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Alternative splicing of the PECTINESTErASE gene encoding a cell wall-degrading enzyme affects postharvest softening in grape

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第3期23卷 863-875页

作者： Hainan Liu Maosong Pei charles Ampomah-Dwamena Yaxin Shang Yihe Yu Tonglu Wei Qiaofang Shi Dalong Guo College of Horticulture and Plant Protection Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471000China Henan Engineering Technology research Center of Quality regulation and Control of Horticultural Plants Luoyang 471000China The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food research Limited(PFr) Auckland 1010New Zealand

The firmness of table grape berries is a crucial quality parameter. Despite extensive research on postharvest fruit softening, its precise molecular mechanisms remain elusive. To enhance our comprehension of the underlying molecular factors, we initially identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) by comparing the transcriptomes of folic acid(FA)-treated and water-treated(CK) berries at different time points. We then analyzed the sequences to detect alternatively spliced(AS) genes associated with postharvest softening. A total of 2,559 DEGs were identified and categorized into four subclusters based on their expression patterns, with subcluster-4 genes exhibiting higher expression in the CK group compared with the FA treatment group. There were 1,045 AS-associated genes specific to FA-treated berries and 1,042 in the CK-treated berries, respectively. Gene Ontology(GO) annotation indicated that the AS-associated genes in CK-treated berries were predominantly enriched in cell wall metabolic processes,particularly cell wall degradation processes. Through a comparison between treatment-associated AS genes and subcluster-4 DEGs, we identified eight genes, including Pectinesterase 2(VvPE2, Vitvi15g00704), which encodes a cell wall-degrading enzyme and was predicted to undergo an A3SS event. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction further confirmed the presence of a truncated transcript variant of VvPE2 in the FA-treated *** study provides a comprehensive analysis of AS events in postharvest grape berries using transcriptome sequencing and underscores the pivotal role of VvPE2 during the postharvest storage of grape berries.

关键词： grape postharvest softening folic acid alternative splicing Pectinesterase 2 alternative 3'splice site(A3SS)

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High-finesse Fabry-Perot cavities with bidimensional Si_(3)N_(4) photonic-crystal slabs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2016年第1期5卷 320-327页

作者： Xu Chen Clément Chardin Kevin Makles charles caër Sheon Chua rémy Braive Isabelle robert-Philip Tristan Briant Pierre-François Cohadon Antoine Heidmann Thibaut Jacqmin Samuel Deléglise Laboratoire Kastler Brossel UPMC-Sorbonne UniversitésCNRSENS-PSL Research UniversityCollège de France4 place JussieuCase 74F75252 ParisFrance Current address:IBM research-Zürich Säumerstrasse 48803 RüschlikonSwitzerland Laboratoire de Photonique et de Nanostructures LPN-CNrS/CNrS Route de Nozay91460 MarcoussisFrance UniversitéParis Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité75207 ParisFrance

Light scattering by a two-dimensional photonic-crystal slab(PCS)can result in marked interference effects associated with Fano *** devices offer appealing alternatives to distributed Bragg reflectors and filters for various applications,such as optical wavelength and polarization filters,reflectors,semiconductor lasers,photodetectors,bio-sensors and non-linear optical *** PCS also have natural applications in the field of optomechanics,where the mechanical modes of a suspended slab interact via radiation pressure with the optical field of a high-finesse *** reflectivity and transmission properties of a defect-free suspended PCS around normal incidence can be used to couple out-of-plane mechanical modes to an optical field by integrating it in a free-space *** we demonstrate the successful implementation of a PCS reflector on a high-tensile stress Si_(3)N_(4) *** illustrate the physical process underlying the high reflectivity by measuring the photonic-crystal band ***,we introduce a clear theoretical description of the membrane scattering properties in the presence of optical *** embedding the PCS inside a high-finesse cavity,we fully characterize its optical *** spectrally,angular-and polarization-resolved measurements demonstrate the wide tunability of the membrane’s reflectivity,from nearly 0 to 99.9470±0.0025%,and show that material absorption is not the main source of optical ***,the cavity storage time demonstrated in this work exceeds the mechanical period of low-order mechanical drum *** so-called resolved-sideband condition is a prerequisite to achieve quantum control of the mechanical resonator with light.

关键词： Fano resonance high-reflectivity membrane low-loss optical reflector nanomembrane resonator photonic-crystal slab quantum optomechanics

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Bulk geochemistry,rb-Sr,Sm-Nd,and stable O-H isotope systematics of the Metzimevin high-grade iron ore deposit,Mbalam iron ore district,southern cameroon

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第4期43卷 677-706页

作者： Samndong Cyril Tufoin Cheo Emmanuel Suh Tabod charles Tabod George Lemewihbwen Ngiamte Department of Geology Mining and Environmental ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Economic Geology Unit Department of GeologyUniversity of BueaP.O.63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon Department of Physics Faculty of ScienceThe University of BamendaB.P.39BambiliNorth West RegionCameroon Department of Geology Pan-African University Life and Earth Sciences Institute(PAULESI)University of IbadanIbadanNigeria

Bulk geochemistry,Sr,Nd,and O-H isotope systematics are reported for the first time on banded iron formation(BIF)-hosted high-grade iron ore at the northwestern segment of Congo Craton(CC).Located in Mbalam iron ore district,Southern cameroon,Metzimevin iron ore deposit is a hematite-magnetite BIF system,dominated by SiO_(2)+Fe_(2)O_(3)(97.1 to 99.84 wt%),with low concentrations of clastic elements e.g.,Al_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),and HFSE,depicting a nearly pure chemical *** rEE+Y signature of the iron deposit displays strong positive Eu anomaly,strong negative Ce anomaly,and chondritic to superchondritic Y/Ho ratios,suggestive of formation by mixed seawater-high temperature hydrothermal fluids in oxidising ***^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr ratios of the BIF are higher than the maximum^(87)Sr/^(86)Sr evolution curves for all Archean reservoirs(bulk silicate earth,Archean crust and Archean seawater),indicating involvement of continentally-derived components during BIF formation and ***Ɛ_(Nd)(t)(+2.26 to+3.77)and Nd model age indicate that chemical constituents for the BIF were derived from undifferentiated crustal source,between 3.002 and 2.88 *** variable and diverse O and H isotope data(−1.9‰to 17.3‰and−57‰to 136‰respectively)indicate that the Metzimevin iron ore formed initially from magmatic plumes and later enriched by magmatic-metamorphic-modified meteoric *** balance calculations indicate mineralisation by combined leaching and precipitation,with an average iron enrichment factor of>2.67 and SiO_(2)depletion factor of>*** is associated with an overall volume reduction of 28.27%,reflecting net leaching and volume collapse of the BIF protholith.

关键词： Bulk geochemistry rb-Sr Sm-Nd Mitzimevin High-grade iron ore

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A Tale of Two Visits

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ChinAfrica 2024年第8期16卷 14-15页

作者： charles ONUNAIJU Centre for China Studies AbujaNigeria

Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s visit to Africa focuses on addressing practical issues,while US adapts to a changing *** 13 to 18 January,Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi visited four African countries in keeping with the more than three decades of tradition where Chinese foreign ministers start their yearly overseas visits with a trip to ***,while these visits have become a routine for China’s diplomatic practice,they are not an empty *** represent a tradition of China-Africa pragmatic cooperation defined by mutual consultations and tangible *** is neither opportunistic nor paternalistic,but rather engagement in the specific issues of concern for the particular country in relation to bilateral cooperation with China and the overall framework of the broader and comprehensive China-Africa cooperation.

关键词： mutual Africa cooperation

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A Democracy That Works Western democracies have failed to address people’s livelihood concerns while the Chinese practice has made notable achievements

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ChinAfrica 2024年第5期16卷 16-17页

作者： charles ONUNAIJU Centre for China Studies AbujaNigeria

More than 200 scholars,researchers,former government o!cials and party leaders from over 50 countries gathered in the sprawling building of the Chinese Academy of History in Beijing on 20 March for the third International Forum on Democracy:The Shared Human *** forum debated the concept of democracy,its trajectories and prospects,and,more importantly,how it can be made to work and deliver tangible results for di"erent countries.

关键词： Democracy gathered debate

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The role of Certificates and Labels for Cocoa in the Face of Climate Change: A Scientific review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 281-313页

作者： charles Hans Opoku Department of Agricultural Economics and rural Development Georg-August-Universitt Gttingen Gttingen Germany

Climate change threatens cocoa quality, raising concerns regarding sustainable premium cocoa production. Evaluating the effectiveness of certification standards is imperative to address this concern effectively. A multi-stage method was employed for a systematic review of 39 peer-reviewed articles to highlight the impacts of climate change on the biophysical environment of cocoa and its implications for adapting Geographical Indications (GIs). Additionally, a comprehensive review was conducted on climate-relevant standards of certificates in Ecuador, Indonesia, and Ghana. The findings of this study provide practical insights into possible difficulties that cocoa-producing countries may encounter in maintaining the distinctive flavours and quality trademarks of cocoa in the face of changing climate. Moreover, the findings emphasize the need for producer countries to prioritize viable adaptation and product differentiation strategies that meet sustainable marketing standards to protect GIs or place-based intellectual property. Furthermore, the findings indicate certificates require effective multi-level climate change management and environmental-social-governance principles that promote scientifically proven mitigation strategies, such as increasing soil organic carbon, zero deforestation, and reducing emissions while striving to leverage local adaptation policies to reduce location-specific vulnerability. Finally, certificates can accelerate the expansion, intensification, and redistribution of sustainable production for gains that outweigh the inconveniences caused by climate change.

关键词： Adaptation Biophysical Environment Climate Change Cocoa Certificates Environmental Social Governance Mitigation Geographical Indications

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An Analysis of Liberia’s Vulnerability to Climate Change in the Context of Least Developed Countries (LDCs): A review

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第2期13卷 230-250页

作者： charles Flomo Togbah State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and resource reuse College of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China UNEP-Tongji Institute of Environment for Sustainable Development Shanghai China

Climate change is an alarming global challenge, particularly affecting the least developed countries (LDCs) including Liberia. These countries, located in regions prone to unpredictable temperature and precipitation changes, are facing significant challenges, particularly in climate-sensitive sectors such as mining and agriculture. LDCs need more resilience to adverse climate shocks but have limited capacity for adaptation compared to other developed and developing nations. This paper examines Liberia’s susceptibility to climate change as a least developed country, focusing on its exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. It provides an overview of LDCs and outlines the global distribution of carbon dioxide emissions. The paper also evaluates specific challenges that amplify Liberia’s vulnerability and constrain sustainable adaptation, providing insight into climate change’s existing and potential effects. The paper emphasizes the urgency of addressing climate impacts on Liberia and calls for concerted local and international efforts for effective and sustainable mitigation efforts. It provides recommendations for policy decisions and calls for further research on climate change mitigation and adaptation.

关键词： Least Developed Countries Liberia Climate Change Vulnerability Poverty Hunger Disease research and Development (r&D) Adaptation

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Simultaneous determination of typical toxic aldehydes formed during food frying and digestion using isotope dilution UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第1期7卷 42-49页

作者： Feng Wang Yun Cui Dongjie Liu charles Brennan Soottawat Benjakul Weiwei Cheng Gengsheng Xiao Lukai Ma Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Intelligent Manufacturing of Lingnan Specialty Food of Ministry and rural Affairs College of Light Industry and FoodZhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringGuangzhou 510225China School of Science Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology UniversityMelbourneAustralia International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation Faculty of Agro-IndustryPrince of Songkla UniversitySongkhla 90110Thailand College of Food Science and Technology Zhejiang University of TechnologyHangzhou 310014China

An isotope dilution ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method was developed to simultaneously detect two typical kinds ofα,β-unsaturated aldehydes,namely 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal(4-HHE)and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal(4-HNE),in *** proposed method exhibited a linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.1-2.0 ng/g and a limit of quantification of 0.3-5.0 ng/*** recovery rates of these typical toxic aldehydes(i.e.,4-HHE,4-HNE)and their d3-labeled analogues were 91.54%-105.12%with a low matrix ***,this proposed method was successfully applied to a real frying system and a simulated digestion system,wherein the contents of 4-HHE and 4-HNE were determined for ***,the obtained results provide strong support for further research into the production of 4-HHE and 4-HNE resulting from foods during oil digestion and frying.

关键词： UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS 4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal Frying Simulated digestion

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Applying Earth Observation Technologies to Economic Consequence Modeling:A case Study of COVID‑19 in Los Angeles County,california

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International Journal of Disaster risk Science 2024年第1期15卷 18-31页

作者： Fynnwin Prager Marina T.Mendoza charles K.Huyck Adam rose Paul Amyx Gregory Yetman Kristy F.Tiampo california State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA Imagecat Inc.Long BeachCA 90802USA University of Southern california Los AngelesCA 90015USA CIESIN–Center for International Earth Science Information Network Columbia UniversityPalisadesNY 10964USA Cooperative Institute for research in Environmental Sciences(CIrES) University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309USA

Earth observation(EO) technologies,such as very high-resolution optical satellite data available from Maxar,can enhance economic consequence modeling of disasters by capturing the fine-grained and real-time behavioral responses of businesses and the *** investigated this unique approach to economic consequence modeling to determine whether crowd-sourced interpretations of EO data can be used to illuminate key economic behavioral responses that could be used for computable general equilibrium modeling of supply chain repercussions and resilience *** applied our methodology to the COVID-19 pandemic experience in Los Angeles County,california as a case *** also proposed a dynamic adjustment approach to account for the changing character of EO through longer-term disasters in the economic modeling *** found that despite limitations,EO data can increase sectoral and temporal resolution,which leads to significant differences from other data sources in terms of direct and total impact *** findings from this analytical approach have important implications for economic consequence modeling of disasters,as well as providing useful information to policymakers and emergency managers,whose goal is to reduce disaster costs and to improve economic resilience.

关键词： Computable general equilibrium models COVID-19 Disaster economic impacts Earth observation Economic consequence analysis Los Angeles County

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Une démocratie qui fonctionne

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中国与非洲（法文版） 2024年第5期16卷 16-17页

作者： charles ONUNAIJU 不详

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