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油菜菌核病抗性鉴定

农业科技译丛（湖南） 1991年第2期20卷 37-38页

作者： scott,es 刘忠松

Guanylyl cyclase C signaling axis and colon cancer prevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8070-8077页

作者： Amanda M Pattison Dante J Merlino Erik S Blomain scott A Waldman Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Thomas Jefferson University

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is a major cause of cancerrelated mortality and morbidity worldwide. While improved treatments have enhanced overall patient outcome, disease burden encompassing quality of life, cost of care, and patient survival has seen little benefit. Consequently, additional advances in CRC treatments remain important, with an emphasis on preventative measures. Guanylyl cyclase C(GUCY2C), a transmembrane receptor expressed on intestinal epithelial cells, plays an important role in orchestrating intestinal homeostatic mechanisms. These effects are mediated by the endogenous hormones guanylin(GUCA2A) and uroguanylin(GUCA2B), which bind and activate GUCY2 C to regulate proliferation, metabolism and barrier function in intestine. Recent studies have demonstrated a link between GUCY2 C silencing and intestinal dysfunction, including tumorigenesis. Indeed, GUCY2 C silencing by the near universal loss of its paracrine hormone ligands increases colon cancer susceptibility in animals and humans. GUCY2C's role as a tumor suppressor has opened the door to a new paradigm for CRC prevention by hormone replacement therapy using synthetic hormone analogs, such as the FDA-approved oral GUCY2 C ligand linaclotide(Linzess^(TM)). Here we review the known contributions of the GUCY2 C signaling axis to CRC, and relate them to a novel clinical strategy targeting tumor chemoprevention.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Guanylin Uroguanylin Chemoprevention Heat-stable enterotoxins Cyclic guanosine monophosphate Guanylyl cyclase C

Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11411-11427页

作者： Tyler J Caron Kathleen E scott James G Fox Susan J Hagen Department of Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Division of Comparative Medicine Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer,tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach,or dysfunction in the infected stomach,however,are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells,claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules,each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging,because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore,the role of H. pylori virulence factors,such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin,in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo,likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study,as well,is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions,normally and in H. pylori infection,and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Tight junction Claudins Parace

characterization of Hydrothermal Alteration Mineralogy and Pathfinder Elements in the Exploration for gold in North Mara mines,Tanzania

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 165-165页

作者： Emmanuel Kazimoto Justinian R.Ikingura scott Halley Department of Geology University of Dar es Salaam

A combination of mineralogical and multielement analyses was used to characterize the hydrothermal alteration,pathfinder elements and their distribution within the gold deposits in North Mara mines,the Archean Musoma-Mara greenstone belt,Tanzania. The aim was to evaluate the suitability of alteration mineral assemblages and composition as an effective exploration marker for fingerprinting

关键词： gold exploration Archean Musoma Mara greenstone belt North Mara mines short wavelength infrared spectrometry hydrothermal alteration

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Health 2018年第9期10卷 1250-1260页

作者： Joshua West Ahmad Syafiq Benjamin Crookston Cudjoe Bennett Muhamad R. Hasan Kirk Dearden Mary Linehan Cougar Hall scott Torres Department of Public Health Brigham Young University Provo UT USA Faculty of Public Health Universitas Indonesia Depok Indonesia IMA World Health Washington DC USA IMA World Health Jakarta Indonesia IMA World Health Dar es Salaam Tanzania

Background: Stunting in young children continues to be a major concern in developing country settings, including middle income countries like Indonesia. Early intervention is critical to prevent increased morbidity and mortality, lower cognitive functioning, and diminished productivity in adulthood. Mothers may benefit from knowledge and information related to stunting causes and effects. Indonesia has readily adopted a variety of platforms, which are now being used to disseminate health information. The purpose of this study was to address two related research questions: 1) What are the primary sources of Indonesian mothers’ stunting-related knowledge? 2) What factors are associated with using these various platforms to access stunting-related information? Method: Mothers (n = 745) responded to questions about demographics and the source of stunting knowledge, which included hospitals, the Internet, midwives, posyandu (community health posts), and puskesmas (public health centers). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with mothers’ reported use of the three most common sources to acquire information about stunting, including posyandu, puskesmas and the Internet. Results: Eighty percent of mothers in this study sample used posyandu, 31.7% puskesmas, and 16.9% used the Internet as a source for stunting-related knowledge. For the three most common sources, factors associated with each included not accessing the other sources. Conclusions: Indonesian mothers are using a variety of platforms and services to acquire information about stunting. These sources are different one from another and each may be an important resource for disseminating health information, especially outside of urban centers. Results from this study may help to identify characteristics of Indonesian mothers who could benefit from acquiring stunting-related information in these formats. Each of these sources of information appears to be utilized by different group

关键词： Indonesia Internet Nutrition Knowledge Posyandu Puskesmas Stunting

Impact of 1,7-malaria reactive community-based testing and response(1,7-mRCTR)approach on malaria prevalence inTanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第6期12卷 103-104页

作者： Wei Chang Jessica Cohen Duo‑Quan Wang Salim Abdulla Muhidin Kassim Mahende Tegemeo Gavana Valerie scott Hajirani M.Msuya Mary Mwanyika‑Sando Ritha John ANjau Shen‑Ning Lu Silas Temu Honorati Masanja Wilbald Anthony Maru Aregawi W Naveen Sunder Tang Kun Katia Bruxvoort Jovin Kitau Fadhila Kihwele Godlove Chila Mihayo Michael Marcia Castro Nicolas AMenzies Sein Kim Xiao Ning Xiao‑Nong Zhou Prosper Chaki Yeromin P.Mlacha Department of Global Health and Population Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Boston USA Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai People’s Republic of China Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai People’s Republic of China Ifakara Health Institute Dar es Salaam United Republic of Tanzania Africa Academy for Public Health Dar es Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar es Salaam Tanzania National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Ministry of Science and Technology Shanghai People’s Republic of China Global Malaria Programme World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland Bentley University Waltham USA Vanke School of Public Health Tsinghua University Beijing People’s Republic of China School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA The Pan-African Mosquito Control Association (PAMCA) KEMRI Headquarters Nairobi Kenya

Background Progress in malaria control has stalled in recent years and innovative surveillance and response approaches are needed to accelerate malaria control and elimination eforts in endemic areas of ***‑ing on a previous China-UK-Tanzania pilot study on malaria control,this study aimed to assess the impact of the 1,7-malaria Reactive Community-Based Testing and Response(1,7-mRCTR)approach implemented over two years in three districts of *** The 1,7-mRCTR approach provides community-based malaria testing via rapid diagnostic tests and treat‑ment in villages with the highest burden of malaria incidence based on surveillance data from health *** used a diference-in-diferences quasi-experimental design with linear probability models and two waves of crosssectional household surveys to assess the impact of 1,7-mRCTR on malaria *** conducted sensitivity analyses to assess the robustness of our results,examined how intervention efects varied in subgroups,and explored alternative explanations for the observed *** Between October 2019 and September 2021,244,771 community-based malaria rapid tests were com‑pleted in intervention areas,and each intervention village received an average of 3.85 rounds of *** prevalence declined from 27.4%at baseline to 11.7%at endline in the intervention areas and from 26.0%to 16.0%in the control areas.1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 4.5-percentage-point decrease in malaria prevalence(95%confdence interval:−0.067,−0.023),equivalent to a 17%reduction from the *** Rufji,a district characterized by lower prevalence and where larviciding was additionally provided,1,7-mRCTR was associated with a 63.9%decline in malaria *** The 1,7-mRCTR approach reduced malaria *** implementation interruptions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and supply chain challenges,the study provided novel evidence on the efectiveness of community-based reactive approache

关键词： Malaria Surveillance and response Incidence rate Community-health worker Health facility Communitybased testing and treatment 1,7-mRCTR Tanzania

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流感嗜血杆菌性流感引起的眼内炎

世界核心医学期刊文摘（眼科学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 53-54页

作者： Yoder D.M. scott I.U. Flynn Jr. H.W. Miller D. 黎黎

To investigate the clinical settings, management strategies, antibiotic sensit ivities, and visual acuity outcomes for eyes with endophthalmitis caused by Haem ophilus influenzae. Retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series. The medical records were reviewed of all patients treated for culture proven H. inf luenzae endophthalmitis at a single institution between January 1, 1980, and Dec ember 31, 2002. Visual acuity and antibiotic sensitivities. The study included 1 6 eyes of 16 patients with a median age of 68 years (range, 6 months-83 years) and a median follow up of 26 months (range, 2 months-15 years). Clinical setti ngs included post trabeculectomy (n=7), postcataract surgery (n=6), post pars plana vitrectomy (n=1), post secondary intraocular lens insertion (n=1), and po stsuture removal from an extracapsular cataract wound (n=1). Eleven (69%) cases were of delayed onset ( > 6 weeks from surgery/event), with a median interval b etween surgery/event and presentation with endophthalmitis of 18 months (range, 44 days-21 years); 5 (31%) cases were of acute onset (median, 6 days; range, 2 -14 days). Presenting visual acuity was hand movements or better in 7 (44%) ey es. A vitreous tap and inject was performed initially in 9 (56%) eyes, and a vi trectomy was performed initially in the remaining 7 (44%) eyes. All eyes receiv ed intravitreal antibiotics on the day of presentation, and 11 (69%) received i ntravitreal dexamethasone. In vitro testing of the H. influenzae isolates reveal ed that 14 of 16 (88%) were sensitive to vancomycin, ampicillin, and trimethopr im/sulfa methoxazole; 15 of 16 (94%) were sensitive to aminoglycosides (1 isol a te was resistant to gentamicin); and all were sensitive to cephalosporins, fluor oquinolones, and carbapenems. The organisms were sensitive to at least 1 of the initial antibiotics administered in all cases. Final visual acuity was 5/200 or better in 6 (38%) eyes, and 6 (38%) eyes had a final visual acuity of no light pe

关键词：流感嗜血杆菌眼内炎玻璃体切除抗生素敏感性晶状体囊外摘除小梁切除手术玻璃体切割术睫状体平坦部晶体植入临床病史

Moving beyond Wastewater:Perspectives on Environmental Surveillance of Infectious Diseases for Public Health Action in Low-Resource Settings

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Environment & Health 2024年第10期2卷 684-687页

作者： Jeseth Delgado Vela Sarah E.Philo Joe Brown Mami Taniuchi Molly Cantrell Alexandra Kossik Maya Ramaswamy Sitara SR Ajjampur Fatma Z.Guerfali Rochelle H.Holm John scott Meschke Maria Catherine B.Otero Amy J.Pickering Mahbubur Rahman Alexander G.Shaw Abhilasha Shrestha Kwanrawee Sirikanchana Vivi Maketa Tevuzula Rolf U.Halden Alexandria B.Boehm Kyle Bibby Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Duke UniversityDurhamNorth Carolina 27710United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Notre DameSouth BendIndiana 46556United States Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los AngelesCA 90007USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNorth Carolina 27599United States Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVirginia 22903United States Waterborne Disease Prevention Branch U.S.Centers for Disease ControlAtlantaGeorgia 30329United States The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory Christian Medical CollegeVellore 632004India Laboratory of Transmission Control and Immunobiology of Infections(LTCII)Institut Pasteur de TunisTunis-Belvédère 1002Tunisia UniversitéTunis El Manar Tunis 1002Tunisia Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute School of MedicineUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40202United States Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences School of Public HealthUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashington 98195United States College of Medicine University of the Philippines ManilaManila 2801Philippines Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research(IEDCR)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZU.K. Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences University of Illinois Chicago School of Public HealthChicagoIllinois 60612United States Research Laboratory of Biotechnology Chulabhorn Research InstituteBangkok 10210Thailand Department of Tropical Medicine University of KinshasaKinshasa/DR 63090201Congo School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment Arizona State UniversityTempe

Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillance(es),defined as tracking pathogens of interest in fecally contaminated surface waters,soil,or fomites,in low-resource settings for public health action.1,2 The power of es in lowresource settings is most clearly illustrated with the over 30 years of well-established and standardized polio *** part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,the World Health Organization(WHO)has accredited 146 laboratories within the Global Polio Lab Network(GPLN).These facilities across 92 countries process over 8,000 wastewater or fecally contaminated surface water samples per year,in addition to over 220,000 stool samples annually.3 The data generated from the GPLN are closely linked to clear public health action related to targeted vaccination *** investment and adoption of es for polio eradication efforts serves as a use-case for other targets of *** explore the current state of the field,the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network(RCN)on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop in December 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges for es in low-resource settings(Figure 1).Discussions during the workshop highlighted knowledge gaps,best-practices,target selection,academic/government/private partnerships and overall public health action and sustainability of these programs.

关键词： wastewater Wastewater annually

Preserving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease:The Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection research initiative(ADNRI)

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Neuroprotection 2023年第2期1卷 84-98页

作者： Jie Liu Heleen van Beusekom Xian-Le Bu Gong Chen Paulo Henrique Rosado de Castro Xiaochun Chen Xiaowei Chen Andrew N.Clarkson Tracy D.Farr Yuhong Fu Jianping Jia Jukka Jolkkonen Woojin scott Kim Paula Korhonen Shen Li Yajie Liang Guang-Hui Liu Guiyou Liu Yu-Hui Liu Tarja Malm Xiaobo Mao Joaquim Miguel Oliveira Mike M.Modo Pedro Ramos-Cabrer Karsten Ruscher Weihong Song Jun Wang Xuanyue Wang Yun Wang Haitao Wu Lize Xiong Yi Yang Keqiang Ye Jin-Tai Yu Xin-Fu Zhou Marietta Zille Colin L.Masters Piotr Walczak Boltze Johannes Xunming Ji Yan-Jiang Wang Department of Neurology Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases ChongqingChina Division of Experimental Cardiology Department of CardiologyErasmus MCUniversity Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands Institute of Brain and Intelligence Third Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina Guangdong-HongKong-Macao Institute of CNS Regeneration(GHMICR) Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina Institute of Biomedical Sciences Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology Department of Neurology and GeriatricsFujian Institute of GeriatricsFujian Medical University Union HospitalInstitute of NeuroscienceFujian Medical UniversityFuzhouFujianChina Guangyang Bay Laboratory Chongqing Institute for Brain and IntelligenceChongqingChina Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Department of Anatomy Brain Health Research Centre and Brain Research New ZealandUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand School of Life Sciences University of NottinghamNottinghamUK Brain and Mind Centre&School of Medical Sciences The University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalNational Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DiseasesCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences University of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland Department of Neurology and Psychiatry Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders Laboratory of Brain DisordersMinistry of Sci

The global trend toward aging populations has resulted in an increase in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and associated socioeconomic *** metabolism of amyloid-β(Aβ)has been proposed as a significant pathomechanism in AD,supported by results of recent clinical trials using anti-Aβ***,the cognitive benefits of the current treatments are *** etiology of AD is multifactorial,encompassing Aβand tau accumulation,neuroinflammation,demyelination,vascular dysfunction,and comorbidities,which collectively lead to widespread neurodegeneration in the brain and cognitive ***,solely removing Aβfrom the brain may be insufficient to combat neurodegeneration and preserve *** attain effective treatment for AD,it is necessary to(1)conduct extensive research on various mechanisms that cause neurodegeneration,including advances in neuroimaging techniques for earlier detection and a more precise characterization of molecular events at scales ranging from cellular to the full system level;(2)identify neuroprotective intervention targets against different neurodegeneration mechanisms;and(3)discover novel and optimal combinations of neuroprotective intervention strategies to maintain cognitive function in AD *** Alzheimer's Disease Neuroprotection Research Initiative's objective is to facilitate coordinated,multidisciplinary efforts to develop systemic neuroprotective strategies to combat *** aim is to achieve mitigation of the full spectrum of pathological processes underlying AD,with the goal of halting or even reversing cognitive decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease early intervention neural regeneration neuroprotection systematic perspective