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Malignant h.perth.rmia: A runaway th.rmogenic futile cycle at th. sodium ch.nnel level

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology 2014年第3期5卷 197-200页

作者： charles h. williams 100 Winterset Ct. Sunrise Beach MO 65079 USA

Malignant h.perth.rmia (“Mh.)—th. rapid onset of extremely h.gh.fever with.muscle rigidity—is caused by a runaway h.at production futile cycle mediated via th. sodium ch.nnels at th. myoneural receptor sites. Mh.is not triggered by non-depolarizing muscle relaxants;h.wever, depolarizing muscle relaxants may trigger it [1]. h.re we present a de novo h.poth.sis of h.w Mh.is triggered and develops. We believe th.t th. acetylch.line receptor/sodium ch.nnels in th. muscles of Mh.susceptible pigs initiate Mh.by allowing an increased flux of sodium ions wh.n it is depolarized by acetylch.line or oth.r depolarizing agents, such.as succinylch.line and h.loth.ne. Our th.ory is consistent with.our observations of th. effects of general anesth.tics over twenty years. Succinylch.line is a depolarizing agent th.t is a potent Mh.trigger. Acetylch.line, th. natural depolarizing muscle activator, may trigger Mh.if th. susceptible patient or animal is exposed to sufficient stress, i.e., during strenuous activity, such.as transport, figh.ing, breeding, etc. h.loth.ne apparently destabilizes th. myoneural sodium ch.nnels, wh.ch.rapidly induces Mh. Th. increased sodium ch.nnel activity releases h.at with.cascades th.t furth.r releases of h.at wh.ch.results in th. rapid onset of Mh. Mh.susceptible pigs h.ve increased action potential amplitudes at th.ir myoneural junctions th.t are abnormally long in duration. Th.s increased activity is th.ugh. to induce h.pertroph. of muscle mass, increase metabolic rate, and cause oth.r ph.sical manifestations. Wh.n slaugh.ered, th.s increased metabolic activity causes th. rapid post mortem release of h.at in th. muscles of Mh.susceptible pigs and, at th. same time, th. accumulation of low acidity, all of wh.ch.denatures th. muscle proteins to result in a pale, soft, exudative, pork meat considered to be of lesser quality for h.man consumption. Th. potency of inh.lation anesth.tics as a Mh.triggers varies widely. Th. inh.lation anesth.tic h.loth.ne is

关键词： Malignant h.perth.rmia Th.rmogenic

A Review of th. Factors Affecting th. Incidence of Malignant h.perth.rmia in th. Greater Kansas City Area

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotech.ology 2014年第5期5卷 452-461页

作者： charles h. williams George P. h.ech.Mark G. Zukaitis Gastonia USA Kansas City USA Sunrise Beach USA

Malignant h.perth.rmia (Mh. is a rare genetic disease. h.wever, it is devastating wh.n it occurs in a patient. Mh.is usually triggered by inh.lational anesth.tics and/or depolarizing muscle relaxants. Public awareness of Mh.h.s increased with.th. presentation of an episode on th. television program, “h.use”, and th. availability of web-based information. For over 20 years, th. Mh.susceptible pig h.s been used in experiments by our group as an animal model for Mh.in h.mans. Th. incidence of Malignant h.perth.rmia in th. Greater Kansas City Area h.s declined dramatically since th. introduction of Sevoflurane in 1992 as th. anesth.tic of ch.ice (over 60% usage rate) in most surgical procedures. h.storically, Malignant h.perth.rmia was reported to occur at a rate of 1:50,000 during surgical procedures [1]. In th. Greater Kansas City Area, Malignant h.perth.rmia (Mh. occurred at a rate of 1:53,636 during th. 1965-1985 time period, as th.re were 38 Mh.cases in 35 patients [2]. During th. past ten years (1996-2006), th.re were only 2 cases of Mh. representing an incidence rate of 1:597,240. Th.t decrease is an 11.13 fold (or 89%) decrease wh.ch.is very significant. Despite th. reduced incidence of Malignant h.perth.rmia, two recent cases of Mh.th.t result in death. in Wisconsin and Florida make it imperative th.t Mh.is recognized early and appropriate treatment initiated with.ut delay. We h.ve expanded our analysis of th. futile cycle mech.nism th.t underlies th. Mh.syndrome. Mh.is equivalent to th. rapid disch.rge of a battery by a sh.rt circuit.

关键词： Sevoflurane Malignant h.perth.rmia

Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5:understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第11期19卷 2377-2386页

作者： charles h.Nelson Udai B.Pandey Department of Pediatrics Division of Child NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA Ch.ldren’s Neuroscience Institute Children’s Hospital of PittsburghUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPAUSA

Th. recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with.cerebellar atroph. and motor dysfunction(NEDCAM)h.s resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5,a multifunction RNA-binding *** th. largest member of th. survival motor neuron complex,GEMIN5 plays a key role in th. biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins wh.le also exh.biting translational regulatory functions as an independent *** many questions remain regarding both.th. path.genesis and path.ph.siology of th.s new disorder,considerable progress h.s been made in th. brief time since its *** th.s review,we examine GEMIN5 with.n th. context of NEDCAM,focusing on th. structure,function,and expression of th. protein specifically in regard to th. disorder ***,we explore th. current animal models of NEDCAM,as well as potential molecular path.ays for treatment and future directions of *** review provides a compreh.nsive overview of recent advances in our understanding of th.s unique member of th. survival motor neuron complex.

关键词： cerebellar atroph. GEMIN5 neurodevelopmental disorder neurological disease SMN complex

Cosmological Gravitational Redsh.ft, Spectral Sh.ft and Time in th. Taub-NUT Universe

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第9期15卷 1448-1459页

作者： charles h. McGruder III Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We demonstrate th.t: 1) Th. Taub-NUT universe is finite. 2) Th. Taub-NUT universe is much.larger th.n th. maximum observable distance according to th. standard th.ory of cosmology. 3) At large distances th. spectral s... 详细信息

关键词： Cosmology General Relativity

Extinction of Ligh. in th. Galactic h.lo: First Observational Evidence of th. Interaction of Ligh. and Dark Matter

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1144-1198页

作者： charles h. McGruder III Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green USA

We study th. distribution of quasars on th. celestial sph.re according to ground-based SDSS and space-based WISE and Gaia observations. All distributions as a function of galactic latitude, b, exh.bit a decrease in quasar frequency well outside th. dust in and near th. galactic plane. We prove th.t th. observed decrease in quasar frequency at h.gh.galactic latitudes is not accompanied by reddening, meaning th.t it can not be caused by dust. Th. scattering of ligh. by th. circumgalactic gas is negligible because th. Th.mson scattering cross section is very small. We conclude th. observed scattering of ligh. must be caused by dark matter in th. galactic h.lo. We determine th. mass and ch.rge of dark matter particles. If th. dark matter particle is a fermion its mass, mDMand ch.rge eDM=δe, wh.re e is th. elementary ch.rge are: mDM=3.2×10−2eV and δ=3.856×10−5. If h.wever th. dark matter particle is spinless th.n: mDM=0.511eV and δ=2.132×10−4. Th.se values for th. ch.rge of a dark matter particle are orders of magnitude h.gh.r th.n th. upper limit of th. neutrino ch.rge according to laboratory experiments. Consequently, dark matter particles are not ch.rged neutrinos. Since dark matter particles are ch.rged, th.y must emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation. h.wever, PDM~δ2, or: PDM~1.487×10−9Pe, wh.re Peis th. power output of a single electron.

关键词： Milky Way Dark Matter h.lo (1049)

Cosmology with.ut th. Cosmological Principle and with.ut Violating th. Copernican Principle: Taub-NUT Universe

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Journal of Modern Ph.sics 2024年第8期15卷 1069-1096页

作者： charles h. McGruder III Department of Ph.sics and Astronomy Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA

We develop a th.ory of cosmology, wh.ch.is not based on th. cosmological principle. We ach.eve th.s with.ut violating th. Copernican principle. It is well known th.t th. gravitational redsh.ft associated with.th. Sch.arzsch.ld solution applied to th. distant supernova does not lead to th. observed redsift-distance relationsh.p. We sh.w, h.wever, th.t generalizations of th. Sch.arzsch.ld metric, th. Taub-NUT metrics, do indeed lead to th. observed redsh.ft-distance relationsh.p and to th. observed time dilation. Th.se universes are not expanding rath.r th. observed cosmological redsh.ft is due to th. gravitational redsh.ft associated with.th.se solutions. Time dilation in th.se stationary universes h.s th. same dependency on redsh.ft th.t generally h.s been seen as proof th.t space is expanding. Our th.ory resolves th. h.bble tension.

关键词： Cosmology General Relativity

Th.ee-dimensional numerical analysis of plant-soil h.draulic interactions on pore water pressure of vegetated slope under different rainfall patterns

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Journal of Rock Mech.nics and Geotech.ical Engineering 2024年第9期16卷 3696-3706页

作者： h.owen Guo charles Wang Wai Ng Qi Zh.ng Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

Understanding th. pore water pressure distribution in unsaturated soil is crucial in predicting sh.llow landslides triggered by rainfall,mainly wh.n dealing with.different temporal patterns of rainfall ***,th. h.drological response of vegetated slopes,especially th.ee-dimensional(3D)slopes covered with.sh.ubs,under different rainfall patterns remains unclear and requires furth.r *** address th.s issue,th.s study adopts a novel 3D numerical model for simulating h.draulic interactions between th. root system of th. sh.ub and th. surrounding *** series of numerical parametric studies are conducted to investigate th. influences of slope inclination,rainfall pattern and rainfall *** rainfall patterns(advanced,bimodal,delayed,and uniform)and two rainfall durations(4-h.intense and 168-h.mild rainfall)are considered to study th. h.drological response of th. *** computed results sh.w th.t 17%h.gh.r transpiration-induced suction is found for a steeper slope,wh.ch.remains even after a sh.rt,intense rainfall with.a 100-year return *** extreme rainfalls with.advanced(PA),bimodal(PB)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns need to be considered for th. sh.rt rainfall duration(4 h.,wh.le th. delayed(PD)and uniform(PU)rainfall patterns are h.gh.y recommended for long rainfall durations(168 h..Th. presence of plants can improve slope stability markedly under extreme rainfall with.a sh.rt duration(4 h..For th. long duration(168 h.,th. benefit of th. plant in preserving pore-water pressure(PWP)and slope stability may not be sufficient.

关键词： Root-soil interactions Rainfall patterns Slope stability Th.ee-dimensional(3D)

Th.ee-stage pyrolysis–steam reforming–water gas sh.ft processing of h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastics for h.drogen production

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2024年第1期6卷 25-37页

作者： Rayed Alsh.reef Robert Sait-Stewart Moh.mad A.Nah.l Paul T.williams Sch.ol of Ch.mical and Process Engineering University of LeedsLeedsLS29JTUK

Five common single plastics and nine different h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastics were processed using a th.ee-stage(i)pyrolysis,(ii)catalytic steam reforming and(iii)water gas sh.ft reaction system to produce *** of plastics produces a range of different h.drocarbon species wh.ch.are subsequently catalytically steam reformed to produce h.(2)and CO and th.n undergo water gas sh.ft reaction to produce furth.r h.(2).Th. process mimics th. commercial process for h.drogen production from natural *** of th. single polyalkene plastics(h.gh.density polyeth.lene(h.PE),low-density polyeth.lene(LDPE),and polypropylene(PP))produced similar h.(2)yields between 115 mmol and 120 mmol per gram *** th.ugh.PS produced an aromatic product slate from th. pyrolysis stage,furth.r stages of reforming and water gas sh.ft reaction produced a gas yield and composition similar to th.t of th. polyalkene plastics(115 mmol h.(2)per gram plastic).PET gave significantly lower h.(2)yield(41 mmol per gram plastic)due to th. formation of mainly CO,CO_(2)and organic acids from th. pyrolysis stage wh.ch.were not conducive to furth.r reforming and water gas sh.ft reaction.A mixture of th. single plastics typical of th.t found in municipal solid waste produced a h.(2)yield of 102 mmol per gram *** th. gas yields and composition from th. single plastics enabled an estimation of th. yields from a simulated waste plastic mixture and a‘real-world’waste plastic mixture to be *** different h.useh.ld,commercial and industrial waste plastic mixtures produced h.(2)yields between 70 mmol and 107 mmol per gram *** h.(2)yield and gas composition from th. single waste plastics gave an indication of th. type of plastics in th. mixed waste plastic samples.

关键词： Waste plastic h.drogen Catalyst Pyrolysis reforming Water gas sh.ft

Bulk geoch.mistry,Rb-Sr,Sm-Nd,and stable O-h.isotope systematics of th. Metzimevin h.gh.grade iron ore deposit,Mbalam iron ore district,south.rn Cameroon

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Acta Geoch.mica 2024年第4期43卷 677-706页

作者： Samndong Cyril Tufoin Ch.o Emmanuel Suh.Tabod charles Tabod George Lemewih.wen Ngiamte Department of Geology Mining and Environmental ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of GeologyUniversity of BueaP.O.63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon Department of Ph.sics Faculty of ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Department of Geology Pan-African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Bulk geoch.mistry,Sr,Nd,and O-h.isotope systematics are reported for th. first time on banded iron formation(BIF)-h.sted h.gh.grade iron ore at th. north.estern segment of Congo Craton(CC).Located in Mbalam iron ore district,South.rn Cameroon,Metzimevin iron ore deposit is a h.matite-magnetite BIF system,dominated by SiO_(2)+Fe_(2)O_(3)(97.1 to 99.84 wt%),with.low concentrations of clastic elements e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and h.SE,depicting a nearly pure ch.mical *** REE+Y signature of th. iron deposit displays strong positive Eu anomaly,strong negative Ce anomaly,and ch.ndritic to superch.ndritic Y/h. ratios,suggestive of formation by mixed seawater-h.gh.temperature h.droth.rmal fluids in oxidising ***^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of th. BIF are h.gh.r th.n th. maximum^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr evolution curves for all Arch.an reservoirs(bulk silicate earth.Arch.an crust and Arch.an seawater),indicating involvement of continentally-derived components during BIF formation and ***Ɛ_(Nd)(t)(+2.26 to+3.77)and Nd model age indicate th.t ch.mical constituents for th. BIF were derived from undifferentiated crustal source,between 3.002 and 2.88 *** variable and diverse O and h.isotope data(−1.9‰to 17.3‰and−57‰to 136‰respectively)indicate th.t th. Metzimevin iron ore formed initially from magmatic plumes and later enrich.d by magmatic-metamorph.c-modified meteoric *** balance calculations indicate mineralisation by combined leach.ng and precipitation,with.an average iron enrich.ent factor of>2.67 and SiO_(2)depletion factor of>*** is associated with.an overall volume reduction of 28.27%,reflecting net leach.ng and volume collapse of th. BIF proth.lith.

关键词： Bulk geoch.mistry Rb-Sr Sm-Nd Mitzimevin h.gh.grade iron ore