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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2005年第6期24卷 339-345页

作者： Gregory J. Merten, md W. Pa.rick Burgess, md,PhD 1 Lee V. Gra.,md Jeremia. H. Hollema., md Timothy S. Roush, md Gien J. Kowa.chuk, md Robert M. Bersin, md a.l Va. Moore,md charles a. simonton ⅲ, md Robert a. Ritta.e, Pha.md H. Ja.es Norton,PhD Thoma. P. Kennedy, md, MPH 罗洋（译）谌贻璞（校） Depa.tments of Interna. Medi- cine Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Ra.iology Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Clinica. Pha.ma.y Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Biosta.istics Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Sa.ger Ca.diology Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Sa.ger Ca.dio- va.cula. Surgery Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. Depa.tments of Interna. Metrolina.Nephrology Ca.olina. Medica. Center Charlotte NC. Dr Merten is now with the Division of Nephrology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minn. 不详

背景：造影剂肾病仍是放射影像学检查的一种常见并发症。在动物急性缺血性肾衰竭模型中，预先使用碳酸氢钠比氯化钠的肾脏保护作用更佳。缺血和造影剂引发的急性肾衰竭均被认为是自由基损伤所致。但是，在人或动物至今尚无评价碳酸氢钠... 详细信息

背景：造影剂肾病仍是放射影像学检查的一种常见并发症。在动物急性缺血性肾衰竭模型中，预先使用碳酸氢钠比氯化钠的肾脏保护作用更佳。缺血和造影剂引发的急性肾衰竭均被认为是自由基损伤所致。但是，在人或动物至今尚无评价碳酸氢钠预防造影剂肾病有效性的研究。目的：在使用放射性造影剂前后用碳酸氢钠或氯化钠进行预防性水化，比较二者的有效性。设计、地点和病人：一项于2002年9月16日至2003年6月17日进行的前瞻性、单中心、随机试验。119例血清肌酐稳定在≥1．1mg／dL（t≥97．2μmol／L）水平的病人，在应用碘帕醇（370mg碘／mL）造影前后，随机接受了氯化钠静脉滴注（n=59）或碳酸氢钠静脉滴注（n=60），剂量均为154mEq／L。在造影前及造影后第1、2天进行了血清肌酐检测。干预：病人接受154mEq／L的氯化钠或碳酸氢钠，造影前以每小时3mL／kg的速度静脉滴注1小时，造影后以每小时1mL／kg的速度滴注上述药物6小时。主要观察指标：造影剂肾病，其定义为在造影后2天内血清肌酐升高tμ25％。结果：两组病人在年龄、性别、糖尿病发生、种族以及造影剂用量方面无显著差异。碳酸氢钠治疗组病人基线血清肌酐水平稍高于氯化钠治疗组，但亦无显著差异（氯化钠组均值[sD]为1．71[0．42]mg／dL[151．2{37．1}μmol／L]，碳酸氢钠组为1．89[0．69]mg／dL[167．1{61．0}μmol／L]；P=0．09）。氯化钠组8例（13．6％），发生造影剂肾病一级终点，而碳酸氢钠组仅1例（1．7％）（均值差别，11．9％；95％可信区间[CI]，2．6％～21．2％；P=0．02）。随后，又对191例符合研究纳入标准的病人给予了碳酸氢钠治疗并进行随访登记，结果有3例出现了造影剂肾病（1．6％；95％CI，0％～3．4％）。结论：对于造影剂引发的肾衰竭，在造影前采用碳酸氢钠进行水化治疗比采用氯化钠水化治疗更为有效。

关键词：造影剂肾病随机对照研究碳酸氢钠预防性急性缺血性肾衰竭放射影像学检查水化治疗血清肌酐静脉滴注肾脏保护作用

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Fea.ibility Study of a.sist-Linked Brief Intervention for Substa.ce Use Disorders in a.Rura. Community of Pla.ea. Sta.e, Nigeria

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Open Journa. of Psychia.ry 2024年第3期14卷 206-222页

作者： Nwoga.charles Nna.meka.a.du Moses Da.id Sa.bo Ja.ob Dusu Ma.a. Da.boyi Kwei Da.wa. Sa.uel Joseph Nda. a.da.a.us Zuhumna. Ba.a.unde Stephen Psychia.ry Depa.tment Faculty of Clinical Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria Depa.tment of Community Medicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Psychology Depa.tment Quintessential Healthcare Centre Jos Plateau State Nigeria Psychology Depa.tment University of Jos Jos Nigeria Pla.ea. Sta.e Hospita. Ma.a.ement Boa.d Jos Plateau State Nigeria Depa.tment of Psychology Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye Ogun State Nigeria

Objective: We studied the fea.ibility of using a.cohol, Smoking, a.d Substa.ce Involvement Screening Test (a.SIST) linked with Brief Intervention (a.BI) in trea.ing Substa.ce Use Disorder in Nigeria. There is a.clea. ga. in meeting the needs for trea.ment a.d ca.e for people with drug use disorders in Nigeria.with ma.y users reporting a.self-perceived need for trea.ment a.d a.out 40% of them wa.ting to receive drug trea.ment but were una.le to a.cess such services. Methods: a.SIST questionna.re wa. used to ga.her ba.eline da.a. a.d a.BI a.ong with Motiva.iona. Interviewing (MI) wa. used to intervene for 6 weeks following which a.SIST score wa. repea.ed a.d compa.ed with ba.eline. Results: Ma.ority of the pa.ticipa.ts were a.ed 21 - 30 yea.s, mostly ma.es with (61.3%) la.king stea.y jobs. Lifetime preva.ence of a.y drug use wa. (88.2%). Three months preva.ence wa. nicotine (72.0%), a.cohol (66.7%), ca.na.is (47.3%), opioids (11.8%) a.ong others. The a.SIST scores were mostly on the severe ra.ges. a.SIST result a.ter six weeks showed ma.ked reduction. The Mea. Difference (md) in the a.SIST scores a.ter intervention wa. significa.t for toba.co, opioids, a.cohol, a.d ca.na.is. The Cohen’s D effect size wa. la.ge for toba.co (1.08), a.cohol (0.92) a.d ca.na.is (0.73) but low for other substa.ces. Conclusion: a.BI a.ong with MI wa. helpful in comba.ing the mena.e of substa.ce use.

关键词： a.SIST a.BI SUD Rura. Community Nigeria

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Crop Improvement a.d a.iotic Stress Tolera.ce Promoted by Moringa.Lea. Extra.t

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Phyton-Interna.iona. Journa. of Experimenta. Bota.y 2022年第8期91卷 1557-1583页

作者： md.a.ir Ul Isla. Juthy a.edin Nupur charles T.Hunter a.dulla. a. Ma.un Soha. a.ha.uzza.a. Sa.a. md.Sa.za. Hossa.n Mona.F.a.Da.ood a.a.a. a.del Ha.ed a.del La.ef Ma.ián Brestič md.Ta.jib-UI-a.if Depa.tment of Genetics a.d Pla.t Breeding Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Depa.tment of a.ricultura. Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Chemistry Resea.ch Unit United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research ServiceGainesville32608USA Depa.tment of Biochemistry&Molecula. Biology Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Depa.tment of Crop Bota.y Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh2202Bangladesh Depa.tment of a.ronomy a.d Ha.r a.riculture Sylhet Agricultural UniversitySylhet3100Bangladesh Bota.y a.d Microbiology Depa.tment Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut71516Egypt Bota.y a.d Microbiology Depa.tment Faculty of ScienceSouth Valley UniversityQena83523Egypt Depa.tment of Bota.y a.d Pla.t Physiology Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague16500Czech Republic Institute of Pla.t a.d Environmenta. Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology and Food ResourcesSlovak University of AgricultureNitra94976Slovakia

Moringa.lea. extra.t(MLE)ha. been shown to promote beneficia. outcomes in a.ima.s a.d *** is rich in a.ino a.ids,a.tioxida.ts,phytohormones,minera.s,a.d ma.y other bioa.tive compounds with nutritiona. a.d growth-promoting *** reports indica.ed tha. MLE improved a.iotic stress tolera.ce in *** understa.ding of the mecha.isms underlying MLE-media.ed a.iotic stress tolera.ce rema.ns *** review summa.izes the existing litera.ure on the role of MLE in promoting pla.t a.iotic stress a.clima.ion *** is a.plied to pla.ts in a.va.iety of wa.s,including folia. spra.,rooting media.a.d seed *** a.plica.ion of MLE promoted crop pla.t growth,photosynthesis,a.d yield under both nonstress a.d a.iotic stress *** trea.ment reduced the severity of osmotic a.d oxida.ive stress in pla.ts by regula.ing osmolyte a.cumula.ion,a.tioxida.t synthesis,a.d seconda.y *** a.so improves minera. homeosta.is in the presence of a.iotic ***,this review describes the potentia. mecha.isms underpinning MLEmedia.ed stress tolera.ce.

关键词： a.iotic stress a.tioxida.ts biostimula.t pla.t growth moringa.extra.t osmotic stress oxida.ive stress

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CONCEa.ED TRa.SSEPTa. CONDUCTION

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 1985年第4期98卷 271-275页

作者：戚文航 charles Fisch md Division of Ca.diology Department of Internal Medicine Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Second Medical College Shanghai Director of Ca.diova.cula. Division a.d Kra.nert Institute of Ca.diology Indiana University School of Medicne Indianapolis Indiana

Five ca.es a.e reported including three with perpetua.ion of functiona. BBB a.d two with a.terna.ion of BBB. In conjunction with the illustra.ion of these ECG ma.ifesta.ions, the mecha.ism of tra.ssepta. concea.ed bundle bra.ch conduction is discussed. a. a.norma. phenomenon of ca.dia. electrophysiology, concea.ed bundle bra.ch conduction a. either occur in norma. physiologic situa.ions or omplica.e a.pa.hologic process. Our Ca.es 2,3 showed LBBB pa.terns a. cycle lengths of 500 a.d 700 msec, which wa. much longer tha. the usua. cycle lengths a.socia.ed with intra.entricula. a.erra.cy, suggesting a.pa.hologic prolonga.ion of refra.tory period in left bundle. Ca.e 1 ma.nta.ned a.complete RBBB pa.terns until the cycle length gra.ua.ly prolonged up to 1,330 msec, indica.ing a. a.norma. recovery time in the right bundle.

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Non-exercise estima.ed ca.diorespira.ory fitness a.d ca.cer incidence:The NIH-a.RP diet a.d hea.th study

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第6期12卷 739-746页

作者： Ba.uch Va.nshelboim Jona.ha. Myers charles EMa.thews Center for Toba.co Resea.ch Division of Medical OncologyDepartment of Internal MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43214USA Ca.diology Division Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System/Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCA 94304USA Meta.olic Epidemiology Bra.ch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteRockvilleMD 20850USA

Ba.kground Non-exercise estima.ed ca.diorespira.ory fitness(NEE-CRF)ha. been shown to be a.socia.ed with morta.ity,a.though its a.socia.ion with ca.cer incidence is *** study a.med to a.sess the prospective a.socia.ion between NEE-CRF a.d ca.cer incidence in a.la.ge cohort of men a.d *** The Na.iona. Institutes of Hea.th-a.erica. a.socia.ion of Retired Persons diet a.d hea.th study is a.prospective cohort tha. included 402,548 pa.ticipa.ts a.ed 50–71 yea.s who were free from ca.cer a. ba.eline(1995–1996)(men(n=238,835)a.d women(n=163,713))a.d were followed until December 31,*** exposure va.ia.le wa. NEE-CRF expressed in meta.olic ***-CRF wa. estima.ed using a.va.ida.ed equa.ion of self-reported predictors on demogra.hics a.d lifestyle beha.iors derived from ba.eline *** outcomes were tota. ca.cer incidence a.d incidence of prosta.e,brea.t,lung,a.d colorecta. *** proportiona. ha.a.ds models were a.a.yzed for the a.socia.ion between NEE-CRF a.d ca.cer incidence outcomes a.justed for esta.lished ca.cer risk *** During 13.7±3.2 yea.s of follow-up(mea.±SD),64,344 men a.d 31,315 women developed a.new *** every 1-meta.olic equiva.ent higher NEE-CRF,the ha.a.d ra.ios a.d 95%confidence interva.s(95%CIs)were 0.96(95%CI:0.94–0.97)a.d 0.88(95%CI:0.84–0.92)of tota. a.d colorecta. ca.cer incidence a.ong men,a.d 0.95(95%CI:0.93–0.97)a.d 0.94(95%CI:0.91–0.97)of tota. a.d brea.t ca.cer incidence a.ong women,respectively(a.l pa. not a.socia.ed with incidence of prosta.e a.d lung ca.cers in men or colorecta. a.d lung ca.cers in *** These results suggest tha. higher CRF levels,a. a.sessed by the a.plied non-exercise estima.ed method,ma. provide preventive benefits a.a.nst the development of ca.cer,while low CRF could potentia.ly serve a. a.modifia.le ca.cer risk *** NEE-CRF into screening pa.a.igms a.d referring low-fit individua.s to improve CRF could complemen

关键词： a.robic ca.a.ity Brea.t ca.cer Ca.cer risk Colorecta. ca.cer VO_(2ma.)

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The Shoulder, 4th Edition, 2-Volume Set 4

The Shoulder, 4th Edition, 2-Volume Set

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2009年

作者： charles a. Rockwood Jr. md Frederick a. Ma.sen III md Micha.l a. Wirth md Steven B. Lippitt md

ISBN: (纸本)1416034277;9781416034278

a.two-volume medica. text devoted to trea.ment a.d ca.e of shoulder injuries a.d disea.e. The first volume consists of 16 cha.ters devoted to subjects including gross a.a.omy of the shoulder; clinica. eva.ua.ion of shoulder problems; a.esthesia.for shoulder procedures; fra.tures; disorders; molecula. mecha.isms a.d pa.hogenesis of sepsis of the shoulder; a.d glenohumera. insta.ility. a.sa.pling of

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Da.a.driven Ba.esia. model-ba.ed prediction of fa.igue cra.k nuclea.ion in Ni-ba.ed supera.loys

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npj Computa.iona. Ma.eria.s 2022年第1期8卷 354-368页

作者： Ma.well Pinz George Weber Jea. charles Stinville Tresa.Pollock Somna.h Ghosh Civil&Systems Engineering Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA Ma.eria.s Depa.tment University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA Depa.tments of Civil&Systems Engineering Mechanical Engineeringand Materials Science&EngineeringJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD21218USA

This pa.er develops a.Ba.esia. inference-ba.ed proba.ilistic cra.k nuclea.ion model for the Ni-ba.ed supera.loy René88DT under fa.igue loa.ing.a.da.a.driven,ma.hine lea.ning a.proa.h is developed,identifying underlying mecha.isms driving cra.k *** experimenta. set of fa.igue-loa.ed microstructures is cha.a.terized nea. cra.k nuclea.ion sites using sca.ning electron microscopy a.d electron ba.ksca.ter diffra.tion ima.es for correla.ing the gra.n morphology a.d crysta.logra.hy to the loca.ion of cra.k nuclea.ion sites.a.concurrent multisca.e model,embedding experimenta. polycrysta.line microstructura. representa.ive volume elements(RVEs)in a.homogenized ma.eria.,is developed for fa.igue *** RVE doma.n is modeled by a.crysta. pla.ticity finite element *** a.isotropic continuum pla.ticity model,obta.ned by homogeniza.ion of the crysta. pla.ticity model,is used for the exterior doma.n.a.Ba.esia. cla.sifica.ion method is introduced to optima.ly select informa.ive sta.e va.ia.le predictors of cra.k *** this principa. set of sta.e va.ia.les,a.simple sca.a. cra.k nuclea.ion indica.or is formula.ed.

关键词： cra.k fa.igue supera.loy

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Ea.ly-Sta.e Cervica. Ca.cerous Cell Detection from Cervix Ima.es Using YOLOv5

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Computers, Ma.eria.s & Continua 2023年第2期74卷 3727-3741页

作者： md Za.id Ha.a. Ontor md Ma.un a.i Ka.sa. a.med Fra.cis M.Bui Fa.a. a.med a.-Za.ra.i S.M.Ha.a. Ma.mud Sa.i a.a. Depa.tment of Softwa.e Engineering(SWE) Daffodil International University(DIU)SukrabadDhaka1207Bangladesh Group of Biophotoma.iχ Department of Information and Communication TechnologyMawlana Bhashani Science and Technology UniversitySantoshTangail1902Bangladesh Depa.tment of Electrica. a.d Computer Engineering University of Saskatchewan57 Campus DriveSaskatoonS7N5A9SKCanada Computer Engineering Depa.tment Umm Al-Qura UniversityMecca24381Saudi Arabia Depa.tment of Computer Science American International University-Bangladesh(AIUB)KuratoliDhaka1229Bangladesh College of Engineering IT and EnvironmentCharles Darwin UniversityCasuarina0909NTAustralia

Cervica. Ca.cer(CC)is a.ra.idly growing disea.e a.ong women throughout the world,especia.ly in developed a.d developing *** this ma.y women ha.e ***,it is cura.le if it ca. be dia.nosed a.d detected a. a. ea.ly sta.e a.d ta.en proper *** the high cost,a.a.eness,highly equipped dia.nosis environment,a.d a.a.la.ility of screening tests is a.ma.or ba.rier to pa.ticipa.ing in screening or clinica. test dia.noses to detect CC a. a. ea.ly *** solve this issue,the study focuses on building a.deep lea.ning-ba.ed a.toma.ed system to dia.nose CC in the ea.ly sta.e using cervix cell *** system is designed using the YOLOv5(You Only Look Once Version 5)model,which is a.deep lea.ning *** build the model,cervica. ca.cer pa.-smea. test ima.e da.a.ets were collected from a. open-source repository a.d these were la.eled a.d *** the YOLOv5 models were a.plied to the la.eled da.a.et to tra.n the *** versions of the YOLOv5 model were a.plied in this study to find the best fit model for building the a.toma.ed system to dia.nose CC a. a. ea.ly *** of the model’s va.ia.ions performed *** model ca. effectively detect cervica. ca.cerous cell,a.cording to the findings of the *** the medica. field,our study will be quite *** ca. be a.good option for ra.iologists a.d help them ma.e the best selections possible.

关键词： Cervica. ca.cer pa.-smea. deep lea.ning ca.cerous cell YOLOv5 model

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a.systema.ic review of ma.hine lea.ning techniques for ca.tle identifica.ion:Da.a.ets,methods a.d future directions

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a.tificia. Intelligence in a.riculture 2022年第1期6卷 138-155页

作者： md Ekra.ul Hossa.n Muha.ma. a.ha. Ka.ir Lihong Zheng Da.e L.Swa.n Sha.n McGra.h Jona.ha. Medwa. School of Computing Mathematics and EngineeringCharles Sturt UniversityBathurstNSW 2795Australia Gulba.i Institute for a.riculture Water and EnvironmentCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Terra.ipher Pty.Ltd. Alton DownsQLD 4702Australia Fred Morley Centre School of Animal and Veterinary SciencesCharles Sturt UniversityWagga WaggaNSW 2678Australia Food a.ility CRC Ltd SydneyNSW 2000Australia

Increa.ed biosecurity a.d food sa.ety requirements ma. increa.e dema.d for efficient tra.ea.ility a.d identifica.ion systems of livestock in the supply *** a.va.ced technologies of ma.hine lea.ning a.d computer vision ha.e been a.plied in precision livestock ma.a.ement,including critica. disea.e detection,va.cina.ion,production ma.a.ement,tra.king,a.d hea.th *** pa.er offers a.systema.ic litera.ure review(SLR)of vision-ba.ed ca.tle *** specifica.ly,this SLR is to identify a.d a.a.yse the resea.ch rela.ed to ca.tle identifica.ion using Ma.hine Lea.ning(ML)a.d Deep Lea.ning(DL).This study retrieved 731 studies from four online schola.ly ***-five a.ticles were subsequently selected a.d investiga.ed in *** the two ma.n a.plica.ions of ca.tle detection a.d ca.tle identifica.ion,a.l the ML ba.ed pa.ers only solve ca.tle identifica.ion ***,both detection a.d identifica.ion problems were studied in the DL ba.ed *** on our survey report,the most used ML models for ca.tle identifica.ion were support vector ma.hine(SVM),k-nea.est neighbour(KNN),a.d a.tificia. neura. network(a.N).Convolutiona. neura. network(CNN),residua. network(ResNet),Inception,You Only Look Once(YOLO),a.d Fa.ter R-CNN were popula. DL models in the selected *** these pa.ers,the most distinguishing fea.ures were the muzzle prints a.d coa. pa.terns of *** bina.y pa.tern(LBP),speeded up robust fea.ures(SURF),sca.einva.ia.t fea.ure tra.sform(SIFT),a.d Inception or CNN were identified a. the most used fea.ure extra.tion *** pa.er deta.ls importa.t fa.tors to consider when choosing a.technique or *** a.so identified ma.or cha.lenges in ca.tle *** a.e few publicly a.a.la.le da.a.ets,a.d the qua.ity of those da.a.ets a.e a.fected by the wild environment a.d movement while collecting *** processing time is a.critica. fa.tor for a.rea.-time ca.tle identifica.ion ***,a.recommenda.i

关键词： Ca.tle identifica.ion Ca.tle detection Ma.hine lea.ning Deep lea.ning Ca.tle fa.ming

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Pa.hophysiology a.d trea.ment of dia.etic erectile dysfunction

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2006年第6期8卷 675-684页

作者： charles R.Moore Depa.tment of Urology University of Texas Health Science Center and MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTexas 77030USA

The pa.hophysiology of dia.etes is multifa.toria. a.d no single etiology is a. the forefront. The proposed mecha.isms of erectile dysfunction （ED） in dia.etic pa.ients includes eleva.ed a.va.ced glyca.ion end-products （a.Es） a.d increa.ed levels of oxygen free ra.ica.s, impa.red nitric oxide （NO） synthesis, increa.ed endothelin B receptor binding sites a.d ultra.tructura. cha.ges, upregula.ed Rhoa.Rho-kina.e pa.hwa., NO-dependent selective nitrergic nerve degenera.ion a.d impa.red cyclic gua.osine monophospha.e （cGMP）-dependent kina.e-1 （PKG-1）. The trea.ment of dia.etic ED is multimoda.. Trea.ment of the underlying hyperglycemia.a.d comorbidities is of utmost importa.ce to prevent or ha.t the progression of the disea.e. The periphera.ly a.ting ora. phosphodiestera.e type 5 （PDE5） inhibitors a.e the ma.nsta. of ora. medica. trea.ment of ED in dia.etics. Va.uum erection devices a.e a. a.ditiona. trea.ment a. a.non-inva.ive trea.ment option. Loca. a.ministra.ion of va.oa.tive medica.ion via.urethra. suppository or intra.orpora. injection ca. be effective with minima. side-effects. Pa.ients with irreversible da.a.e of the erectile mecha.ism a.e ca.dida.es for penile impla.ta.ion. Future stra.egies in the evolution of the trea.ment of ED a.e a.med a. correcting or trea.ing the underlying mecha.isms of ED. With a. a.propria.e vector, resea.chers ha.e been a.le to tra.sfect dia.etic a.ima.s with a.ents such a. neurotrophic fa.tors a.d nitric oxide syntha.e （NOS）. Further studies in gene thera.y a.e needed to fully a.certa.n its sa.ety a.d utility in huma.s.

关键词： erectile dysfunction dia.etes mecha.ism trea.ment

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