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Jet dispersion and deposition of charged particles in confined chambers

Particuology 2010年第1期8卷 28-36页

作者： chao zhu Dawei Wang chao-Hsin Lin Department of Mechanical Engineering NewJersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA Environmental Control Systems Boeing Commercial Airplanes Seattle WA 98124 USA

Dispersion and surface deposition of charged particles by gas-solids jets in confined chambers are constantly encountered in many industrial applications such as in electrostatic precipitation and dry powder coating processes. Understanding and control of flow patterns and trajectories of charged particles are important to the optimal design and operation of such devices. In this study, modeling of flow fields and particle trajectories of dilute gas-solid two-phase flows with charged particles in confined chambers is performed. The dilute gas-solid two-phase flows are simulated by use of a hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach with the one-way coupling between the gaseous phase and particle phase. The space charge distribution is included as a source term in equations of motion or Lagrangian equation of charged particles, which in turn depends on the particle trajectories that determine the space charge distribution. Our modeling predictions suggested that the electrostatic charge plays a significant role in particle radial dispersion. Effect of voltage has limited influence on particle trajectories however it can have a big impact on the residence time. Cone angle has a significant effect on the structure of flow field. For cone with a larger cone angle （typically over 15°）, there will be a flow separation along the side wall near the flow entrance region. By comparing with the conical chamber, the cylindrical chamber has a big vortex and three smaller vortexes in the lower part of the chamber, which would complicate the particle dispersion with or without the coupling of charging.

关键词： Charged particle deposition Confined chamber Electric field Jet dispersion

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Resistant effect of non-equilibrium inter-particle collisions on dense solids transport

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 544-548页

作者： chao zhu Dawei Wang Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering NewJersey Institute of Technology Newark NJ 07102 USA

There exist big gaps between measurements and modeling predictions on solids holdup and pressure drop in dense solids transport, such as those occuring in the bottom sections of gas-solids risers. The inability of closing this gap by common modeling approaches indicates certain missing and/or misrepresentation of some controlling mechanisms in modeling the transport. Previous research efforts show that the gap can not be effectively narrowed by simply modifying the drag force formulations without inclusion of the collision effect. This paper explores the origin of some controlling mechanisms that might have been overlooked in previous modeling approaches, and recommends how to make the model dense solids transport better. Our analysis shows the presence of a resistant force arising from inter-particle collision when the solids are accelerated in dense-phase transport. This may be caused by non-equilibrium collision during solids acceleration, which differs from local-equilibrium assumptions on which the current kinetic theory modeling of granular particles is based. A complete modeling of this collision-induced resistance calls for a total revision of the kinetic theory, with the inclusion of non-equilibrium collisions and offcenter collisions in dense solids transport.

关键词： Dense solids transport Inter-particle collision Non-equilibrium collisions Resistant effect

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Macroscopic MXene ribbon with oriented sheet stacking for high‐performance flexible supercapacitors

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Carbon Energy 2021年第1期3卷 142-152页

作者： chao zhu Fengxia Geng College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouChina

Flexible and wearable fiber electrodes with high conductivity and acceptable electrochemical behavior are crucial for extending the application of nextgeneration portable electronics,the development of which,however,is very ***‐dimensional sheets are known to be excellent units for assembling fiber entities,particularly when sheets are oriented in a stacking manner,which helps integrate their intrinsic in‐plane advantages,especially those related with mechanical and electronic *** this study,we developed a flexible macroscopic and continuous fiber in an unusual ribbon shape composed solely of Ti3C2 sheets,a typical member of the MXene *** ribbon morphology was realized through highly ordered stacking of Ti3C2,which imparts fibers with favorable mechanical *** on the intrinsic metallic conductivity of Ti3C2 sheets and the oriented stacking structure,the developed macroscopic ribbon exhibited excellent conductivity for both electrons(up to 2458 S/cm)and ions.A fiber‐shaped asymmetric supercapacitor using the developed macroscopic ribbon as a cathode coupled with reduced graphene oxide fibers as an anode delivered a competitive maximum volumetric energy density of 58.4mWh/cm3(20.0Wh/kg)while maintaining a power level of 1679.0mW/cm3(581.0 W/kg)and excellent cycling stability(92.4%retention after 10000 cycles at 10 A/g).This study highlights the excellent potential of MXene as a platform for macroscopic assembly and definitely broadens the applications of MXene materials in wearable electronics.

关键词： flexible supercapacitor ribbon fiber Ti3C2 sheets

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Investigation on bonding interfaces of an SA508 steel billet manufactured by additive forging

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2022年第12期29卷 2016-2023页

作者： Xin-jin Zhang Tian-sheng Wang Zhi-chao zhu Lin zhu State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology Yanshan UniversityQinhuangdao 066004HebeiChina China First Heavy Industries Co. Ltd.Qiqihaer 161042HeilongjiangChina

An experimental steel billet of SA508 reactor pressure vessel material was manufactured by the additive forging method,and microstructure and mechanical properties of the hot-compression bonding interface were systematically *** result indicated that oxidation levels of bonding interfaces were well controlled using vacuum electron beam *** was easy to discriminate interfaces from base materials during the optical microstructure observation,since interfaces were characterized by grain or phase boundaries in a straight *** results of uniaxial tensile experiments(at 20 and 350°C)and Charpy V-notched impact tests(at 0 and 20°C)showed that fracture behaviour of all those samples appeared at the base material,and bonding interfaces showed advantage of strength and toughness at the forge bonding state.

关键词： Reactor pressure vessel Additive forging Interfacial microstructure Mechanical property

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REGULARITY AND RECURRENCE OF SWITCHING DIFFUSIONS

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2007年第2期20卷 273-283页

作者： George YIN chao zhu Department of Mathematics Wayne State University Detroit Michigan 48202 U.S.A.

This work is concerned with switching diffusion processes, also known as regime-switching diffusions. Our attention focuses on regularity, recurrence, and positive recurrence of the underlying stochastic processes. The main effort is devoted to obtaining easily verifiable conditions for the aforementioned properties. Continuous-state-dependent jump processes are considered. First general criteria on regularity and recurrence using Liapunov functions are obtained. Then we focus on a class of problems, in which both the drift and the diffusion coefficients are ＂linearizable＂ with respect to the continuous state, and suppose that the generator of the jump part of the process can be approximated by a generator of an ergodic Markov chain. Sufficient conditions for regularity, recurrence, and positive recurrence are derived, which are linear combination of the averaged coefficients （averaged with respect to the stationary measure of the Markov chain）.

关键词： Recurrence regularity switching diffusion

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Population Synthesis for Mira Variables

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2005年第4期5卷 419-425页

作者： Chun-Hua zhu chao-Zheng Zha Department of Physics Xinjiang University Urumqi 830046

By means of a population synthesis code, we investigate the Mira variables. Their birth rate （over 0.65yr^-1） and their number （～ 130000） in the Galaxy are estimated. For all possible Mira variables, ranges of their initial masses,pulsating periods, mass losses and lifetimes are given. We check our model with the observed Mira variables near the Sun and our results prove to be valid.

关键词： stars: late-type - stars: variables - stars: fundamental parameters

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Shaking Table Model Test of Isolated Structure on Soft Site and Analysis on Its Isolation Efficiency

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Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2017年第2期34卷 169-176页

作者： Yu Xu zhuang Haiyang zhu chao Department of Civil Engineering Nanjing Institute of Technology Institute of Geotechnical Engineering Nanjing University of Technology

Adopting a soft site model built on soft interlayer soil foundation,a shaking table test for soft interlayer soil-isolated structure interaction is conducted to investigate the seismic response of isolated structure on soft site,and analyze its isolation *** results show that the test can reflect the earthquake response characteristics of isolated structure on soft *** is on soft site that the dynamic characteristics of isolated structure,acceleration magnification factor(AMF)of isolated structure and isolation efficiency of the isolation layer differ from those on rigid foundation with an soil-structure interaction(SSI)effect,represented by the reduction in fundamental vibration frequency of isolated structure and the increase of damping ratio with changes of the SSI *** can either increase or decrease AMF of isolated structure on soft site,depending on the characteristics of earthquake motion ***,the isolation efficiency of isolation layer on soft site is decreased with the SSI effect,which is related to the peak ground acceleration(PGA)and the characteristics of earthquake motion input.

关键词： isolated structure shaking table model test soil-structure interaction(SSI) seismic response isolation efficiency

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Research on blade tip clearance cavitation and turbulent kinetic energy characteristics of axial flow pump based on the partially-averaged Navier-Stokes model

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2024年第1期36卷 184-201页

作者： Xiao-qi Jia Shuai-kang Zhang Zu-chao zhu Key Laboratory of Fluid Transmission Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou310018China

To reveal the cavitation forms of tip leakage vortex(TLV)of the axial flow pump and the flow mechanism of the flow field,this research adopts the partially-averaged Navier-Stokes(PANS)model to simulate the cavitation values of an axial flow pump,followed by experimental *** experimental result shows that compared with the shear stress transport(SST)k-ωmodel,the PANS model significantly reduces the eddy viscosity of the flow field to make the vortex structure clearer and allow the turbulence scale to be more robustly *** cavitation area within the axial flow pump mainly comprises of TLV cavitation,clearance cavitation and tip leakage flows combined effect of triangular cloud cavitation *** formation and development of cavitation are accompanied by the formation and evolution of vortex,and variations in vortex structure also generate and promote the development of *** addition,an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)transport equation and cavitation patterns was also conducted,finding that the regions with relatively high TKE are mainly distributed around gas/liquid boundaries with serious cavitation and evident gas-liquid *** phenomenon is mainly attributed to the combined effect of the pressure action term,stress diffusion term and TKE production term.

关键词： Cavitation axial flow pump tip leakage vortex(TLV) partially-averaged Navier-Stokes(PANS)model turbulent kinetic energy(TKE)

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Measuring Net Foreign Assets:The Case of China

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China & World Economy 2010年第5期18卷 90-104页

作者： chao zhu Capital University of Economics and Business Beijing China

This paper discusses two methods of measuring net foreign assets（NFA）： directly using the financial account and indirectly using the current account. The former method is found to be more accurate than the latter method. The paper also includes a detailed discussion of the valuation methodology. The results show that China＇s NFA are much lower than the cumulative current account surplus or the cumulative foreign exchange reserves. This leads to an underestimation of growth in foreign direct investment and an overestimation of the capacity of foreign exchange reserves to cope with possible withdrawals. Therefore, the Chinese Government should pay more attention to valuation issues to obtain more accurate measurement of NFA. Meanwhile, the Chinese monetary authority should relax its control on the foreign exchange settlement system, allow the private sector to hold a certain amount of foreign exchange, and encourage foreign assets to be denominated in RMB to solve structural problems, including entity and currency mismatch

关键词： international investment position measurement methodology net foreign

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Microwave-assisted base-free synthesis of trans-cinnamic acids using hypervalent iodonium salts

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2007年第3期18卷 272-274页

作者： Min zhu chao Shentu Zhong Shi Zhou College of Biological and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang Shuren University Hangzhou 310015 China

A fast and convenient base-free Heck reaction of acrylic acid with hypervalent iodonium salts was achieved under microwave irradiation in water, providing a simple method for the synthesis of trans-cinnanfic acids in ... 详细信息

关键词： Heck reaction Hypervalent iodonium salts Microwave irradiation trans-Cinnamic acids

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