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Reconstructing early transmission networks of SARS-CoV-2 using a genomic mutation model

Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 494-504页

作者： chao-yuan cheng Zhi-Bin Zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has greatly damaged human society,but the origins and early transmission patterns of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)pathogen remain unclear.Here,we reconstructed the transmission networks of SARS-CoV-2 during the first three and six months since its first report based on ancestor-offspring relationships using BANAL-52-referenced mutations.We explored the position(i.e.,root,middle,or tip)of early detected samples in the evolutionary tree of SARS-CoV-2.In total,6799 transmission chains and 1766 transmission networks were reconstructed,with chain lengths ranging from 1-9 nodes.The root node samples of the 1766 transmission networks were from 58 countries or regions and showed no common ancestor,indicating the occurrence of many independent or parallel transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 when first detected(i.e.,all samples were located at the tip position of the evolutionary tree).No root node sample was found in any sample(n=31,all from the Chinese mainland)collected in the first 15 days from 24 December 2019.Results using six-month data or RaTG13-referenced mutation data were similar.The reconstruction method was verified using a simulation approach.Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have already been spreading independently worldwide before the outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan,China.Thus,a comprehensive global survey of human and animal samples is essential to explore the origins of SARS-CoV-2 and its natural reservoirs and hosts.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Transmission chain Transmission network Ancestor-offspring relationship De novo mutation Back mutation Secondary mutation

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Optimized tillage methods increase mechanically transplanted rice yield and reduce the greenhouse gas emissions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第4期23卷 1150-1163页

作者： Shuang cheng Zhipeng Xing chao Tian Mengzhu Liu yuan Feng Hongcheng Zhang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

Biaxia lrotary tillage in dryland(DBRT)can complete biaxial rotary tillage with straw incorporation,secondary suppression,and ditching,and it has been previously studied in direct-seeded rice and wheat.However,the effects of DBRT on the mechanically transplanted rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions remain unclear.To evaluate the effects of DBRT on improving the food security of mechanically transplanted rice and reducing the greenhouse gas emissions,we conducted an experiment for two years with wheat straw incorporation.Three tillage methods were set up:DBRT,uniaxial rotary tillage in dryland and paddy(DPURT),and uniaxial rotary tillage in paddy(PURT).The results showed that compared with DPURT and PURT,DBRT increased the yield of machine-transplanted rice by 7.5-11.0%and 13.3-26.7%,respectively,while the seasonal cumulative CH_(4) emissions were reduced by 13.9-21.2%and 30.2-37.0%,respectively,and the seasonal cumulative N_(2)O emissions were increased by 13.5-28.6%and 50.0-73.1%,respectively.Consequently,DBRT reduced the global warming potential by 10.7-15.5%and 23.7-28.6%,respectively,andtheyield-scaledglobalwarmingpotentialby18.2-21.8%and36.4-39.3%,respectively,compared to DPURT and PURT.These results were mainly related to the fact that DBRT significantly reduced soil bulk density and increased soil redox potential(Eh).Therefore,implementing DBRT in machine-transplanted rice fields is feasible,which cannot only increase the rice yield,but also reduce the greenhouse gas emissions.

关键词： integrated tillage rice grain yield CH_(4) N_(2)O

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Multimorbidity and mortality among older patients with coronary heart disease in Shenzhen,China

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2024年第1期21卷 81-89页

作者： Fu-Rong LI Shuang WANG Xia LI Zhi-yuan cheng cheng JIN Chun-Bao MO Jing ZHENG Feng-chao LIANG Dong-Feng GU Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Health and Precision Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina School of Public Health and Emergency Management Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina Shenzhen Health Development Research and Data Management Center ShenzhenChina School of Medicine Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdongChina

BACKGROUND The current understanding of the magnitude and consequences of multimorbidity in Chinese older adults with coronary heart disease(CHD)is insufficient.We aimed to assess the association and population-attributable fractions(PAFs)between multimorbidity and mortality among hospitalized older patients who were diagnosed with CHD in Shenzhen,China.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of older Chinese patients(aged≥65 years)who were diagnosed with CHD.Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the associations between multimorbidity and all-cause and cardiovascular disease(CVD)mortality.We also calculated the PAFs.RESULTS The study comprised 76,455 older hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with CHD between January 1,2016,and August 31,2022.Among them,70,217(91.9%)had multimorbidity,defined as the presence of at least one of the predefined 14 chronic conditions.Those with cancer,hemorrhagic stroke and chronic liver disease had the worst overall death risk,with adjusted HRs(95%CIs)of 4.05(3.77,4.38),2.22(1.94,2.53),and 1.85(1.63,2.11),respectively.For CVD mortality,the highest risk was observed for hemorrhagic stroke,ischemic stroke,and chronic kidney disease;the corresponding adjusted HRs(95%CIs)were 3.24(2.77,3.79),1.91(1.79,2.04),and 1.81(1.64,1.99),respectively.All-cause mortality was mostly attributable to cancer,heart failure and ischemic stroke,with PAFs of 11.8,10.2,and 9.1,respectively.As for CVD mortality,the leading PAFs were heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes;the corresponding PAFs were 18.0,15.7,and 6.1,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Multimorbidity was common and had a significant impact on mortality among older patients with CHD in Shenzhen,China.Cancer,heart failure,ischemic stroke and diabetes are the primary contributors to PAFs.Therefore,prioritizing improved treatment and management of these comorbidities is essential for the survival prognosis of CHD patients from a holistic public health perspective.

关键词： patients morbidity mortality

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Current status of early gastric cancer screening research

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Cancer Biology & Medicine 2024年第3期21卷 218-222页

作者： Can Hu Li yuan Xiangdong cheng Department of Gastric surgery Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou Institute of Medicine(HIM)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhouZhejiang 310022China Key Laboratory of Prevention Diagnosis and Therapy of Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhou 310022China Zhejiang Provincial Research Center for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Zhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhou 310022China

Gastric cancer is a predominant threat to the health and well-being of China's residents. Data from the World Health Organization(WHO) in 2020 revealed that gastric cancer in China notably accounted for 44.0% of new c... 详细信息

关键词： cancer Gastric gastric

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Simultaneously achieving high energy density and responsivity in submicron BaTiO_(3) film capacitors integrated on Si

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2024年第2期13卷 198-206页

作者： Jun Ouyang Yinxiu Xue Chuanqi Song Meiling yuan Kun Wang Yuyao Zhao Hongbo cheng Hanfei Zhu chao Liu Institute of Advanced Energy Materials and Chemistry School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringQilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250353China Key Laboratory of Key Film Materials&Application for Equipment School of Material Sciences and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtan 411105China School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China Academic Affairs Office Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China China Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co. Ltd.Jinan 250014China

In the research field of energy storage dielectrics,the“responsivity”parameter,defined as the recyclable/recoverable energy density per unit electric field,has become critically important for a comprehensive evaluation of the energy storage capability of a dielectric.In this work,high recyclable energy density and responsivity,i.e.,W_(rec)=161.1 J·cm^(-3) and ξ=373.8 J·(kV·m^(2))^(-1),have been simultaneously achieved in a prototype perovskite dielectric,BaTiO_(3),which is integrated on Si at 500℃ in the form of a submicron thick film.This ferroelectric film features a multi-scale polar structure consisting of ferroelectric grains with different orientations and inner-grain ferroelastic domains.A LaNiO_(3) buffer layer is used to induce a{001}textured,columnar nanograin microstructure,while an elevated deposition temperature promotes lateral growth of the nanograins(in-plane diameter increases from~10-20 nm at lower temperatures to~30 nm).These preferably oriented and periodically regulated nanograins have resulted in a small remnant polarization and a delayed polarization saturation in the film’s P-E behavior,leading to a high recyclable energy density.Meanwhile,an improved polarizability/dielectric constant of the BaTiO_(3) film has produced a much larger maximum polarization than those deposited at lower temperatures at the same electric field,leading to a record-breaking responsivity for this simple perovskite.

关键词： energy storage energy density responsivity BaTiO_(3) dielectric capacitor Si

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Photonic neuromorphic architecture for tens-of-task lifelong learning

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 519-530页

作者： yuan cheng Jianing Zhang Tiankuang Zhou Yuyan Wang Zhihao Xu Xiaoyun yuan Lu Fang Sigma Laboratory Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(BNRist) Beijing 100084China Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science Tsinghua University(THUIBCS)Beijing 100084China

Scalable,high-capacity,and low-power computing architecture is the primary assurance for increasingly manifold and large-scale machine learning tasks.Traditional electronic artificial agents by conventional power-hungry processors have faced the issues of energy and scaling walls,hindering them from the sustainable performance improvement and iterative multi-task learning.Referring to another modality of light,photonic computing has been progressively applied in high-efficient neuromorphic systems.Here,we innovate a reconfigurable lifelong-learning optical neural network(L2 ONN),for highly-integrated tens-of-task machine intelligence with elaborated algorithm-hardware codesign.Benefiting from the inherent sparsity and parallelism in massive photonic connections,L2 ONN learns each single task by adaptively activating sparse photonic neuron connections in the coherent light field,while incrementally acquiring expertise on various tasks by gradually enlarging the activation.The multi-task optical features are parallelly processed by multi-spectrum representations allocated with different wavelengths.Extensive evaluations on freespace and on-chip architectures confirm that for the first time,L2 ONN avoided the catastrophic forgetting issue of photonic computing,owning versatile skills on challenging tens-of-tasks(vision classification,voice recognition,medical diagnosis,etc.)with a single model.Particularly,L2 ONN achieves more than an order of magnitude higher efficiency than the representative electronic artificial neural networks,and 14×larger capacity than existing optical neural networks while maintaining competitive performance on each individual task.The proposed photonic neuromorphic architecture points out a new form of lifelong learning scheme,permitting terminal/edge AI systems with light-speed efficiency and unprecedented scalability.

关键词： life neural versatile

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Oxygen reduction electrocatalysis:From conventional to single-atomic platinum-based catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第2期18卷 206-222页

作者： cheng yuan Shiming ZHANG Jiujun ZHANG Institute for Sustainable Energy/College of Sciences Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China

Platinum(Pt)-based materials are still the most efficient and practical catalysts to drive the sluggish kinetics of cathodic oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)in proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).However,their catalysis and stability performance still need to be further improved in terms of corrosion of both carbon support and Pt catalyst particles as well as Pt loading reduction.Based on the developed synthetic strategies of alloying/nanostructuring Pt particles and modifying/innovating supports in developing conventional Pt-based catalysts,Pt single-atom catalysts(Pt SACs)as the recently burgeoning hot materials with a potential to achieve the maximum utilization of Pt are comprehensively reviewed in this paper.The design thoughts and synthesis of various isolated,alloyed,and nanoparticlecontained Pt SACs are summarized.The single-atomic Pt coordinating with non-metals and alloying with metals as well as the metal-support interactions of Pt single-atoms with carbon/non-carbon supports are emphasized in terms of the ORR activity and stability of the catalysts.To advance further research and development of Pt SACs for viable implementation in PEMFCs,various technical challenges and several potential research directions are outlined.

关键词： oxygen reduction electrocatalysis Pt singleatom catalysts conventional Pt-based catalysts design thoughts and synthesis metal-support interactions

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ZNF554 Inhibits Endometrial Cancer Progression via Regulating RBM5 and Inactivating WNT/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway

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Current Medical Science 2024年第2期44卷 406-418页

作者： cheng-cheng ZHU Heng-liang SUN Teng-fei LONG yuan-yuan LYU Jiang-li LIU Guan-tai NI Anhui Medical University Hefei 230032China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Afiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhu 241001China

Objective:Uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma(UCEC),a kind of gynecologic malignancy,poses a significant risk to women’s health.The precise mechanism underlying the development of UCEC remains elusive.Zinc finger protein 554(ZNF554),a member of the Krüppel-associated box domain zinc finger protein superfamily,was reported to be dysregulated in various illnesses,including malignant tumors.This study aimed to examine the involvement of ZNF554 in the development of UCEC.Methods:The expression of ZNF554 in UCEC tissues and cell lines were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay.Cells with stably overexpressed or knocked-down ZNF554 were established through lentivirus infection.CCK-8,wound healing,and Transwell invasion assays were employed to assess cell proliferation,migration,and invasion.Propidium iodide(PI)staining combined with fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS)flow cytometer was utilized to detect cell cycle distribution.qRT-PCR and Western blotting were conducted to examine relative mRNA and protein levels.Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay and luciferase reporter assay were used to explore the regulatory role of ZNF554 in RNA binding motif 5(RBM5).Results:The expression of ZNF554 was found to be reduced in both UCEC samples and cell lines.Decreased expression of ZNF554 was associated with higher tumor stage,decreased overall survival,and reduced disease-free survival in UCEC.ZNF554 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation,migration,and invasion,while also inducing cell cycle arrest.In contrast,a decrease in ZNF554 expression resulted in the opposite effect.Mechanistically,ZNF554 transcriptionally regulated RBM5,leading to the deactivation of the Wingless(WNT)/β-catenin signaling pathway.Moreover,the findings from rescue studies demonstrated that the inhibition of RBM5 negated the impact of ZNF554 overexpression onβ-catenin and p-glycogen synthase kinase-3β(p-GSK-3β).Similarly,the deliberate activation of RBM5 reduced the increase inβ-catenin and p-GSK-3βcaused by the suppression of ZNF554.In v

关键词： zinc finger protein 554 endometrial carcinoma RNA binding motif 5 Wingless/β-catenin signaling pathway

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Emergent symmetry in quantum phase transition:From deconfined quantum critical point to gapless quantum spin liquid

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Science Bulletin 2024年第2期69卷 190-196页

作者： Wen-yuan Liu Shou-Shu Gong Wei-Qiang Chen Zheng-cheng Gu Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of TechnologyPasadena CA 91125USA School of Physical Sciences Great Bay UniversityDongguan 523000China Great Bay Institute for Advanced Study Dongguan 523000China Department of Physics and Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Quantum Functional Materials and Devices Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China

The emergence of exotic quantum phenomena in frustrated magnets is rapidly driving the development of quantum many-body physics,raising fundamental questions on the nature of quantum phase transitions.Here we unveil the behaviour of emergent symmetry involving two extraordinarily representative phenomena,i.e.,the deconfined quantum critical point(DQCP)and the quantum spin liquid(QSL)state.Via large-scale tensor network simulations,we study a spatially anisotropic spin-1/2 square-lattice frustrated antiferromagnetic(AFM)model,namely the J1x-J1y-J2 model,which contains anisotropic nearestneighbor couplings J1x,J1y and the next nearest neighbor coupling J2.For small J1y/J1x,by tuning J2,a direct continuous transition between the AFM and valence bond solid phase is observed.With growing J1y/J1x,a gapless QSL phase gradually emerges between the AFM and VBS phases.We observe an emergent O(4)symmetry along the AFM–VBS transition line,which is consistent with the prediction of DQCP theory.Most surprisingly,we find that such an emergent O(4)symmetry holds for the whole QSL–VBS transition line as well.These findings reveal the intrinsic relationship between the QSL and DQCP from categorical symmetry point of view,and strongly constrain the quantum field theory description of the QSL phase.The phase diagram and critical exponents presented in this paper are of direct relevance to future experiments on frustrated magnets and cold atom systems.

关键词： Tensor network Quantum phase transition Emergent symmetry Quantum spin liquid Deconfined quantum critical point Anisotropic

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Resilience-oriented Transmission Expansion Planning with Optimal Transmission Switching Under Typhoon Weather

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CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第1期10卷 129-138页

作者： Yang yuan Heng Zhang Haozhong cheng Zheng Wang Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion Ministry of EducationElectrical Engineering DepartmentShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina State Grid East China Branch ShanghaiChina

This paper presents resilience-oriented transmission expansion planning(RTEP)with optimal transmission switching(OTS)model under typhoon weather.The proposed model carefully considers the uncertainty of component vulnerability by constructing a typhoon-related box uncertainty set where component failure rate varies within a range closely related with typhoon intensity.Accordingly,a min-max-min model is developed to enhance transmission network resilience,where the upper level minimizes transmission lines investment,the middle level searches for the probability distribution of failure status leading to max worst-case expected load-shedding(WCEL)under typhoon,and the lower level optimizes WCEL by economic dispatch(ED)and OTS.A nested decomposition algorithm based on benders decomposition is developed to solve the model.Case studies of modified IEEE 30-bus and 261-bus system of a Chinese region illustrate that:a)the proposed RTEP method can enhance resilience of transmission network with less investment than widely used RTEP method based on attacker and defender(DAD)model,b)the influence of OTS on RTEP is closely related with contingency severity and system scale and c)the RTEP model can be efficiently solved even in a large-scale system.

关键词： Decomposition algorithm optimal transmission switching resilience transmission expansion planning uncertainty vulnerability

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