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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2020年第12期8卷 2438-2447页

作者： Liziana n Onuigbo charity n onyishi Chiedu Eseadi Department of Educational Foundations University of NigeriaNsukka 410001Enugu StateNigeria Department of Educational Psychology Faculty of EducationUniversity of JohannesburgGauteng 2006South Africa

It has been observed that managing job burnout and dysfunctional distress constitute part of the major challenges among special educators,and that empirical data on the management of burnout and dysfunctional distress associated with the job of special education teachers are lacking in the literature.The current article discusses the clinical benefits of a rational-emotive stressmanagement therapy program in reducing the level of job burnout symptoms and dysfunctional distress in special education teachers,using evidence from a 2018 clinical trial study that reported the efficacy of this intervention.Results show the clinical benefits and implications of conducting a rational-emotive stress management intervention,and recommendations are made for future research.

关键词： Clinical benefits Dysfunctional distress Job burnout Rational-emotive behavior therapy Rational-emotive stress management therapy Special education teachers

Assisting individuals with diabetes in the COVID-19 pandemic period:Examining the role of religious factors and faith communities

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第26期10卷 9180-9191页

作者： Chiedu Eseadi Osita Victor Ossai charity neejide onyishi Leonard Chidi Ilechukwu Department of Educational Psychology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006GautengSouth Africa Department of Childhood Education University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006GuatengSouth Africa Educational Psychology University of JohannesburgSouth AfricaJohannesburg 2006GutengSouth Africa Department of Arts Education University of NigeriaNsukka 410001EnuguNigeria

With the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,diabetes management has become more challenging than it has ever been.Studies on the management of diabetes during this time are required.Unfortunately,the lack of information on the potential role of religious factors and faith communities in diabetes management during the COVID-19 era prevents us from fully understanding the issue of diabetes management during the COVID-19 pandemic period.People with chronic conditions such as diabetes may benefit from some form of religious support from faith communities and their ability to cope could be fostered by some religious factors.It is unclear how religious factors and faith communities contribute to diabetes management.In this article,the authors examine how people with diabetes can be aided in the COVID-19 pandemic period from the perspective of religious factors and faith communities.Based on the studies identified,it appears that religious factors and faith communities play an important role in managing diabetes among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Diabetes Faith communities Religious factors

Potential influences of religiosity and religious coping strategies on people with diabetes

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第25期10卷 8816-8826页

作者： charity neejide onyishi Chiedu Eseadi Leonard Chidi Ilechukwu Kingsley nwannennaya Okoro Charles nkem Okolie Emmanuel Egbule Emmanuel Asogwa Department of Educational Psychology University of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006GautengSouth Africa Department of Arts Education University of NigeriaNsukka 41001EnuguNigeria Department of Philosophy/Religion and Cultural Studies Alex Ekwueme Federal UniversityNdufu-Alike Ikwo 1010EbonyiNigeria

Diabetes is a significant health issue that threatens patients’overall wellbeing and quality of life.Critical public health concerns center on creating the best approach for diabetes management.Patients and caregivers have different approaches to diabetes management;however,this and the associated physiological,physical and mental health issues remain challenging.This review explores the potential influences of religiosity and religious coping strategies on people with diabetes.This study used a literature review approach to investigate how religiosity and religious coping strategies can influence the effective management of diabetes among patients.Based on the literature search,the researchers were able to identify and cite published papers that were analyzed using the descriptivenarrative analysis.An important goal of the descriptive-narrative analysis was to provide descriptions of the selected literature and take implications from the literature.The results of studies reviewed show some religious coping strategies for managing chronic diseases such as diabetes.The studies did establish a relationship between religiosity and diabetes management and suggest that religious coping strategies could positively impact the management of diabetes;however,they reported some adverse effects.Hence,we propose a pathway for the development of religion-oriented interventions and support framework for the management of diabetes.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Religiosity Religious belief Religious coping strategies Self-care management Social support

Impact of spiritual beliefs and faith-based interventions on diabetes management

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第5期12卷 630-641页

作者： charity neejide onyishi Leonard Chidi Ilechukwu Vera Victor-Aigbodion Chiedu Eseadi Department of Educational Psychology University of JohannesburgGauteng2006South Africa Department of Educational Foundations University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu 410001Nigeria Department of Arts Education University of NigeriaNsukkaEnugu 410001Nigeria

Management of diabetes constitutes significant social and economic burdens worldwide.There is a shortage of empirical studies on the management of diabetes and the associated mental health issues through spiritual beliefs and faith-based interventions(FBIs).It is not also clear how spiritual beliefs and FBIs account for the effective management of diabetic conditions.This article discusses the impact of spiritual beliefs and FBIs in the management of diabetes,from relationship and efficacy studies that report outcomes from experimental procedures of related interventions.The majority of the relationship studies showed positive relationships,while efficacy studies showed a high efficacy of interventions in faith-based approaches.However,none of the studies clearly reported the mechanisms of change or modality of operation in a FBI that can serve as a model across culture and context.Possible mechanisms of change were discussed for further development of a standard faith-based model,and finally,suggestions for future research were also highlighted by the authors.

关键词： Comorbid health conditions Diabetes Faith-based interventions Diabetes management Spirituality Coping strategies

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory property of the leaves of Sansevieria liberica ger.and labr.(fam:dracaenaceae)

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 791-795页

作者： Eze charity Chinasa Inya-Agha Stella Ifeoma Ezugwu Christopher Obodoike Ezea Samson Chhukwuemeka Department of Pharmacognosy and Environmental Medicine University of NigeriaNsukkaNigeria

Objective:To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of leaves of Sansevieria liberica Ger. and Labr.and to ascertain the toxicity and phytochemical profiles of the extract of the leaves. Methods:The juice from the fresh leaves was expressed manually and lyophilized.The crude extract（CE） was then fractionated into n-hexane fraction（HF）,chloroform fraction（CF）, ethylacetate fraction（EF） and methanol fraction（MF）.The crude extract（CF） and the fractions were screened for anti-inflammatory activity using egg albumen-induced paw（systemic） edema in rats as a measure of acute inflammation.The toxicity test and phytochemical screening were done using standard procedures.Results:The CE and the fractions significantly（Pnhibited the development of paw edema induced by egg albumen in rats.The potency/activity of the CE and the fractions increased in the order HF>CE>MF>CF>EF,with the CE and HF at 400 mg/kg exhibiting inhibition comparable to that obtained with 5 mg/kg diclofenac sodium. Acute toxicity test on CE established an oral and intraperitoneal LD50 of > 5 000 mg/kg in mice. Phytochemical screening of the CE and the fractions showed the presence of various bioactive substances such as alkaloids,saponins,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,glycosides,reducing sugars,tannins,resins,carbohydrates,proteins,acidic compounds,fats and oils.Conclusions: The results of the study showed that the leaves of Sansevieria liberica Ger and Labr.possess antiinflammatory effects which may be due to its bioactive constituents.Further purification on these bioactive constituents may result in the development of potent anti-inflammatory agent with low toxicity and better therapeutic index.

关键词： Anti-Inflammatory activity Sansevieria liberica Leaves Phytochemical screening

Properties of Baby Food Developed from Orange-Fleshed Sweetpotato and Mangoes

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Food and nutrition Sciences 2017年第11期8卷 979-988页

作者： charity n. Muchoki Jasper K. Imungi Department of Food Science Nutrition and Technology University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Directorate of Research Accreditation and Quality Assurance National Commission for Science Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya

Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) is a major concern in the world today and is a risk for children in developing countries. Trends have shown that food based interventions are the preferred long-term solution in controlling VAD as opposed to supplements. The orange-fleshed sweetpotato and mangoes are rich in beta-carotene, yet they are not fully utilized. A processed product from these raw materials will make use of surplus produce, promote year round utilization, increase the economic value of the crops and provide variety and convenience of uses. The roots were obtained from the field station, University of nairobi, while the mangoes were purchased from the local market. The roots were washed, peeled and sliced. They were boiled to softness and mashed. The mangoes were washed, peeled, sliced and pureed in a blender. The two raw materials were mixed using six different formulations. Each formula was pasteurized at 80°C for 5 min in a batch pasteurizer, packaged by hot filling, cooled immediately and stored. The cooking time for the sweetpotatoes was 19.5 min. Losses of beta-carotene and ascorbic acid ranged from 17% - 21% and 18% - 28% respectively after pasteurization. The total solids increased by 3% on average. Changes due to storage of the product at 25°C could be detected by sensory analysis only after six months of storage. After storage, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid decreased by 18% and by 45% respectively. The final stored product could provide 73.7% and 64.5% of retinol equivalent for infants and 1 - 10 year-olds respectively. It could also provide 48.9% of ascorbic acid for children 1 - 10 years old, when consumed in amounts of 100 g per day.

关键词： Sweetpotato Mangoes Baby Food Beta-Carotene Ascorbic Acid

Malaria Illness and Accessing Healthcare in an African Indigenous Population: A Qualitative Study of the Lived Experiences of Uganda’s Batwa in Kanungu District

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2023年第5期11卷 212-232页

作者： Didacus B. namanya Everd M. Bikaitwoha Lea Berrang-Ford Shuiaib Lwasa charity Kesande Sabastian Twesigomwe Ronald nyakol Uganda Martyrs University & Ministry of Health Kampala Uganda Department of Public Health Kabale University Kabale Uganda Priestly International Centre for Climate University of Leeds Leeds UK Department of Geography Geo-Informartics and Climate Sciences Makerere University Kampala Uganda Action for Batwa Empowerment Group (ABEG) Kanungu Uganda Batwa Development Program (BDP) Kanungu Uganda School of Public Health Makerere University Kampala Uganda

Purpose: Malaria continues to be a public health threat, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, including Uganda. While Batwa Indigenous People (IPs) face a higher burden of malaria, there is limited understanding of their malaria-lived experiences. We assessed and characterized malaria illness and accessing healthcare lived experiences of the Batwa in Kanungu district to inform contextually and culturally appropriate public health interventions. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in 5 Batwa settlements where 5 Focus Group Discussions (n = 36) and 13 Key Informant Interviews (n = 13) were held. Data were collected using printed guides and voice recorders in April 2018. Transcripts from the data that captured the lived experiences of the symptoms, prevention, treatment and barriers to accessing formal healthcare services were applied to Atlas.ti a qualitative data analysis software and condensed into codes, categories, and themes. Results: Many Batwa have experienced malaria in their households, and they know its causes and risk factors, like not sleeping under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITns), living near water bodies, prevention measures like the use of ITns, and vector management. The lived experiences demonstrate malaria management by an Indigenous population in a rural setting and comprised detecting malaria symptoms, use of herbs as first line of treatment, buying medicines from drug shops, and village health teams (VHTs) treatment. For many Batwa accessing formal healthcare is normally a second option. Barriers for malaria treatment included: long distances to health facilities, geographically difficult terrain, economic constraints, irregular health outreaches, and stockouts of malaria medicines at health facilities. Conclusion: This study characterized Batwa’s malaria illness lived experiences and access to healthcare in rural remote settings. These experiences are essential in appreciating the ways in which Indigenous populations understand and manage common illnesses and how appr

关键词： Accessing Healthcare Batwa IPs Lived Experiences Malaria Illness Uganda

Consistency of the <i>φ</i>-Divergence Based Change Point Estimator

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Open Journal of Statistics 2020年第5期10卷 832-849页

作者： Mwelu Susan Anthony G. Waititu Peter n. Mwita charity Wamwea Pan-African University Institute of Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences JKUAT Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Sciences Machakos University Machakos Kenya

This paper utilizes a change-point estimator based on the φ-divergence. Since we seek a near perfect translation to reality, then locations of parameter change within a finite set of data have to be accounted for since the assumption of stationary model is too restrictive especially for long time series. The estimator is shown to be consistent through asymptotic theory and finally proven through simulations. The estimator is applied to the generalized Pareto distribution to estimate changes in the scale and shape parameters.n>

关键词： Change Point Consistency φ-Divergence Kullback-Leibler Generalized Pareto Distribution

Limit Distribution of the φ-Divergence Based Change Point Estimator

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Open Journal of Statistics 2021年第3期11卷 337-350页

作者： Mwelu Susan Anthony G. Waititu Peter n. Mwita charity Wamwea Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences Technology and Innovation Nairobi Kenya Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences JKUAT Nairobi Kenya Department of Mathematics Statistics and Actuarial Sciences Machakos University Machakos Kenya

The assumption of stationarity is too restrictive especially for long time series. This paper studies the change point problem through a change point estimator based on the φ-divergence which provides a rich set of d... 详细信息

The assumption of stationarity is too restrictive especially for long time series. This paper studies the change point problem through a change point estimator based on the φn>-divergence which provides a rich set of distance like measures between pairs of distributions. The change point problem is considered in the following sub-fields: the problem of divergence estimation, testing for the homogeneity between two samples as well as estimating the time of change. The asymptotic distribution of the change point estimator is estimated by the limiting distribution of a stochastic process within given bounds through asymptotic theory surrounding the likelihood theory. The distribution is found to converge to that of a standardized Brownian bridge process.n>n>

关键词： Change Point φ-Divergence Estimator Test Statistic Distribution Wald

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2019年第3期9卷 90-113页

作者： charity ngugi Gikunda Lucy Gitonga Chuka University Kenya Chuka

Antihypertensive medication is one way to manage hypertension but many hypertensive patients do not optimize drug therapy to achieve blood pressure control. Hypertensive medication non-adherence continues to become a contributing factor to hypertensive complications like heart attacks, heart failure, stroke, kidney disease. Prevalence of non-adherence to antihypertensive treatment is not known but it’s thought to be increasing. Associated factors of non-adherence are complex, are both internal and external to the patient but are difficult to extrapolate. This can partly be because the determinants of non-adherence to hypertensive may have a locality effect due to many factors such as culture and health system in a given locality. Hence, studies from one region may not have a cross-application. Therefore, there is the need to study the factors associated with non-adherence at a local scale. Descriptive study design was adopted to guide the implementation of the study. The population comprised of 575 people among doctors, pharmacists, nurses, record officers and hypertension patients. The respondents were identified through simple random sampling and a sample size of 81 patients was achieved and 10 health care providers including doctors, pharmacists, record officers and nurses were also interviewed through census method. Data was collected between the month of April and May 2019. Questionnaires were used as data collection tools for the patients while the interview schedule was conducted to health care providers through an interview guide. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis, aided by SPSS. The study revealed a significant negative correlation (rpb = −0.227, p 0.05) between age and non-adherent, insignificant relationship with marital status (rpb = −0.129), insignificant (rpb = −0.064) correlation with patients’ level of education and a positive correlation with monthly income (rpb = 0.24). A majority of patients stated that (64%) of the hypertensive patients had mi

关键词： Hypertension nonadherence Medication Inhibiting Factors High Blood Pressure Patients’ Characteristics