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Two pathogenesis-related proteins interact with leucine-rich repeat proteins to promote Alternaria leaf spot resistance in apple

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2974-2984页

作者： Qiulei Zhang chaoran xu Haiyang Wei Wenqi Fan Tianzhong Li Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Alternaria leaf spot in apple(Malus x domestica),caused by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata ***(also called ***),is a devastating disease resulting in substantial economic *** previously established that the resistance(R)protein MdRNL2,containing a coiled-coil,nucleotide-binding,and leucine-rich repeat(CC R-NB-LRR)domain,interacts with another CC R-NB-LRR protein,MdRNL6,to form a MdRNL2–MdRNL6 complex that confers resistance to ***,to investigate the function of the MdRNL2–MdRNL6 complex,we identified two novel pathogenesis-related(PR)proteins,MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2,that interact with *** two-hybrid(Y2H)assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)assays confirmed that MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 interact with MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 at the leucine-rich repeat *** expression assays demonstrated that accumulation of MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 enhanced the resistance of apple to four strains of *** that we tested:ALT1,GBYB2,BXSB5,and *** vitro antifungal activity assays demonstrated that both the proteins contribute to Alternaria leaf spot resistance by inhibiting fungal *** data provide evidence for a novel regulatory mechanism in which MdRNL2 and MdRNL6 interact with MdPR10-1 and MdPR10-2 to inhibit fungal growth,thereby contributing to Alternaria leaf spot resistance in *** identification of these two novel PR proteins will facilitate breeding for fungal disease resistance in apple.

关键词： breeding fir resistance

Study on Wind Characteristics of Typhoon Muifa on the Sutong Bridge

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2013年第2期18卷 156-162页

作者： xu chaoran WANG Hao CHENG Huaiyu ZONG Zhouhong ZHANG Yufeng Key Laboratory of Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Structure of Ministry of Education Southeast University Jiangsu Transportation Research Institute Co. Ltd.

As a cable-stayed bridge with the longest main span, the Sutong Bridge faces the threat of typhoons every year. Based on field measured data measured at the top of the tower and at the mid-span by anemometers, Typhoon Muifa is analyzed in detail to obtain the wind characteristics, including the mean wind speed and direction, turbulence intensity and gust factor, power spectral density and integral scale of turbulence, etc. The correlated mean wind speeds at the two heights show the reliability of recorded wind data as well as the variation of wind speed with height. Turbulence inten- sities and gust factors fluctuate in a similar way. The values of inte- gral scales are sensitive in different case. The measured power spec- tra are particularly compared with Kaimal spectrum, Teunissen spectrum, Harris spectrum, and Davenport spectrum. The results show that the measured spectra cannot fit the code-suggested spectra very well, which exhibits the demand of more accurate spectra. Conclusions obtained in this article can provide references for wind resistance desima of suoer-long-soan cable-staved brides.

关键词： field measurement cable-stayed bridge TyphoonMuifa wind characteristics

Damage Curves Derived from Hurricane Ike in the West of Galveston Bay Based on Insurance Claims and Hydrodynamic Simulations

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第6期14卷 932-946页

作者： chaoran xu Benjamin T.Nelson-Mercer Jeremy D.Bricker Meri Davlasheridze Ashley D.Ross Jianjun Jia State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research School of Marine SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science Texas A&M University at GalvestonGalvestonTX 77553USA Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Delft University of Technology2628 CN DelftThe Netherlands

Hurricane Ike,which struck the United States in September 2008,was the ninth most expensive hurricane in terms of *** caused nearly USD 30 billion in damage after making landfall on the Bolivar Peninsula,*** used the Delft3dFM/SWAN hydrodynamic and spectral wave model to simulate the storm surge inundation around Galveston Bay during Hurricane *** curves were established through the relationship between eight hydrodynamic parameters(water depth,flow velocity,unit discharge,flow momentum flux,significant wave height,wave energy flux,total water depth(flow depth plus wave height),and total(flow plus wave)force)simulated by the model and National Flood Insurance Program(NFIP)insurance damage *** NFIP insurance database contains a large amount of building damage data,building stories,and elevation,as well as other information from the Ike *** found that the damage curves are sensitive to the model grid resolution,building elevation,and the number of *** also found that the resulting damage functions are steeper than those developed for residential structures in many other locations.

关键词： Delft3d-FM Flood risk Hurricane Ike Residential damage ratio SWAN Weibull function

A novel miRNA negatively regulates resistance to Glomerella leaf spot by suppressing expression of an NBS gene in apple

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Horticulture Research 2019年第1期6卷 604-614页

作者： Yi Zhang Qiulei Zhang Li Hao Shengnan Wang Shengyuan Wang Wenna Zhang chaoran xu Yunfei Yu Tianzhong Li Laboratory of Fruit Cell and Molecular Breeding China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China

Glomerella leaf spot(GLS)of apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.),caused by Glomerella cingulata,is an emerging fungal epidemic threatening the apple *** is known about the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this devastating *** this study,high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify microRNAs(miRNAs)involved in GLS resistance in *** focused on miRNAs that target genes related to disease and found that expression of a novel miRNA,Md-miRln20,was higher in susceptible apple varieties than in resistant ***,its target gene Md-TN1-GLS exhibited the opposite expression pattern,which suggested that the expression levels of Md-miRln20 and its target gene are closely related to apple resistance to ***,downregulation of MdmiRln20 in susceptible apple leaves resulted in upregulation of Md-TN1-GLS and reduced the disease ***,overexpression of Md-miRln20 in resistant apple leaves suppressed Md-TN1-GLS expression,with increased disease *** demonstrated that Md-miRln20 negatively regulates resistance to GLS by suppressing Md-TN1-GLS expression and showed,for the first time,a crucial role for miRNA in response to GLS in apple.

关键词： resistance negatively apple

Pharmacological Activation of RXR-a Promotes Hematoma Absorption via a PPAR-y-dependent Pathway After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2021年第10期37卷 1412-1426页

作者： chaoran xu Huaijun Chen Shengjun Zhou Chenjun Sun Xiaolong Xia Yucong Peng Jianfeng Zhuang Xiongjie Fu Hanhai Zeng Hang Zhou Yang Cao Qian Yu Yin Li Libin Hu Guoyang Zhou Feng Yan Gao Chen Jianru Li Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310052China

Endogenously eliminating the hematoma is a favorable strategy in addressing intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).This study sought to determine the role of retinoid X receptor-ot(RXR-a)in the context of hematoma absorption after *** results showed that pharmacologically activating RXR-a with bexarotene significantly accelerated hematoma clearance and alleviated neurological dysfunction after ***-ot was expressed in microglia/macro-phages,neurons,and ***,bexarotene promoted the nuclear translocation of RXR-a and PPAR-y,as well as reducing neuroinflammation by modulating microglia/macrophage reprograming from the Ml into the M2 ***,all the beneficial effects of RXR-a in ICH were reversed by the PPAR-y inhibitor *** conclusion,the pharmacological activation of RXR-a confers robust neuroprotection against ICH by accelerating hematoma clearance and repolarizing microglia/macrophages towards the M2 phenotype through PPAR-y-related *** data support the notion that RXR-ot might be a promising therapeutic target for ICH.

关键词： Intracerebral hemorrhage RXR-a PPAR-y Polarization Phagocytosis Neuroinflammation

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桥梁高墩抗震研究现状及展望

东南大学学报（自然科学版） 2013年第2期43卷 445-452页

作者：宗周红夏坚徐绰然东南大学土木工程学院南京210096 福州大学土木工程学院福州350108

在简要说明桥梁高墩柱抗震特点的基础上,比较了国内外桥梁抗震设计规范的异同.然后,结合3类高墩——混凝土箱型墩柱、钢箱墩柱和钢管混凝土组合墩柱,总结回顾了国内外桥梁墩柱拟静力试验、拟动力试验和地震模拟振动台试验研究以及基于... 详细信息

在简要说明桥梁高墩柱抗震特点的基础上,比较了国内外桥梁抗震设计规范的异同.然后,结合3类高墩——混凝土箱型墩柱、钢箱墩柱和钢管混凝土组合墩柱,总结回顾了国内外桥梁墩柱拟静力试验、拟动力试验和地震模拟振动台试验研究以及基于性能的抗震设计方法等方面的研究进展.最后,对桥梁高墩抗震有待进一步研究的问题和发展趋势进行了展望,可供大跨高墩桥梁抗震分析与设计以及桥梁墩柱抗震加固参考.

关键词：大跨度桥梁高墩抗震分析抗震试验基于性能的抗震设计

考虑风电统计特性挖掘的分布鲁棒优化调度方法

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电力系统自动化 2022年第2期46卷 33-42页

作者：徐超然徐潇源严正李恒杰电力传输与功率变换控制教育部重点实验室(上海交通大学) 上海市200240 兰州理工大学电气工程与信息工程学院甘肃省兰州市730050

提出一种基于数据驱动分布鲁棒优化的电力系统调度方法,以应对考虑风电不确定性的电力系统运行问题。首先,挖掘风电数据统计信息,提出了基于主成分分析与核密度估计的风电概率分布模糊集构建方法,刻画风电随机性以及不同风电机组出力之... 详细信息

提出一种基于数据驱动分布鲁棒优化的电力系统调度方法,以应对考虑风电不确定性的电力系统运行问题。首先,挖掘风电数据统计信息,提出了基于主成分分析与核密度估计的风电概率分布模糊集构建方法,刻画风电随机性以及不同风电机组出力之间的空间相关性;其次,针对含风电的调度问题,建立考虑概率分布模糊集的两阶段分布鲁棒优化问题;然后,将分布鲁棒优化问题变换为其等价可解形式,采用仿射策略以及对偶原理将其转化为线性规划问题进行求解,并且提出了基于样本外测试的概率分布模糊集范围参数选择策略,以保证调度方案的可靠性与经济性。采用6节点与IEEE 118节点系统进行仿真分析,并将所提出的分布鲁棒优化方法与不考虑随机变量相关性的分布鲁棒优化方法以及传统随机、鲁棒优化方法进行对比,以验证所提方法的有效性。

关键词：数据驱动分布鲁棒优化经济调度不确定性风电出力

Exploration of Gas-Dependent Self-Adaptive Reconstruction Behavior of Cu₂O for Electrochemical CO₂ Conversion to Multi-Carbon Products

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NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2025年第1期17卷 1-17页

作者： Zhang, chaoran Gu, Yichuan Jiang, Qu Sheng, Ziyang Feng, Ruohan Wang, Sihong Zhang, Haoyue xu, Qianqing Yuan, Zijian Song, Fang Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ Sch Mat Sci & Engn State Key Lab Met Matrix Composites Shanghai 200240 Peoples R China

Structural reconstruction of electrocatalysts plays a pivotal role in catalytic performances for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), whereas the behavior is by far superficially understood. Here, we report that CO2 accessibility results in a universal self-adaptive structural reconstruction from Cu2O to Cu@CuxO composites, ending with feeding gas-dependent microstructures and catalytic performances. The CO2-rich atmosphere favors reconstruction for CO2RR, whereas the CO2-deficient one prefers that for hydrogen evolution reaction. With the assistance of spectroscopic analysis and theoretical calculations, we uncover a CO2-induced passivation behavior by identifying a reduction-resistant but catalytic active Cu(I)-rich amorphous layer stabilized by *CO intermediates. Additionally, we find extra CO production is indispensable for the robust production of C2H4. An inverse correlation between durability and FECO/FEC2H4 is disclosed, suggesting that the self-stabilization process involving the absorption of *CO intermediates on Cu(I) sites is essential for durable electrolysis. Guided by this insight, we design hollow Cu2O nanospheres for durable and selective CO2RR electrolysis in producing C2H4. Our work recognizes the previously overlooked passivation reconstruction and self-stabilizing behavior and highlights the critical role of the local atmosphere in modulating reconstruction and catalytic processes.

关键词： CO2 reduction reaction Electrocatalysts Cu2O Reconstruction Self-adaptive electrocatalysis

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一种通用电子式互感器数字接口的研究与实现

高电压技术 2007年第1期33卷 119-122页

作者：朱大鹏张贵新许超然罗承沐曹津平清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系北京100084 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司北京100085

电子式电流/电压互感器(ETA/ETV)与继保设备的合并单元(MU)的数字接口一直没有明确的规范,为方便ETA/ETV与各厂家的MU接口,考察了国内电力设备二次厂家MU的数字输入输出格式后提出了一种通用的电子式互感器与MU的数字接口方法。该方法... 详细信息

电子式电流/电压互感器(ETA/ETV)与继保设备的合并单元(MU)的数字接口一直没有明确的规范,为方便ETA/ETV与各厂家的MU接口,考察了国内电力设备二次厂家MU的数字输入输出格式后提出了一种通用的电子式互感器与MU的数字接口方法。该方法采用复杂可编程逻辑器件(CPLD)作为核心处理器件,能够方便地实现各种数字输出的ETA/ETV与MU的接口。接口转换系统与四方公司MU的配合实验结果验证了接口方法和系统软硬件设计的正确性,可以运用在实际的一次互感器和二次设备接口的场合。

关键词：电子式电流/电压互感器合并单元(MU) 接口同步可编程逻辑器件循环冗余码