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Role for mycobacterial infection in pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis?

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第35期18卷 4855-4865页

作者： Daniel Smyk Eirini I Rigopoulou Yoh Zen Robin Daniel Abeles charalambos billinis Albert Pares Dimitrios P Bogdanos Institute of Liver Studies and Liver Unit King's College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital and Kings College Hospital NHS Trust Foundation TrustLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom Institute of Biomedical Research and Technology(BIOMED) CERETETHLarissa 41222Greece Dimitrios P Bogdanos Department of MedicineUniversity Hospital of LarissaUniversity of Thessaly Medical SchoolBiopolisLarissa 41110Greece Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Liver Unit Digestive Diseases InstituteHospital ClínicIDIBAPSCIBEREHDUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona 08036Spain

Primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC） is a progressive cho- lestatic liver disease characterized by the immune- mediated destruction of biliary epithelial cells in small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease is characterized by circulating antimitochondrial antibodies （AMAs） as well as disease-specific antinuclear antibodies, cholestatic liver function tests, and characteristic histological fea- tures, including granulomas. A variety of organisms are involved in granuloma formation, of which mycobacte- ria are the most commonly associated. This has led to the hypothesis that mnycobacteria may be involved in the pathogenesis of PBC, along with other infectious agents. Additionally, AMAs are found in a subgroup of patients with rnycobacterial infections, such as lep- rosy and pulmonary tuberculosis. Antibodies against species-specific mycobacterial proteins have been re- ported in patients with PBC, but it is not clear whether these antibodies are specific for the disease. In addi- tion, data in support of the involvement of the role of molecular mimicry between rnycobacterial and human mitochondrial antigens as triggers of cross-reactive im- mune responses leading to the loss of immunological tolerance, and the induction of pathological features have been published. Thus, antibodies against myco- bacterial heat shock protein appear to cross-recognize AMA-specific autoantigens, but it is not clear whether these autoantibodies are mycobacterium-species-spe- cific, and whether they are pathogenic or incidental. The view that mycobacteria are infectious triggers of PBC is intriguing, but the data provided so far are not conclusive.

关键词： Antimitochondrial antibodies Autoantibody Autoimmunity Cholestasis Heat shock Infection Liverdisease Liver failure Mycobacterium Tuberculosis

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Vlammals and habitat disturbance： the case 3f brown hare and wildfire

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Current Zoology 2016年第5期62卷 421-430页

作者： Christos Sokos Periklis BIRTSAS Konstantinos G. PAPASPYROPOULOS Efstathios TSACHALIDIS Alexios GIANNAKOPOULOS Chrysostomos MILLS Vassiliki SPYROU Katerina MANOLAKOU George VALIAKOS Christos IAKOVAKIS Labrini V. ATHANASIOU Athanasios SFOUGARIS charalambos billinis Laboratory of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly 43100 Karditsa Hellas Greece Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Research Division Hunting Federation of Macedonia and Thrace Ethnikis Antistasis 173-175 55134 Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Laboratory of Wildlife Department of Forestry and Management of Natural Environment Technological Institute of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Hunting Management Department of Forestry and Environmental Management Democritus University of Thrace Orestiada Hellas Greece Ministry of Rural Development and Foods Feed Stuff Control Laboratory of Thessaloniki Thermi Thessaloniki Hellas Greece Department of Animal Husbandry and Nutrition Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Department of Animal Production Technological Institute of Thessaly Larissa Hellas Greece Department of Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Thessaly Karditsa Hellas Greece Laboratory of Ecosystem and Biodiversity Management Faculty of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment University of Thessaly Volos Hellas Greece

Ecosystem disturbances, such as wildfires, are driving forces that determine ecology and conservation measures. Species respond differentially to wildfires, having diverse post-fire population evolution. This study reports, for first time, the responses of brown hare （Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778） to wildfires. Hare relative abundance, age ratio, diet quality, body condition, and diseases were studied. Fire influence on vegetation was calculated at a micro-scale level. Hare abundance was lower the first year after wildfires in burned relative to unburned areas. The reverse was found in the second year when hare abundance was higher in burned areas. Hare abundance in burned areas was also higher in the third and fourth years. In the fifth and sixth years after wildfire no significant difference was found in abundance. At a micro-scale level, higher numbers of hare feces were counted in places with greater wildfire influence on vegetation. Age ratio analysis revealed more juveniles in burned areas, but the same number of neonates in burned and unburned areas, indicating lower mortality of juveniles in burned areas. Reduced predation in burned areas pro- vides the most plausible explanation for our findings.

关键词： diet forest fire lagomorphs predation vegetation.

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