid Type Rock Physics Hydrocarbon Acoustic Impedance Mu-Rho Reservoir

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华人社群档案对我国乡村档案自治的启发

浙江档案 2024年第2期 23-26+31页

作者：王露露 charles Jeurgens 北京大学信息管理系荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学

通过对荷兰华人的调研发现其社群档案与我国乡村档案具有文化同构的特征，可为我国乡村振兴背景下的记忆建构、文化发展和民族认同提供支持。研究发现荷兰华人社群档案的建构过程表现出如下特征：一是社群档案重构以家庭为场域；二是社... 详细信息

通过对荷兰华人的调研发现其社群档案与我国乡村档案具有文化同构的特征，可为我国乡村振兴背景下的记忆建构、文化发展和民族认同提供支持。研究发现荷兰华人社群档案的建构过程表现出如下特征：一是社群档案重构以家庭为场域；二是社群档案的主体意志较强烈；三是社群档案的符号价值较显著；四是社群档案的组织方式较多元。从我国当前乡村人口流动的现状出发，针对我国乡村社群档案发展的问题，提出以家庭为结构服务于乡村文化振兴、以个体的视角服务于民族身份认同、以行动为方法服务于档案基层自治、以团结为目的服务于档案共生发展。

关键词：乡村社群档案荷兰华人档案基层档案自治乡村振兴

National Social Investment Programmes in Nigeria:A Descriptive Analysis of the Socio-Economic Contributions of N-Power Programme in Benue State

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Management Studies 2024年第1期12卷 9-20页

作者： Robert Idoko Ogwola Dennis Anyebe Olofu charles Amobi Aneke Federal University GashuaNigeria National Council for Arts and Culture Garki-AbujaNigeria

This study analysed the socio-economic contributions of N-Power programme amongst the beneficiaries of the scheme in Benue *** to the introduction of N-Power programme,successive administrations in Nigeria have made concerted efforts towards improving the standard of living of the citizenry through the execution of various welfare or social intervention programmes,but not much successes were *** from the mistakes of the past regimes,and by way of deliberate state policy,the Buhari’s government initiated a multi-pronged social investment policy,one of which is the N-power programme that came onboard in 2016,which also doubles as the subject of this *** achieve the goal of this study,a combination of desktop research and survey design was *** were administered to 390 respondents through a combination of stratified and random sampling *** results of the survey were matched with that of the secondary data obtained through online websites and other related *** result indicated that N-Power made positive contributions to the socio-economic life of the beneficiaries in Benue State:specifically,the scheme contributed in poverty eradication,employment generation,skills acquisitions and capacity ***,some aspect of our findings revealed that the programme has a number of challenges such as:inadequate cash support,delay in monthly cash transfer to beneficiaries,distance participants had to move to their work stations,absence of posting in N-Teach scheme,and lack of adequate working tools amongst *** salvage this problem the paper recommended the following solutions:expansion of the scheme to cover N-Teach and other aspects,increment in the monthly cash transfer to cushion the high rate of inflation,support for the participants/beneficiaries in transportation and logistics,enrolment of more youth into the various schemes,proper monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the schemes among

关键词： national social investment programme N-Power contributions socio-economic development

Impact of COVID-19 on Safety Performance for Motorcycles: Pre-and during-Pandemic Conditions

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Journal of Transportation Technologies 2024年第3期14卷 390-401页

作者： Hongyun Chen Amelia Lawson charles Hurda Madalyn Smith Tate Grant Civil Engineering Department Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach FL USA

Florida has the highest number of motorcycle fatalities in the United States and contains the second largest population of registered motorcycles. The COVID-19 pandemic influenced the roads, traffic, and driving behavior in the continental United States. Motorcycle crashes decreased during the COVID-19 years (2020 and 2021) while the fatality rates increased. The purpose of this study is to 1) investigate motorcycle crashes before and during the Pandemic period to understand the impacts on motorcycle safety and contributing factors to the crash severity levels;2) develop the crash predictive model for different degrees of severity in motorcycle crashes in Florida. Florida statewide crash data were collected. T tests have been conducted to compare the contributing factors between two periods. The injury severities are significantly different among all five levels between those during normal period and the Pandemic period. A crash predictive model has been developed to determine the facts to injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes. A total of eight variables are found to significantly increase the injury severity levels for motorcycle crashes during the Pandemic period.

关键词： Motorcycle Crash Pandemic Injury Severity Contributing Factors

COVID-19 vaccination produces exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells regardless of infection history

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 99-107页

作者： Kyle A.Smith Tiffany M.Zúñiga Forrest L.Baker Helena Batatinha charles R.Pedlar Shane C.Burgess Michael P.Gustafson Emmanuel Katsanis Richard J.Simpson School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Department of Pediatrics The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Faculty of Sport Allied Health and Performance ScienceSt.Mary's UniversityTwickenham TW14SXUK Institute of Sport Exercise and Health University College LondonLondon WC1E 7HUUK Department of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA The University of Arizona Cancer Center The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85719USA Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Mayo Clinic ArizonaPhoenixAZ 85054USA Department of Immunobiology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Medicine The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA Department of Pathology The University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85724USA

Background:The mobilization and redistribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)specific T-cells and neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)during exercise is purported to increase immune surveillance and protect against severe coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).We sought to determine if COVID-19 vaccination would elicit exercise-responsive SARS-CoV-2 T-cells and transiently alter nAb ***:Eighteen healthy participants completed a 20-min bout of graded cycling exercise before and/or after receiving a COVID-19 *** major leukocyte subtypes were enumerated before,during,and after exercise by flow cytometry,and immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 were determined using whole blood peptide stimulation assays,T-cell receptor(TCR)-βsequencing,and SARS-CoV-2 nAb ***:COVID-19 vaccination had no effect on the mobilization or egress of major leukocyte subsets in response to intensity-controlled graded ***,non-infected participants had a significantly reduced mobilization of CD4+and CD8+naive T-cells,as well as CD4+central memory T-cells,after vaccination(synthetic immunity group);this was not seen after vaccination in those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection(hybrid immunity group).Acute exercise after vaccination robustly mobilized SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells to blood in an intensity-dependent *** groups mobilized T-cells that reacted to spike protein;however,only the hybrid immunity group mobilized T-cells that reacted to membrane and nucleocapsid *** increased significantly during exercise only in the hybrid immunity ***:These data indicate that acute exercise mobilizes SARS-CoV-2 specific T-cells that recognize spike protein and increases the redistribution of nAbs in individuals with hybrid immunity.

关键词： Anti-viral COVID-19 Exercise immunology SARS-CoV-2 T-Cells Vaccine

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Asbestos Exposure during Gasket Removal from Aircraft Engine

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2024年第2期12卷 59-67页

作者： charles L. Blake Kevin M. Guth Raymond D. Harbison Apex Companies Marietta USA Center for Environmental and Occupational Risk Analysis and Management College of Public Health University of South Florida Tampa USA

We have previously evaluated asbestos exposure associated with various maintenance procedures on light aircraft. The purpose of this study was to evaluate asbestos exposure during engine maintenance on light aircraft. This test was designed to evaluate the potential for asbestos exposure to mechanics and others who remove asbestos-containing engine gaskets from reciprocating style aircraft engines. Utilized in this test was an air cooled, horizontally opposed, aviation gasoline burning engine, assembled during 1986 and operated intermittently up into 2015, having accumulated 1680 hours run time. Nearly 75% of the asbestos-containing gaskets installed during 1986 were still in place at the time of testing. Chrysotile asbestos contents of such gaskets ranged from 55% to 60% by area, for those of sheet style and 5% by area, for the spiral wound metal/asbestos style. Despite the levels of effort required to effect gasket removals, the professional aircraft mechanic was not exposed to airborne asbestos fibers at the lower limits of sampling and analytical detection achieved;all of which were substantially less than the current Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limits for asbestos. The results of this testing indicate an absence of gasket related asbestos exposure risk to mechanics who work with light aircraft engines, including those having asbestos-containing gaskets. These results are consistent with the findings of Mlyarek and Van Orden who studied the asbestos exposure risk occasioned during overhaul of larger radial style reciprocating aircraft engines [1].

关键词： Asbestos Exposure Gaskets Aircraft Engine Friction Materials

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老古玩店

英语画刊(高中版) 2024年第4期 14-17页

作者： charles Dickens

《老古玩店老古玩店》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯18401840-1841年发表的长篇小说表的长篇小说，被誉为“维多利亚时期的忧伤”。老古玩店店主吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命。吐伦...

《老古玩店老古玩店》是英国作家查尔斯·狄更斯18401840-1841年发表的长篇小说表的长篇小说，被誉为“维多利亚时期的忧伤”。老古玩店店主吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命吐伦特和他美丽善良的外孙女小耐儿相依为命。吐伦特想让不满14岁的外孙女过上更好的生活岁的外孙女过上更好的生活，却落入高利贷暴发户丹尼尔尼尔·奎尔普的魔爪。贪得无厌的奎尔普不仅夺走了老古玩店店，还想夺取美丽的小耐儿。祖孙二人被迫逃离伦敦，过着四处乞讨的生活处乞讨的生活。本文节选自全书的第一章。

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