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Recovery of Li, Ni, Co and Mn from spent lithium-ion batteries assisted by organic acids: Process optimization and leaching mechanism

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第3期31卷 518-530页

作者： Liuyi Ren Bo Liu Shenxu Bao Wei Ding Yimin Zhang Xiaochuan Hou chao lin Bo Chen School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Mineral Metallurgical Resources Utilization and Pollution Control Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081China Zhejiang New Era Zhongneng Recycling Technology Co. LtdShaoxing 312000China Shenzhen Water Planning&Design Institute Co. LtdShenzhen 518000China

The proper recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)can promote the recovery and utilization of valuable resources,while also negative environmental effects resulting from the presence of toxic and hazardous substances.In this study,a new environmentally friendly hydro-metallurgical process was proposed for leaching lithium(Li),nickel(Ni),cobalt(Co),and manganese(Mn)from spent LIBs using sulfuric acid with citric acid as a reductant.The effects of the concentration of sulfuric acid,the leaching temperature,the leaching time,the solid-liquid ratio,and the reducing agent dosage on the leaching behavior of the above elements were investigated.Key parameters were optimized using response surface methodology(RSM)to maximize the recovery of metals from spent LIBs.The maxim-um recovery efficiencies of Li,Ni,Co,and Mn can reach 99.08%,98.76%,98.33%,and 97.63%.under the optimized conditions(the sulfuric acid concentration was 1.16 mol/L,the citric acid dosage was 15wt%,the solid-liquid ratio was 40 g/L,and the temperature was 83℃ for 120 min),respectively.It was found that in the collaborative leaching process of sulfuric acid and citric acid,the citric acid initially provided strong reducing CO_(2)^(-),and the transition metal ions in the high state underwent a reduction reaction to produce transition metal ions in the low state.Additionally,citric acid can also act as a proton donor and chelate with lower-priced transition metal ions,thus speeding up the dissolution process.

关键词： spent lithium-ion batteries leaching response surface methodology sulfuric acid citric acid

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CFD simulation of pumping ventilation in a three-story isolated building with internal partitioning:Effects of partition widths,heights and locations

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 267-284页

作者： Huai-Yu Zhong Jie Sun chao lin Song-Heng Wu Jin Shang Hideki Kikumoto Fu-Ping Qian Carlos Jimenez-Bescos Fu-Yun Zhao School of Energy and Environment Anhui University of TechnologyMa-An-ShanAnhui Province243002China State Key Laboratory of Green Building in Western China Xi’an University of Architecture&TechnologyXi’anShaanxi ProvinceChina School of Power and Mechanical Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei Province430072China Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo4-6-1 KomabaMeguro-kuTokyo153-8505Japan School of Built and Natural Environment University of DerbyDerbyUK

Pumping ventilation(PV),a special single-sided ventilation(SSV),has been certified as an effective strategy to improve the air exchange rate of SSV.However,most studies targeted on the single space,and few studies have been focused on the effect of internal partitioning on PV.This paper aims to evaluate the ventilation performance of PV influenced by different configurations of internal partitioning.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation was used to predict the flow fields and ventilation rates.The width(w/H),height(h/H)and location(d/H)are the three main internal partition parameters considered in this study.The simulation results showed that the total,mean and fluctuating ventilation rates all decrease with wider internal partitions.The normalized total ventilation rate decreases by 7.6%when w/H is increased from 50%to 75%.However,the reduction rate is only 0.23%between w/H=0 and 25%,and only 0.61%between w/H=25%and 50%.The ventilation rate is hardly reduced by increasing the partition width when w/H50%.Increasing the partition height will reduce the mean ventilation rate but promote the fluctuating and total ventilation rate in some cases.An increase of total ventilation rate by 1.4%is observed from h/H=50%to 75%.The ventilation rate is larger when the internal partition is attached to the leeward or windward wall.The total,mean and fluctuating ventilation rates for d/H=50%are relatively higher than d/H=0 by 1.5%,3.1%and 0.8%,respectively.Hence the internal partition should be mounted attached to the windward wall so as to obtain the greatest pumping ventilation rate.The periodicity of pumping flow oscillation and pumping frequency are independent of the partition configurations.The peak power of pumping flow is the lowest for the widest internal partition and is negatively affected by the partition height,but it generally has a positive correlation with the distance between the partition and leeward wall.Present research will help to understand pump

关键词： pumping ventilation single-sided ventilation internal partitioning periodic oscillation ventilation rate

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Unraveling the hydraulic properties of loess for landslide prediction:A study on variations in loess landslides in Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,China

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China Geology 2024年第2期7卷 291-302页

作者： Gao-chao lin Wei Liu Xing Su School of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia Institute of Transportation Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhot 010070China Institute of Geological Hazards Prevention Gansu Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China

Loess has distinctive characteristics,leading to frequent landslide disasters and posing serious threats to the lives and properties of local re sidents.The involvement of water repre sents a critical factor in inducing loess landslides.This study focuses on three neighboring cities sequentially situated on the Loess Plateau along the direction of aeolian deposition of loess,namely Lanzhou,Dingxi,and Tianshui,which are densely populated and prone to landslide disasters.The variations in hydraulic properties,including water retention capacity and permeability,are investigated through Soil Water Characteristic Curve(SWCC)test and hydraulic conductivity test.The experimental findings revealed that Tianshui loess exhibited the highest water retention capacity,followed by Dingxi loess,while Lanzhou loess demonstrated the lowest water retention capacity.Contrastingly,the results for the saturated permeability coefficient were found to be the opposite:Tianshui loess showed the lowest permeability,whereas Lanzhou loess displayed the highest permeability.These results are supported and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation.In addition,the water retention capacity is mathematically expressed using the van Genuchten model and extended to predict unsaturated hydraulic properties of loess.The experimental results exhibit a strong accordance with one another and align with the regional distribution patterns of disasters.

关键词： Loess Landslide Hydraulic properties Water retention capacity and permeability Soil Water Characteristic Curve(SWCC) Hydraulic conductivity Van Genuchten model Hydrogeological engineering Geological hazards prevention engineering

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Double Mutational Salp Swarm Algorithm:From Optimal Performance Design to Analysis

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第1期20卷 184-211页

作者： chao lin Pengjun Wang Xuehua Zhao Huiling Chen College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China School of Digital Media Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen518172China

The Salp Swarm Algorithm(SSA)is a population-based Meta-heuristic Algorithm(MA)that simulates the behavior of a group of salps foraging in the ocean.Although the basic SSA has stable exploration capability and convergence speed,it still can fall into local optimum when solving complex optimization problems,which may be due to low utilization of population information and unbalanced exploration-to-exploitation ratio.Therefore,this study proposes a Double Mutation Salp Swarm Algorithm(DMSSA).In this study,a Cuckoo Mutation Strategy(CMS)and an Adaptive DE Mutation Strategy(ADMS)are introduced into the structure of the original SSA.The former mutation strategy is summarized as three basic operations:judgment,shuffling,and mutation.The purpose is to fully consider the information among search agents and use the differences between different search agents to participate in the update of positions,making the optimization process both diverse in exploration and minor in randomness.The latter strategy employs three basic operations:selection,mutation,and adaptation.As the follower part,some individuals do not blindly adopt the original follow method.Instead,the global optimal position and differences are considered,and the variation factor is adjusted adaptively,allowing the new algorithm to balance exploration,exploitation,and convergence efficiency.To evaluate the performance of DMSSA,comparisons are made with numerous algorithms on 30 IEEE CEC2014 benchmark functions.The statistical results confirm the better performance and significant difference of DMSSA in solving benchmark function tests.Finally,the applicability and scalability of DMSSA to optimization problems with constraints are further confirmed in three experiments on classical engineering design optimization problems.The source code of the proposed algorithm will be available at:https://***/ncjsq/Double-Mutational-Salp-Swarm-Algorithm.

关键词： Salp swarm algorithm Meta-heuristic algorithm Global optimization-Exploration Exploitation Bionic

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Design of linear Functional Noncircular Gear with High Contact Ratio Used in Continuously Variable Transmission

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2023年第3期36卷 205-218页

作者： Yanan Hu chao lin Chunjiang He Yongquan Yu Zhiqin Cai State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission Chongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Binzhou UniversityBinzhou 256600China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Continuously variable transmission(CVT)of noncircular gear has the technical advantages of large bearing capacity and high transmission efficiency.The key technology of CVT with noncircular gear has been broken through some countries,and is in the stage of deep application research.Although the characteristics and design methods of noncircular gear pairs have been continuously studied in China,the noncircular gear CVT is still in the preliminary exploration and research stage.The linear functional noncircular gear pair,whose transmission ratio is a linear function in the working section,to realize continuously variable transmission was the research object in this paper.According to the required transmission ratio in the working section,the transmission ratio function in the non-working section was constructed by using a polynomial.And then the influence of pitch curve parameters in the working section on which in the non-working section was also analyzed to obtain the pitch curve suitable for transmission of this gear pair.In addition,for improving the stability and bearing capacity of gear transmission,the noncircular gear pair transmission with high contact ratio was designed.Furthermore,the accurate value of the contact tooth length was calculated based on the gear principle and the characteristics of the involute tooth profile,from this the contact tooth length error was calculated by comparing the accurate value with its actual value obtained by the rolling experiment.Finally,an indirect method to verify the contact ratio by detecting the contact length error of the tooth profile was proposed.

关键词： Continuously variable transmission Noncircular gear Pitch curve Contact ratio Contact tooth profile

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A Boosted Communicational Salp Swarm Algorithm: Performance Optimization and Comprehensive Analysis

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2023年第3期20卷 1296-1332页

作者： chao lin Pengjun Wang Ali Asghar Heidari Xuehua Zhao Huiling Chen College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035ZhejiangChina College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Wenzhou UniversityWenzhou325035China School of Digital Media Shenzhen Institute of Information TechnologyShenzhen518172China

The Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is a recently proposed swarm intelligence algorithm inspired by salps, a marine creature similar to jellyfish. Despite its simple structure and solid exploratory ability, SSA suffers from low convergence accuracy and slow convergence speed when dealing with some complex problems. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved algorithm based on SSA and adds three improvements. First, the Real-time Update Mechanism (RUM) underwrites the role of ensuring that excellent individual information will not be lost and information exchange will not lag in the iterative process. Second, the Communication Strategy (CMS), on the other hand, uses the multiplicative relationship of multiple individuals to regulate the exploration and exploitation process dynamically. Third, the Selective Replacement Strategy (SRS) is designed to adaptively adjust the variance ratio of individuals to enhance the accuracy and depth of convergence. The new proposal presented in this study is named RCSSSA. The global optimization capability of the algorithm was tested against various high-performance and novel algorithms at IEEE CEC 2014, and its constrained optimization capability was tested at IEEE CEC 2011. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can converge faster while obtaining better optimization results than traditional swarm intelligence and other improved algorithms. The statistical data in the table support its optimization capabilities, and multiple graphs deepen the understanding and analysis of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Salp swarm algorithm Swarm intelligence Global optimization Exploration Exploitation

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Cryo-EM structure of R-loop monoclonal antibody S9.6 in recognizing RNA:DNA hybrids

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2022年第7期49卷 677-680页

作者： Qin Li chao lin Zhipu Luo Haitao Li Xueming Li Qianwen Sun Center for Plant Biology School of Life SciencesTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Institute of Molecular Enzymology School of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu 215123China University Beijing 100084China Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences Beijing 100084China

Three-stranded chromatin structure R-loops are thought to be formed co-transcriptionally with newly synthesized RNA behind RNA polymerases,and play essential biological roles(Costantino and Koshland,2015;Santos-Pereir... 详细信息

关键词： monoclonal structure

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Mechanical property and thermal shock behavior of tungsten-yttria-stabilized zirconia cermet fabricated by spark plasma sintering

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 134-140页

作者： lin-chao Zhang Ke Jing Rui Liu Zhuo-Ming Xie Jun-Feng Yang Gang Li Xian-Ping Wang Xue-Bang Wu Qian-Feng Fang Chang-Song Liu Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610041China

The cermet fuels have been considered as a potential key component for the nuclear thermal propulsion,and the homogeneity of the fuel particles in the metal matrix plays a crucial role in stabilizing the structure at extremely high temperatures.In this work,liquid paraffin was used as additive to improve the distribution of yttria-stabilized zirconia(YSZ,an appropriate surrogate for UO_(2) fuel)microspheres in the tungsten(W)matrix,and the W-YSZ cermet wafers(volume ratio 1:1)with a relative density of 97.6%were fabricated by spark plasma sintering with a specifically designed program.The effects of the paraffin dosage(0-5 wt.%)on the homogeneity,microstructure,mechanical properties,and the thermal conductivity of W-YSZ cermet were investigated.The W-YSZ sample with 2 wt.%paraffin shows the highest homogeneity and exhibits the best comprehensive properties,including the ultimate tensile strength of 132.2 MPa at 600℃,the bending strength of455 MPa and thermal conductivity of 50 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at room temperature.Moreover,the cermet could keep structurally sound after thermal shocked at a heat load of 20 MW·m^(-2).These results would be helpful for the design and optimization of the cermet fuels in the nuclear thermal propulsion.

关键词： Nuclear thermal propulsion Tungsten Cermet Liquid paraffin Thermal shock

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Controlling Carbide Evolution to Improve the Ductility in High Specific Young’s Modulus Steels

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2022年第10期35卷 1703-1711页

作者： Peng Chen Xin Xu chao lin Fuming Yang Jiachen Pang Xiaowu Li Hongliang Yi Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and EngineeringNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819China The State Key Laboratory of Rolling and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China Angang Steel Company Limited Technology Centre Anshan114009China Key Laboratory for Anisotropy and Texture of Materials Northeastern UniversityShenyang110819China

A high specific Young’s modulus steel could be achieved by introducing a large fraction of kappa-carbides(κ-carbide),and its ductility was improved by efficiency divorced eutectoid transformation(DET)treatment.For this steel,carbon and aluminum contents affect not only the carbide fraction,but also the type and morphology of carbides,and consequently the mechanical properties.In this work,the alloy was designed by considering both the carbide morphology and Young’s modulus,and the carbides in the high specific Young’s modulus steels were adjusted by controlling carbon content in a suitable range for achieving a good combination of strength and ductility.The detailed microstructure evolution process during DET reaction was studied,and it was found that a higher austenitizing temperature and the cooling rate lower than 300℃ h^(−1) are suitable.The blocky carbides could be avoided by designing the carbon content in a limited content range.The microstructure-property relationship of the experimental steels was also discussed for giving an impetus to the future development of high specific Young’s modulus steels.

关键词： κ-carbide High aluminum High carbon Divorced eutectoid transformation Ductility

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基于噪声差异性的光谱全息重构图像的降噪方法

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光学学报 2024年第9期44卷 39-52页

作者：贺佳雪娄树理林超烟台大学物理与电子信息学院海军航空大学航空作战勤务学院

将傅里叶变换光谱技术与数字全息技术相结合，基于噪声差异性原理，利用不同波长重构图像实现降噪，提出了基于波段优选的加权求和平均算法：分析不同波长重构图像的噪声水平，在给定波长范围内分别选取RGB三分量的中心波长，选择合适... 详细信息

将傅里叶变换光谱技术与数字全息技术相结合，基于噪声差异性原理，利用不同波长重构图像实现降噪，提出了基于波段优选的加权求和平均算法：分析不同波长重构图像的噪声水平，在给定波长范围内分别选取RGB三分量的中心波长，选择合适的区间半径，使用二值化权重因子来实现波长优选，并将三维块匹配（BM3D）算法与加权求和平均算法相结合，以进一步降低噪声。以光学密码系统的解密过程为例，分析降噪效果。结果表明，当RGB三分量中心波长分别为621、549、449 nm，区间半径为26,BM3D算法中噪声水平参数sigma为3时，降噪效果最优，此时降噪图像与原始彩色图像真值之间的彩色峰值信噪比（C-PSNR）为91.11 dB，所提算法在优选波段的基础上有效地降低了噪声，为彩色全息重构图像降噪提供了新思路。

关键词：傅里叶光学光谱全息技术图像降噪加权求和平均算法三维块匹配算法

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