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EXECUTER2 modulates the EXECUTER1 signalosome through its singlet oxygen-dependent oxidation

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Molecular Plant 2022年第3期15卷 438-453页

作者： Vivek Dogra Rahul Mohan Singh Mengping Li Mingyue Li Somesh Singh chanhong kim Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Present address:Biotechnology Division CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource TechnologyPalampur 176061India

Oxidative post-translational modifications of specific chloroplast proteins contribute to the initiation of retrograde signaling.The Arabidopsis thaliana EXECUTER1(EX1)protein,a chloroplast-localized singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))sensor,undergoes tryptophan(Trp)643 oxidation by^(1)O_(2),a chloroplast-derived and light-dependent reactive oxygen species.The indole side chain of Trp is vulnerable to^(1)O_(2),leading to the generation of oxidized Trp variants and priming EX1 for degradation by a membrane-bound FtsH protease.The perception of^(1)O_(2)via Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis facilitate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling.In this study,we discovered that the EX1-like protein EX2 also undergoes^(1)O_(2)-dependent Trp530 oxidation and FtsH-dependent turnover,which attenuates^(1)O_(2)signaling by decelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 degradation.Consistent with this finding,the loss of EX2 function reinforces EX1-dependent retrograde signaling by accelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis,whereas overexpression of EX2 produces molecular phenotypes opposite to those observed in the loss-of-function mutants of EX2.Intriguingly,phylogenetic analysis suggests that EX2 may have emerged evolutionarily to attenuate the sensitivity of EX1 toward^(1)O_(2).Collectively,these results suggest that EX2 functions as a negative regulator of the EX1 signalosome through its own^(1)O_(2)-dependent oxidation,providing a new mechanistic insight into the regulation of EX1-mediated^(1)O_(2)signaling.

关键词： EXECUTER1 EXECUTER2 singlet oxygen retrograde signaling Trp oxidation FtsH protease

Hemodynamic instability following intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion for sedation under brachial plexus block: Two case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第30期11卷 7469-7474页

作者： Ye Sull kim chanhong Lee Jeongmin Oh Seonhwa Nam A Ram Doo Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Jeonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Jeonbuk National University Medical School and HospitalJeonju 54907South Korea Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine Research Institute of Clinical Medicine-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University HospitalJeonju 54907South Korea

BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine(DMED)is frequently used as a sedative in several medical fields.The benefits of DMED include enhanced quality of regional anesthesia,prolonged analgesia,and postoperative opioid-sparing when administered intravenously or perineurally in combination with regional anesthesia.Severe hemodynamic complications,such as profound bradycardia and hypotension,can occur after DMED administration in critically ill patients or overdosage;however,there are few reports of complications with DMED administration following brachial plexus block(BPB).CASE SUMMARY We present two cases of hemodynamic instability that occurred following the initial loading of DMED under supraclavicular BPB.A healthy 29-year-old man without any medical history showed profound bradycardia after receiving a loading dose of DMED 0.9μg/kg for 9 min.DMED administration was promptly stopped,and after receiving a second dose of atropine,the heart rate recovered.A 62-year-old woman with a history of cardiomyopathy became hypotensive abruptly,requiring the administration of inotrope and vasopressors after receiving a reduced loading dose of 0.5μg/kg for 10 min.Half of the recommended loading dose of DMED was administered due to the underlying heart dysfunction.Decrea-sed blood pressure was maintained despite the intravenous administration of ephedrine.With continuous infusion of dopamine and norepinephrine,the vital signs were maintained within normal ranges.Inotropic and vasopressor support was required for over 6 h after the initial loading dose of DMED.CONCLUSION DMED administration following BPB could trigger hemodynamic instability in patients with decreased cardiac function as well as in healthy individuals.

关键词： Dexmedetomidine Brachial plexus block Profound bradycardia Complication Hypotension Instability Case report

1O2-Mediated and EXECUTER-Dependent Retrograde Plastid-to-Nucleus Signaling in Norflurazon-Treated Seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1580-1591页

作者： chanhong kim Klaus Apel Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research Ithaca NY 14853-1801 USA

Chloroplast development depends on the synthesis and import of a large number of nuclear-encoded pro- teins. The synthesis of some of these proteins is affected by the functional state of the plastid via a process known as retrograde signaling. Retrograde plastid-to-nucleus signaling has been often characterized in seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to norflurazon （NF）, an inhibitor of carotenoid biosynthesis. Results of this work suggested that, throughout seedling development, a factor is released from the plastid to the cytoplasm that indicates a perturbation of plastid homeostasis and represses nuclear genes required for normal chloroplast development. The identity of this factor is still under debate. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） were among the candidates discussed as possible retrograde signals in NF-treated plants. In the present work, this proposed role of ROS has been analyzed. In seedlings grown from the very beginning in the presence of NF, ROS-dependent signaling was not detectable, whereas, in seedlings first exposed to NF after light-dependent chloroplast formation had been completed, enhanced ROS production occurred and, among oth- ers, 1O2-mediated and EXECUTER-dependent retrograde signaling was induced. Hence, depending on the developmental stage at which plants are exposed to NF, different retrograde signaling pathways may be activated, some of which are also active in non-treated plants under light stress.

关键词： retrograde signaling singlet oxygen Executer norflurazon programmed cell death photo-oxidative stress.

A study on sublabial transsphenoidal treatment of pituitary tumor under microscope with aid of endoscope

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Chinese Neurosurgical Journal 2018年第3期4卷 139-144页

作者： Yunchol Pak Xuejun Yang Yongdok kim chanhong Jong Haksong kim Namhyok Lee Songgun kim Yongchol kim Department of Neurosurgery Pyongyang Medical School HospitalKim Il Sung General UniversityPyongyangDemocratic People’s Republic of Korea Department of Neurosurgery General HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina

Background: A pituitary tumor is a tumor with a high incidence among brain tumors. Microscopic traditional STT approach with aid of endoscope has a high therapeutic effect and few complications. Methods: The authors reviewed 146 patients who underwent STT resection of sellar masses between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013. From this group, 40 patients who underwent microscopic STT surgery with aid of endoscope were included in the study. In this series, there were many nonfunctional and Growth Hormone(GH) secreting adenoma. In the study group, tumor size ranged from 60 to 79 mm in 3 cases. Pathophysiological studies, tumor sizes, clinical outcomes, extent of resection, visual function and complication were estimated. Results: In our study, gross-total resection(GTR) was achieved in 33 patients (82.5%), subtotal in 3 (7.5%), and partial in 4 (10%). Visual acuity were improved in 82.1%, while 17.9% were unchanged. Visual fields were improved in 81.2%. No deaths occurred in this cohort of patients. Conclusions: Pituitary adenoma surgery under microscope with aid of endoscope is an effective treatment method, which results in high (>90%) rates of resection. It is not associated with high rates of major complications and is safe when performed by experienced surgeons.

关键词： STT approach Endoscopic Sellar Pituitary surgery Complication