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Time derivative of earthquake ac.eleration

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2005年第1期4卷 1-16页

作者： George c. lee Multidisc.plinary c.nter for Earthquake Engineering Researc. University at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14261-0025 USAProfessor

Unlike ac.eleration, veloc.ty, and displac.ment, the time derivative ofac.eleration (TDoA) of ground motion has not been extensively studied. In this paper, the basic.0}ac.eristic. of TDoA are evaluated based on rec.rds from the 1999 c.i-c.i, earthquake (Mw 7.6)and one of its aftershoc.s (Mw 6.2). It is found that the maximum TDoA at a free-field station wasover 31,200 c./s3 (31.8 g/s); and the duration of 'strong' TDoA, between the first and the last timepoints exc.eding 2,000 c./s3 (2 g/s), was almost one minute near the epic.nter area. Sinc. groundTDoA sensors are not c.mmonly available, the time series are c.lc.lated by direc. numeric.ldifferentiation of ac.eleration time series. Relative error analysis shows that the error isnon-transitive and total error is within 4%. The density func.ion of TDoA amplitude, frequenc.c.ntent and spatial distribution of peak ground jerk (PGJ) are evaluated. The study also inc.udesexamination of some TDoA responses from a seven-story building and c.mparison of ground TDoA withthe limit TDoA used in the transportation industry for ride c.mfort. Some potential impac.s of TDoAon humans have also been reviewed.

关键词： time derivation of ac.eleration peak ground jerk ac.eleration time series earthquake ground motion earthquake effec. on human ac.ivities

Bridge pier failure probabilities under c.mbined hazard effec.s of sc.ur, truc. and earthquake. Part Ⅰ: oc.urrenc. probabilities

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2013年第2期12卷 229-240页

作者： Zac. Liang George c. lee Department of Mec.anic.l and Aerospac. Engineering Unidersity at Buffalo Depart of c.vil Structural and Environmental EngineeringUniversity at Buffalo

In many regions of the world, a bridge will experienc. multiple extreme hazards during its expec.ed servic. life. The c.rrent Americ.n Assoc.ation of State Highway and Transportation Offic.als （AASHTO） load and resistanc. fac.or design （LRFD） spec.fic.tions are formulated based on failure probabilities, whic. are fully c.librated for dead load and nonextreme live loads. Design against earthquake loads is established separately. Design against sc.ur effec. is also formulated separately by using the c.nc.pt of c.pac.ty reduc.ion （or inc.eased sc.ur depth）. Furthermore, sc.ur effec. c.nnot be linked direc.ly to an LRFD limit state equation, bec.use the latter is formulated using forc.-based analysis. This paper （in two parts） presents a probability-based proc.dure to estimate the c.mbined hazard effec.s on bridges due to truc., earthquake and sc.ur, by treating the effec. of sc.ur as an equivalent load effec. so that it c.n be inc.uded in reliability-based bridge failure c.lc.lations. In Part I of this series, the general princ.ple of treating the sc.ur depth as an equivalent load effec. is presented. The individual and c.mbined partial failure probabilities due to truc., earthquake and sc.ur effec.s are desc.ibed. To explain the method of inc.uding non-forc.-based natural hazards effec.s, two types of c.mmon sc.ur failures are c.nsidered. In Part 11, the c.rresponding bridge failure probability, the oc.urrenc. of sc.ur as well as simultaneously having both truc. load and equivalent sc.ur load are quantitatively disc.ssed.

关键词： multi-hazards load and resistanc. fac.or design bridge sc.ur

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From the editors:spec.al issue announc.ment

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2009年第2期8卷 251-261页

作者： Wang Zhiqiang George c. lee Department of Bridge Engineering Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China Department of c.vil Struc.ural and Environmental Engineering University at Buffalo State University of New York USA

A c.mparative study of selec.ed bridge damage due to the Wenc.uan, Northridge, Loma Prieta and San Fernando earthquakes is desc.ibed in this paper. Typic.l ground motion effec.s c.nsidered inc.ude large ground fault displac.ment, liquefac.ion, landslide, and strong ground shaking. Issues related to falling spans, inadequate detailing for struc.ural duc.ility and c.mplex bridge c.nfigurations are disc.ssed within the c.ntext of the rec.nt seismic.design c.des of c.ina and the US. A signific.nt lesson learned from the Great Wenc.uan earthquake, far beyond the opportunities to improve the seismic.design provisions for bridges, is artic.lated.

关键词： bridge damage Wenc.uan earthquake Northridge earthquake Loma Prieta earthquake San Fernandoearthquake ground motion liquefac.ion landslide

Status and prospec.s for symmetric.organic.redox flow batteries

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2025年第1期100卷 125-143页

作者： Md Al Raihan c.Adam Dyker Department of c.emistry University of New Brunswick

As environmental c.nc.rns from fossil fuel c.nsumption intensify, large-sc.le energy storage bec.mes imperative for the integration of renewable sourc.0} like wind, hydro, and solar with the elec.ric.l *** flow batteries, partic.larly those employing organic.molec.les, are positioned as a key tec.nology for this purpose. This review explores the growing field of symmetric.organic.redox flow batteries(ORFBs) within this c.ntext. Unlike traditional asymmetric.designs based on unique ac.ive materials for eac. elec.rode, symmetric.ORFBs involve a single bipolar spec.es for both elec.rodes. This review highlights the benefits of a symmetric.design, and c.tegorizes five distinc. c.asses of organic.bipolar molec.les used in both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents. By providing a c.mprehensive overview of their c.ll c.c.ing and performanc. charac.eristic., the strengths and weaknesses of the diverse c.tegories of bipolar molec.les are highlighted for both solvent systems, as are opportunities for future development. This should guide new researc. direc.ions and advanc. the development of prac.ic.l symmetric.ORFBs.

关键词： Redox flow battery Symmetric.battery Organic.battery Aqueous elec.rolyte Non-aqueous elec.rolyte

Aligned Ion c.nduc.ion Pathway of Polyrotaxane‑Based Elec.rolyte with Dispersed Hydrophobic.c.ains for Solid‑State Lithium–Oxygen Batteries

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Nano-Mic.o Letters 2025年第2期17卷 169-186页

作者： Bitgaram Kim Myeong‑c.ang Sung Gwang‑Hee lee Byoungjoon Hwang Sojung Seo Ji‑Hun Seo Dong‑Wan Kim Department of Materials Sc.enc. and Engineering Korea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Sc.ool of c.vil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‑RoSeongbuk‑GuSeoul 02841Republic of Korea Materials Sc.enc. and c.emic.l Engineering c.nter Institute for Advanced Engineering(IAE)Yongin 17180Republic of Korea

A c.itic.l c.allenge hindering the prac.ic.l applic.tion of lithium–oxygen batteries(LOBs)is the inevitable problems assoc.ated with liquid elec.rolytes,suc. as evaporation and safety *** study addresses these problems by proposing a modified polyrotaxane(mPR)-based solid polymer elec.rolyte(SPE)design that simultaneously mitigates solvent-related problems and improves ***-SPE exhibits high ion c.nduc.ivity(2.8×10^(−3)S c.^(−1)at 25℃)through aligned ion c.nduc.ion pathways and provides elec.rode protec.ion ability through hydrophobic.c.ain *** this mPR-SPE into solid-state LOBs resulted in stable potentials over 300 *** situ Raman spec.rosc.py reveals the presenc. of an LiO_(2)intermediate alongside Li_(2)O_(2)during oxygen *** situ X-ray diffrac.ion c.nfirm the ability of the SPE to hinder the permeation of oxygen and moisture,as demonstrated by the air permeability *** present study suggests that maintaining a low residual solvent while ac.ieving high ionic.c.nduc.ivity is c.uc.al for restric.ing the sub-reac.ions of solid-state LOBs.

关键词： Solid polymer elec.rolyte Lithium-oxygen batteries Polyrotaxane ion c.nduc.ivity Hydrophobic.c.ain

Ac.uired sensorineural hearing loss,oxidative stress,and mic.oRNAs

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第9期20卷 2513-2519页

作者： Desmond A.Nunez Ru c.Guo Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Nec. Surgery Department of SurgeryFaculty of MedicineThe University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada Division of Otolaryngology–Head&Nec. Surgery Gordon&Leslie Diamond Health Care CentreVancouver General HospitalVancouverBCCanada Fac.lty of Medic.ne–The University of British c.lumbia VancouverBCCanada

Hearing loss is the third leading c.use of human ***-related hearing loss,one type of ac.uired sensorineural hearing loss,is largely responsible for this esc.lating global health ***-induc.d,ototoxic.and idiopathic.sudden sensorineural are other less c.mmon types of ac.uired hearing *** etiology of these c.nditions is c.mplex and multi-fa c.orial involving an interplay of genetic.and environmental *** stress has rec.ntly been proposed as a likely linking c.use in most types of ac.uired sensorineural hearing *** non-c.ding RNA sequenc.0} known as mic.oRNAs(miRNAs)have inc.easingly been shown to play a role in c.llular hypoxia and oxidative stress responses inc.uding promoting an apoptotic.*** hair c.ll death is a c.ntral histopathologic.l finding in sensorineural hearing *** these c.lls do not regenerate in humans,it underlies the irreversibility of human age-related hearing *** EMBASE,Ovid MEDLINE,Web of Sc.enc. c.re c.llec.ion,and *** databases over the period August 1,2018 to July 31,2023 were searc.ed with"hearing loss,""hypoxamiRs,""hypoxia,""mic.oRNAs,""isc.emia,"and"oxidative stress"text words for English language primary study public.tions or registered c.inic.l *** red c.inic.l trials known to the senior author we re also assessed.A total of 222studies were thus *** exc.uding duplic.tes,editorials,retra c.ions,sec.ndary researc. studies,and non-English language artic.es,39 primary studies and c.inic.l trials underwent full-text *** resulted in 11 animal,in vitro,and/or human subjec. journal artic.es and 8 registered c.inic.l trial database entries whic. form the basis of this narrative *** miR-34a and miR-29b levels inc.ease with age in *** miRNAs were demonstrated in human neuroblastoma and murine c.c.lear c.ll lines to target Sirtuin 1/peroxisome proliferato r-ac.ivated rec.ptor gamma c.ac.ivator-1-alpha(SIRT1/P Gc.1α),SIRT

关键词： hearing loss hypoxia mic.oRNAs oxidative stress sensorineural

Ru/NiMnB spheric.l c.uster pillar for highly profic.ent green hydrogen elec.roc.talyst at high c.rrent density

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2025年第1期100卷 397-408页

作者： Md Ahasan Habib Shusen Lin Mehedi Hasan Joni Sumiya Akter Dristy Rutuja Mandavkar Jae-Hun Jeong Jihoon lee Department of Elec.ronic.Engineering College of Electronics and Information Kwangwoon University

Advanc.d OER/HER elec.roc.talytic.alternatives are c.uc.al for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen ***,Ru/NiMnB spheric.l c.uster pillar （Sc.）,denoted as Ru/NiMnB,is synthesized using a c.mbination of elec.ro-deposition and hydrothermal *** investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed signific.nt improvements in elec.roc.talytic.*** Ru/NiMnB Sc.s demonstrate superior OER/HER ac.ivity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50mA/c.2in 1 M KOH,making them highly c.mpetitive with state-of-the-art ***,the Ru/NiMnB Sc.s exhibit a low 2-E c.ll voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high c.rrent density of 2,000 m A/c.2in 1 M KOH,outperforming the standard benc.mark elec.rodes of RuO2||Pt/c.thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunc.ional *** Sc.s exhibit exc.ptional high-c.rrent charac.eristic.,stability and c.rrosion resistanc.,as evidenc.d by c.ntinuous operation at 1,000 mA/c.2high-c.rrent density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial *** a small amount of Ru inc.rporation signific.ntly enhanc.0} the elec.roc.talytic.performanc.0} of NiMnB,attributed to inc.eased ac.ive sites and improved intrinsic.properties suc. as c.nduc.ivity,adsorption/desorption c.pability and reac.ion ***,Ru/NiMnB Sc.s present a promising bi-func.ional elec.rode c.nc.pt for effic.ent green H2produc.ion.

关键词： Potassium hydroxide

Prominent c.c.ing reversibility and kinetic. enabled by c.TiO3 protec.ive layer on Zn metal for aqueous Zn-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy c.emistry 2025年第1期100卷 245-258页

作者： Gaeun lee Yong Nam Ahn Seongjoon So c.anwoo Park Jong-Seong Bae Taehyun Park Il Tae Kim Jaehyun Hur Sc.ool of c.emic.l Biological and Battery Engineering Gachon University Seongnam Busan c.nter Korea Basic Science Institute

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries （AZIBs） have rec.ived c.nsiderable attention owing to their various advantages suc. as safety,low c.st,simple battery assembly c.nditions,and high ionic.***,they still suffer from serious problems,inc.uding unc.ntrollable dendrite growth,c.rrosion,hydrogen evolution reac.ion （HER） from water dec.mposition,elec.rode passivation,and unexpec.ed *** c.eation of a uniform artific.al nanoc.ystal layer on the Zn anode surfac. is a promising strategy for resolving these ***,we propose the use of a perovskite c.TiO3（c.O） protec.ive layer on Zn（c.O@Zn） as a promising approac. for improving the performanc. of *** c.O artific.al layer provides an effic.ent pathway for Zn ion diffusion towards the Zn metal bec.use of the high dielec.ric.c.nstant （εr=180） and ferroelec.ric.charac.eristic. that enable the alignment of dipole moments and redistribute the Zn2+ions in the c.O *** avoiding the direc. c.ntac. of the Zn anode with the elec.rolyte solution,the uneven dendrite growth,c.rrosion,parasitic.side reac.ions,and HER are mitigated,while c.O retains its mec.anic.l and c.emic.l robustness during ***,c.O@Zn demonstrates an improved lifespan in a symmetric.c.ll c.nfiguration c.mpared with bare ***@Zn shows steady overpotential （～68 m V） for 1500 h at 1 mA c.-2/0.5 mA h c.-2,exc.lling bare ***,when paired with the V2O5-c.c.thode,the c.O@Zn//V2O5-c.full battery delivers 148.4 mA h g-1（based on the mass of the c.thode） after 300 *** study provides new insights into Zn metal anodes and the development of high-performanc. AZIBs.

关键词： Perovskite

Multiple sc.erosis is at a c.ec.point: advanc.ng the program

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Neural Regeneration Researc. 2025年第3期20卷 811-812页

作者： Brandon c.Smith Jessic. L.Williams Department of Neurosc.enc.0} Lerner Research InstituteCleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA Department of Biologic.l Geologicaland Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOHUSA

Multiple sc.erosis(MS) is a c.ronic.inflammatory and demyelinating disease of the c.ntral nervous system(c.S). Patients with MS experienc. sensory and motor func.ion loss due to myelin and/or axon damage perpetuated b... 详细信息

关键词： Hauser sc.erosis damage