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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第4期14卷 1052-1069页

作者： charles Mazereku Jerekias Gandure Clever Ketlogetswe Faculty of Engineering University of Botswana Gaborone Botswana

Global concerns about the environmental impact of combustion emissions from petroleum fuels influence new research to seek for alternative energy sources. The current study investigates the possibility of using safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) as an alternative biodiesel raw material. Four plant growth regulators (PGR) were used to boost the production of safflower. Thirteen treatments were constituted from the four plant regulators and applied to the safflower crop arranged in completely randomised design, repeated three times. The results show that the effect of plant growth regulators was not more than that of the control. More studies have to be channelled towards the relationship between safflower and plant growth regulators.

关键词： Safflower Biodiesel Plant Growth Regulators

Review on Hydroxyurea Usage in Young Children with Sickle Cell Disease: Examining Hemoglobin Induction, Potential Benefits, Responses, Safety, and Effectiveness

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 1-18页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Youping Deng Dongchi Zhao Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a prevalent condition, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, where the presence of specific genes associated with Malaria contributes to its high prevalence. Patients with sickle cell disease frequently experience painful episodes necessitating hospitalization, and their hemoglobin levels are typically lower than those of the general population. There are different treatment options available to manage complications, such as transfusing blood, hydroxyurea, and strong anti-pains. However, with all these treatments, patients still commonly experience pain crises and suffer from organ damage. Hydroxyurea, the sole approved medication for sickle cell anemia in developed and developing countries, is widely used in children despite being primarily indicated for adults. Multiple studies have demonstrated the efficacy of hydroxyurea in inducing HbF production in young children with SCD. Elevated HbF levels have been associated with improved clinical outcomes, including a reduction in vaso-occlusive crises, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusions. Furthermore, increased HbF levels have been shown to ameliorate disease-related organ damage, such as pulmonary hypertension and sickle cell retinopathy. The response to hydroxyurea treatment in young children with SCD is variable. Some patients achieve substantial increases in HbF levels and experience significant clinical benefits, while others may have a more modest response. Factors influencing the response include baseline HbF levels, genetic modifiers, treatment adherence, and dose optimization. Safety is a crucial consideration when using hydroxyurea in young children. Studies have shown that hydroxyurea is generally well-tolerated, with the most common adverse effects being myelosuppression, gastrointestinal symptoms, and dermatological manifestations. However,long-term effects and potential risks, such as renal dysfunction and reproductive impacts, require furth

关键词： Effectiveness Hydroxyurea Sickle Cell Disease Sickle Cell Anemia Minimally Effective Dose Maximum Tolerated Dose

Recent Advances for Global Perspectives on Etiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentations, and Management of Moyamoya Disease

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2024年第1期14卷 6-23页

作者： Maiko charles Mkwambe Dongchi Zhao Youping Deng Department of Pediatrics Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan China

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a condition characterized by the gradual narrowing and blockage of blood vessels in the brain, specifically those in the circle of Willis and the arteries that supply it. This results in reduced blood flow and oxygen to the brain, leading to progressive symptoms and potential complications. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism remains elucidated. However, recent studies have highlighted numerous etiologic factors: abnormal immune complex responses, susceptibility genes, branched-chain amino acids, antibodies, heritable diseases, and acquired diseases, which may be the great potential triggers for the development of moyamoya disease. Its clinical presentation has varying degrees from transient asymptomatic events to significant neurological deficits. Moyamoya disease (MMD) shows different patterns in children and adults. Children with MMD are more susceptible to ischemic events due to decreased blood flow to the brain. Conversely, adults with MMD are more prone to hemorrhagic events involving brain bleeding. Children with MMD may experience a range of symptoms including motor impairments, sensory issues, seizures, headaches, dizziness, cognitive delays, or ongoing neurological problems. Although adults may present with similar clinical symptoms as children, they are more prone to experiencing sudden onset intraventricular, subarachnoid, or intracerebral hemorrhages. One of the challenges in moyamoya disease is the potential for misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis, particularly when physicians fail to consider MMD as a possible cause in stroke patients. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent global studies on the pathophysiology of MMD, along with advancements in its management. Additionally, the review will delve into various surgical treatment options for MMD, as well as its rare occurrence alongside atrioventricular malformations. Exciting prospects include the use of autologous bone marrow transplant and the p

关键词： Moyamoya Disease (MMD) Etiology Pathophysiology Clinical Presentations Management Future Promising Avenues

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Open Journal of Civil Engineering 2024年第2期14卷 214-224页

作者： Joan Anyika Otike charles Kabubo Victoria Okumu Kenya National Highways Authority Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

The performance of bridge projects in Kenya is poor in terms of completion by schedule, cost, and quality (scope). Yet, there is less evidence of empirical research on what factors contribute to this outcome. This study aimed to bridge this gap by examining the effects of contractor-related factors on the performance of bridge construction projects in Kenya through a case study of the Bridge projects Implemented by the Kenya National Highway Agency (KeNHA). The theory of constraints (TOC) was adopted as its theoretical framework. Descriptive research was used, and the target population was 18 bridge construction projects, which were the units of analysis from 2012 to 2022. In each of these projects, 18 respondents, namely clients, consultants, contractors, engineers, environment and social guards, project managers, stakeholders, subcontractors, technical advisors, and inspectors, were included in a target population of 144 respondents. A census was conducted and a structured questionnaire was administered from which a response rate of 68% was achieved. The information was analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis. The contractor-related factors considered in the study were staff and management factors. The findings indicated that staff and management factors had a positive and significant outcome on performance of bridge construction projects. The study recommends continuous training and a safe learning environment for staff to improve their skills and performance in future projects. The study also recommends that a special category for bridge contractors be created in Kenya’s National Construction Authority rankings to ensure that only qualified contractors implement the Bridge projects.

关键词： Staff Factors Management Factors Performance Bridge Projects KeNHA

An Interview with Peter Deadman—Acupuncture Pioneer and Founder of The Journal of Chinese Medicine

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 19-28页

作者： Ioannis Solos charles Buck Peter Deadman Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom British Acupuncture Council London W129HQthe United Kingdom The Register of Chinese Herbal Medicine London WC1N 3GSthe United Kingdom

This interview was conducted on August 21st, 2022 by charles Buck and Ioannis Solos. Peter Deadman has worked in the field of health promotion for 50 years. He co-founded Infinity Foods(an organic and natural foods workers co-op) in 1971, followed by the Brighton Natural Health Centre-a charity dedicated to teaching ways to improve personal, community and planetary health and wellbeing. He qualified as an acupuncturist in 1978 and in Chinese herbal medicine in 1990. He founded The Journal of Chinese Medicine(UK) in 1979(Fig. 1), and co-authored A Manual of Acupuncture(published in 1998). He is the author of Live Well Live Long: Teachings from the Chinese Nourishment of Life Tradition. He has taught Chinese medicine and health promotion internationally for decades and is a dedicated practitioner and teacher of Qi Gong(气功).

关键词： Acupuncture Medicine herbal

A Conversation with Professor Ted Kaptchuk,a Key Architect of Modern TCM in the West

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Chinese Medicine and Culture 2024年第1期7卷 5-18页

作者： Ioannis Solos charles Buck Ted Kaptchuk Saint George Clinic and Research Institute Scottsdale 85251the United States of America Northern College of Acupuncture Micklegate YO16LJthe United Kingdom Harvard Medical School Boston 02115the United States of America

The interview was conducted on November 20th,2022 by Ioannis Solos and charles *** Kaptchuk(泰开阳)is a Professor of Medicine and a Professor of Global Health&Social Medicine at Harvard Medical *** 1975,he graduated from the Macao Institute of Chinese Medicine,Macao,*** returning to the West,Ted taught Chinese medicine throughout the States,Europe,Latin America,and ***’s book,The Web that Has No Weaver:Understanding Chinese Medicine is a groundbreaking explanation of East Asian medicine that continues to shape the discourse of the Chinese medicine profession in the West and has been translated into 13 *** 1990,Ted was recruited in Harvard Medical School to help research Chinese *** encountering high placebo responses in multiple acupuncture clinical trials,Ted decided to switch his career to primarily studying *** has published over 300 peer-reviewed *** has been awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society of Acupuncture Research(2015),the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Society for Interdisciplinary Placebo Studies(2021),and the William Silen Lifetime Achievement Award in Mentoring from Harvard Medical School(2022).

关键词： Acupuncture acupuncture TCM

Neuron Foundry Mach 8:A Concept of Multi-modal Neurosupportive Energy Therapy Device for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

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Brain Science Advances 2024年第1期10卷 6-38页

作者： charles McGlynn Doni Dermawan Guia Marie Canonizado School of Earth and Environment Rowan UniversityNJ 08028 New JerseyUnited States Applied Biotechnology Faculty of ChemistryWarsaw University of Technology00-661 WarsawPoland Saint Louis University School of Medicine 2600 Baguio CityPhilippines

The prevalence of neurodegenerative disorders is rising as the population ages,and many ailments,such as depression,Parkinson’s disease,Alzheimer’s disease,autism spectrum disorder,and multiple sclerosis,have intricate underlying mechanisms that are still poorly *** Neuron Foundry Mach 8 is a multi-modal neuro-supportive energy therapy device designed to treat neurodegenerative disorders through daily *** device proposes to deliver safe and controlled energy therapy through multiple therapeutic pathways,including stimulating brain mitochondrial energy,supporting homeostasis within the brain’s immune system,increasing melatonin production within neuronal mitochondria,and triggering cellular communication through the brain’s white *** combining these unique energy-based treatments,this device holds promising potential for slowing,stopping,reversing,or at least reducing the effects of neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： energy therapy medical device multi-modal neuro-supportive energy neurodegenerative disorders Neuron Foundry Mach 8

Applying Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) to Aeromagnetic Data to Estimate Depth to Magnetic Sources in the Mamfe Sedimentary Basin

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International Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Eric N. Ndikum charles T. Tabod Department of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Department of Fundamental Sciences Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) Bamenda Cameroon Department of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Department of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Aeromagnetic data over the Mamfe Basin have been processed. A regional magnetic gridded dataset was obtained from the Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) data grid using a 3 × 3 convolution (Hanning) filter to remove regional trends. Major similarities in magnetic field orientation and intensities were observed at identical locations on both the regional and TMI data grids. From the regional and TMI gridded datasets, the residual dataset was generated which represents the very shallow geological features of the basin. Processing this residual data grid using the Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) for magnetic depth suggests that the estimated depths to magnetic sources in the basin range from about 271 m to 3552 m. The highest depths are located in two main locations somewhere around the central portion of the study area which correspond to the area with positive magnetic susceptibilities, as well as the areas extending outwards across the eastern boundary of the study area. Shallow magnetic depths are prominent towards the NW portion of the basin and also correspond to areas of negative magnetic susceptibilities. The basin generally exhibits a variation in depth of magnetic sources with high, average and shallow depths. The presence of intrusive igneous rocks was also observed in this basin. This characteristic is a pointer to the existence of geologic resources of interest for exploration in the basin.

关键词： Mamfe Basin Aeromagnetic Data Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) Depth to Magnetic Sources

Healthcare Worker-Related Factors Contributing to Tuberculosis Treatment Non-Adherence among Patients in Kisumu East Sub-County

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第1期12卷 13-33页

作者： Marlyn Ochieng Jackline Nyaberi Susan Mambo charles Wafula Department of Environmental Health and Disease Control School of Public Health Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT) Nairobi Kenya European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (EDCTP) Strengthening Capacity for Epidemics Preparedness and Response in Sub-Saharan Africa (SCEPRESSA) Nairobi Kenya Great Lakes University of Kisumu (GLUK) Kisumu Kenya

Background: Treatment non-adherence poses significant risks to health outcomes and impedes the health system’s efficiency, hence curtailing progress towards the end Tuberculosis (TB) strategy under SDG 3.3. Despite interventions to address TB treatment non-adherence, Kenya still reports high TB treatment non-adherence rates of 35% and consequently poor treatment outcome rates. Health Care Workers (HCWs) play a critical role in linking the population to health services, yet little is known of their influence on patients’ TB treatment non-adherence in Kenya. Objective: To analyze HCW-related factors associated with TB treatment non-adherence among patients in Kisumu East Sub-County. Methods: Health facility-based analytical cross-sectional mixed-method study. A Semi-structured questionnaire on treatment adherence and patients’ perceptions of HCWs during the clinic visit was administered to 102 consenting adult (out of a total census of 107 adults) drug-susceptible TB patients. 12 purposively selected HCWs by rank from 6 health facilities participated in Key Informant Interview sessions. Medication adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and then expressed as a dichotomous variable. Quantitative analysis utilized STATA version 15.1 while qualitative deductive thematic analysis was done using NVIVO version 14. Results: TB treatment non-adherence rate of 26% (CI: 18% - 36%) was recorded. Overall, patients who felt supported in dealing with the illness were 8 times more likely to adhere to treatment compared to those who were not (aOR = 7.947, 95% CI: 2.214 - 28.527, p = 0.001). Key HCW related factors influencing adherence to treatment included: friendliness (cOR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.514 - 12.284, p = 0.006), respect (cOR = 6.679, 95% CI: 2.239 - 19.923, p = 0.001) and non-discriminatory service (cOR = 0.1478, 95% CI: 0.047 - 0.464, p = 0.001), communication [adequacy of consultation time (cOR = 6.563, 95% CI: 2.467 - 17.458, p = 0.001) and patie

关键词： Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence Human Resources for Health

Artificial Intelligence-Based Automated Actuarial Pricing and Underwriting Model for the General Insurance Sector

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Open Journal of Statistics 2024年第3期14卷 294-340页

作者： Brighton Mahohoho charles Chimedza Florance Matarise Sheunesu Munyira Department of Mathematics & Computational Sciences University of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe School of Statistics & Actuarial Science University of Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

The Automated Actuarial Pricing and Underwriting Model has been enhanced and expanded through the implementation of Artificial Intelligence to automate three distinct actuarial functions: loss reserving, pricing, and underwriting. This model utilizes data analytics based on Artificial Intelligence to merge microfinance and car insurance services. Introducing and applying a no-claims bonus rate system, comprising base rates, variable rates, and final rates, to three key policyholder categories significantly reduces the occurrence and impact of claims while encouraging increased premium payments. We have enhanced frequency-severity models with eight machine learning algorithms and adjusted the Automated Actuarial Pricing and Underwriting Model for inflation, resulting in outstanding performance. Among the machine learning models utilized, the Random Forest (RANGER) achieved the highest Total Aggregate Comprehensive Automated Actuarial Loss Reserve Risk Pricing Balance (ACAALRRPB), establishing itself as the preferred model for developing Automated Actuarial Underwriting models tailored to specific policyholder categories.

关键词： Artificial Intelligence Automated Actuarial Loss Reserves Automated Actuarial Risk Pricing Automated Actuarial Underwriting