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Neurons in Primary Motor Cortex Encode Hand Orientation in a Reach-to-Grasp Task

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2017年第4期33卷 383-395页

作者： chaolin ma Xuan ma Jing Fan Jiping He Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering Arizona State UniversityTempeAZ 85287USA School of Automation Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Advanced Innovation Center for Intelligent Robots and Systems Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074China

It is disputed whether those neurons in the primary motor cortex（M1） that encode hand orientation constitute an independent channel for orientation control in reach-to-grasp behaviors. Here, we trained two monkeys to reach forward and grasp objects positioned in the frontal plane at different orientation angles, and simultaneously recorded the activity of M1 neurons. Among the 2235 neurons recorded in M1, we found that 18.7% had a high correlation exclusively with hand orientation, 15.9% with movement direction, and 29.5% with both movement direction and hand orientation. The distributions of neurons encoding hand orientation and those encoding movement direction were not uniform but coexisted in the same region. The trajectory of hand rotation was reproduced by the firing patterns of the orientation-related neurons independent of the hand reaching direction. These resultssuggest that hand orientation is an independent component for the control of reaching and grasping activity.

关键词： Primary motor cortex Single neuron recording Hand orientation Non-human primate

新中国成立以来我国能源安全观及能源安全政策的历史演进

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湖北社会科学 2023年第2期 76-82页

作者：马超林北京化工大学马克思主义学院北京100029

新中国成立以来,我国能源安全观经历了从“自给自足”到“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略的转变,能源安全政策也呈现出相应的阶段性特征:从新中国成立初期“恢复重建能源工业”的保障政策到充分利用国内外资源,通过“走出去”战略... 详细信息

新中国成立以来,我国能源安全观经历了从“自给自足”到“四个革命、一个合作”能源安全新战略的转变,能源安全政策也呈现出相应的阶段性特征:从新中国成立初期“恢复重建能源工业”的保障政策到充分利用国内外资源,通过“走出去”战略实施能源安全“双保障”政策;从“开源”与“节流”并重的综合性保障机制到积极关注“提能增效”“保护生态”的安全保障新策略,再到如今构建清洁低碳、安全高效的能源保障体系,我国能源安全策略始终立足于国内的能源资源禀赋和国内外形势不断调整和完善,为维护总体国家安全,实现能源、经济与环境之间的平衡与协调做出了重要贡献。

关键词：能源安全观能源安全政策总体国家安全观

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Antidiabetic effect of an engineered bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1 in monkey model

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2021年第4期6卷 272-282页

作者： Jie Luo Hongfei Zhang Jiachen Lu chaolin ma Tingtao Chen School of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China Institute of Life Sciences Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China School of Queen mary Nanchang UniversityNanchang330031China National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies Institute of Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalNanchang University1299 Xuefu RoadHonggu DistrictNanchang330031PR China

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia,but its short half-life inhibits clinical *** aim of the current study was to evaluate the treatment efforts of an engineered strain,Lactobacillus plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1(***-pMG36e-GLP-1),that continuously expresses GLP-1 in spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)*** 7 weeks of oral supplementation with ***-pMG36e-GLP-1,the fasting blood glucose(FPG)of monkeys was significantly(pmal level and only a small amount of weight was *** results of metagenomic sequencing showed that ***-pMG36e-GLP-1 caused a substantial(pmarked enhancement of butyrate-producing Alistipes *** to the functional analysis using Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways,19 metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched in T2DM monkeys after treatment with ***-MS faecal metabolomics analysis found 41 significant differential metabolites(11 higher and 30 lower)in monkeys after treatment pathways linked to the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins were the most *** present study suggests that ***-pMG36e-GLP-1 had an impact on the gut microbial composition and faecal metabolomic profile in spontaneous T2DM monkeys and may be a novel candidate for diabetes treatment.

关键词： L.plantarum-pMG36e-GLP-1 T2DM Gut microbiome Faecal metabolomics

基于图论算法的脊髓损伤后大脑皮层运动区神经元网络分析

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科技导报 2012年第12期30卷 26-31页

作者：霍炎栗苹 chaolin ma Hang ZHANG Jiping HE 北京理工大学机电学院北京100081 亚利桑那州立大学神经接口设计中心美国坦普85281

脊髓损伤(SCI)后大脑皮层运动区神经元的功能重组对机体功能康复的影响仍然不为人知。脊髓损伤前后,对一只在跑步机上直立行走的恒河猴的大脑皮层运动区神经元信号进行记录,利用不同神经元动作电位序列间的相关系数建立神经元网络图。... 详细信息

脊髓损伤(SCI)后大脑皮层运动区神经元的功能重组对机体功能康复的影响仍然不为人知。脊髓损伤前后,对一只在跑步机上直立行走的恒河猴的大脑皮层运动区神经元信号进行记录,利用不同神经元动作电位序列间的相关系数建立神经元网络图。为了研究神经元活动模式的变化与功能康复之间的联系,利用图论算法计算了神经元网络图的全局效能指标和神经元脆弱性指标。结果显示,不同时期神经元活动模式的显著变化意味着运动区神经元的功能重组(神经可塑性)与脊髓损伤后猴子的功能康复状态紧密相关,且这种神经功能重组对于猴子步行功能的康复起了非常重要的积极作用。

关键词：脊髓损伤大脑皮层运动区神经元网络图功能重组

Uniform decomposition of velocity gradient tensor

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 24-34页

作者： Chenxi ma Chaoqun Liu Department of mathematics University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTXUSA

In this paper,the principal decomposition of the velocity gradient tensor[∇v]is discussed in 3 cases based on the discriminant∆:∆0 with 3 distinct real eigen values,and∆=0 with 1 or 2 distinct real eigen *** velocity gradient tensor can also be classified as rotation point,which can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,rotation[R],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC],and non-rotation point,we defined a new resistance term[L],and the tensor can be decomposed into three parts,i.e.,resistance[L],shear[S]and stretching/compression[SC].Example matric are also displayed to demonstrate the new *** of principal decomposition between 3 different cases,and between Resistance and Liutex will also be discussed.

关键词： Velocity gradient Liutex resistance fluid kinematics

VOC emitted by biopharmaceutical industries:Source profiles,health risks,and secondary pollution

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第1期135卷 570-584页

作者： Jiawei ma Lin Li State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control material&Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 101408China

The biopharmaceutical industry contributes substantially to volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emissions,causing growing concerns and social developmental *** study conducted an on-site investigation of the process-based emission of VOCs from three biopharmaceutical *** the workshops of the three enterprises,26 VOCs were detected,which could be sorted into 4 classes:hydrocarbons,aromatic hydrocarbons,oxygen-containing compounds,and nitrogen-containing *** were the main components of waste gases,accounting for 44.13%-77.85%of the overall ***-based source profiles were compiled for each process unit,with the fermentation and extraction units of tiamulin fumarate being the main source of VOC *** heptanone,vinyl acetate,diethylamine,propylene glycol methyl ether(PGME),and benzene were screened as priority pollutants through a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation *** level concentration simulation results of the Gauss plume diffusion model demonstrated that the diffusivity of VOCs in the atmosphere was relatively high,indicating potential non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks 1.5-2 km ***,the process-based formation potentials of ozone and secondary organic aerosols(SOAs)were determined and indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,dimethyl heptanone,and PGME should be preferentially controlled to reduce the ozone formation potential,whereas the control of benzene and chlorobenzene should be prioritized to reduce the generation of *** results provide a basis for understanding the characteristics of VOC emission by biopharmaceutical industries and their diffusion,potentially allowing the development of measures to reduce health risks and secondary pollution.

关键词： Biopharmaceutical Volatile organic compound Priority pollutant Exposure risk Secondary pollution

双光子钙成像技术在非人灵长类动物大脑皮层神经元功能的研究现状

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中国实验动物学报 2022年第7期30卷 949-954页

作者：孙伟铭刘观秀董香丽冯珍马朝林南昌大学生命科学学院南昌330031 南昌大学生命科学研究院南昌330031 南昌大学第一附属医院康复医学科南昌330006 南昌大学第一临床医学院南昌330031 南昌大学第二附属医院心身医学科南昌330006

钙离子是生物体神经系统中重要的信使,可产生多种细胞信号,对神经元兴奋性的调控起着关键作用;钙离子在明确的细胞亚区发挥着高度特异性功能。钙信号间接反映神经元的活性,检测神经元钙信号对研究大脑皮层功能尤为重要。双光子钙成像技... 详细信息

钙离子是生物体神经系统中重要的信使,可产生多种细胞信号,对神经元兴奋性的调控起着关键作用;钙离子在明确的细胞亚区发挥着高度特异性功能。钙信号间接反映神经元的活性,检测神经元钙信号对研究大脑皮层功能尤为重要。双光子钙成像技术对检测大脑皮层中的钙信号有独特的优势,可在体以单细胞分辨率实时观测皮层神经元的活动。研究非人灵长类动物的大脑皮层对提高人类神经系统的高级认知、精神疾病的治疗及推动康复医学的发展有重大意义。本文综述了双光子钙成像技术在非人灵长类动物皮质功能研究中的应用。

关键词：双光子钙成像技术非人灵长类动物大脑皮层神经生物学

A review of recent advances in the effects of surface and interface properties on marine propellers

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Friction 2024年第2期12卷 185-214页

作者： manfu ZHU Liran ma State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

marine propellers are important propulsion devices for both surface ships and underwater *** severe environmental problems have required further performance enhancement for ***,traditional methods to improve propeller performances through geometrical and structural optimizations have been extensively investigated,while the underlying mechanisms of the effects of surface and interface properties on marine propellers are still far from being fully *** paper presented a comprehensive review of recent advances in the effects of surface and interface properties,such as surface roughness and surface wettability,on marine propellers with an emphasis on the significant improvements in both hydrodynamic and cavitation performances,hoping to arouse more in-depth investigations in the field of surface/interface science and technologies on marine propellers,and also promote the state-of-the-art technologies,such as superlubricity technology,into practical applications.

关键词： marine propellers hydrodynamics cavitation surface roughness surface wettability

Copper slag assisted coke reduction of phosphogypsum for sulphur dioxide preparation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第1期65卷 43-53页

作者： Dong ma Qinhui Wang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Institute for Thermal Power EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

The reduction of phosphogypsum(PG)to lime slag and SO_(2)using coke can effectively alleviate the environmental problems caused by ***,the PG decomposition temperature remains high and the product yield remains *** adding additives,the decomposition temperature can be further reduced and PG decomposition rate and product yield can be ***,the use of current additives such as Fe_(2)O_(3)and SiO_(2)brings the problem of increasing economic ***,it is proposed to use solid waste copper slag(CS)as a new additive to reduce PG to prepare SO2,which can reduce the cost and meet the environmental benefits at the same *** effects of proportion,temperature and thermostatic time on PG decomposition are investigated by experimental and kinetic analysis combined with FactSage thermodynamic calculations to optimize the roasting ***,the reaction mechanism is *** is found that adding CS to the coke and PG system can increase the rate of PG decomposition and SO_(2)yield while lowering the PG decomposition *** example,when the CS/PG mass ratio increases from 0 to 1,PG decomposition rate increases from 83.38%to 99.35%,SO_(2)yield increases from 78.62%to 96.81%,and PG decomposition temperature decreases from 992.4℃to 949.6℃.The optimal reaction parameters are CS/PG mass ratio of 1,Coke/PG mass ratio of 0.06 at 1100℃for 20 min with 99.35%PG decomposition rate and 96.81%SO_(2) *** process proceeds according to the following reactions:2CaSO_(4)+ 0.7C + 0.8Fe_(2)SiO_(4)→0.8Ca_(2)SiO_(4)+ 0.2Ca_(2)Fe_(2)O_(5)+ 0.4Fe_(3)O_(4)+2SO_(2)+ 0.7CO_(2)Finally,a process for decomposing PG with coke and CS is proposed.

关键词： Phosphogypsum Sulfur dioxide Copper slag Fluidized-bed Reduction Waste treatment