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Phylogenetic relationship,biogeography,and conservation genetics of endangered Fraxinus chiisanensis(Oleaceae),endemic to South Korea

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Plant Diversity 2022年第2期44卷 170-180页

作者： changkyun kim Dong-Kap kim Hang Sun Joo-Hwan kim Plant Research Division Honam National Institute of Biological ResourcesMokpo 58762Republic of Korea Forest Biodiversity Division Korea National ArboretumPocheon 11186Republic of Korea CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650204YunnanPR China Department of Life Science Gachon UniversitySeongnam 13120Republic of Korea

Endemic plants are important for understanding phylogenetic relationships,biogeographical history,and genetic variation because of their restricted distribution and their role in conserving biodiversity.Here,we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the Korean endemic Fraxinus chiisanensis by reconstructing the molecular phylogeny of Fraxinus based on two nuclear DNA(nrITS and phantastica)and two chloroplast DNA(psbA-trnH and rp132-trnL)regions.Within our fossil-calibrated phylogenetic framework,we also inferred the biogeographical history of F.chiisanensis.To provide a scientific basis for the conservation of F.chiisanensis,we determined the levels of genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in this species.Combining information from nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequence data,our molecular phylogenetic analyses identified F.chiisanensis as a genetically distinct unit from its sister group,Fraxinus platypoda from Japan.Our molecular dating analyses using nuclear and chloroplast DNA data sets show F.chiisanensis diverged from its sister F.platypoda in the Early or Middle Miocene and differentiated in the Late Miocene on the Korean Peninsula.Our results suggest that the divergence of F.chiisanensis was associated with the submergence of the East China Sea land bridge and enhanced monsoons in East Asia.When compared to F.platypoda,F.chiisanensis exhibits low genetic diversity within populations and high genetic differentiation among populations.These results help us to understand the evolutionary history of F.chiisanensis and to develop a conservation strategy for this species.

关键词： East China Sea land bridge Endemic species Fraxinus chiisanensis Korean Peninsula Genetic diversity Biogeography

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High Frequency Sporophytes Regeneration from the Spore Culture of the Endangered Aquatic Fern <i>Isoetes coreana</i>

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第6期4卷 14-20页

作者： Myung Jin Oh changkyun kim Hye Ryun Na Hyunchur Shin Jang R. Liu Hong-Keun Choi Suk Weon kim Biological Resources Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon South Korea Department of Biological Science Ajou University Suwon South Korea Department of Life Science Soonchunhyang University Asan South Korea Green Bio Research Center Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB) Daejeon South Korea.

Using a mixed culture of megaspores and microspores from I. coreana, we established high frequency sporophyte regeneration system. After 20 days of culturing in MS basal medium, microscopic examination showed significant morphological changes and the microspore released numerous small vesicles into the culture medium. Megaspores also showed dramatic morphological changes during its incubation time in culture. The spore wall was cracked by the expansion of the megaspore (about 2 times increase in diameter). Simultaneously, brown spots were observed on the surface of the megaspores. The frequency of female gametophytes developing from immature megaspores cultured in MS basal liquid medium (pH 7) supplemented with 1 mgl-1 GA3 was 46%. However, these female gametophytes derived from megaspore only culture could not differentiate into sporophytes. The mixed culture of microspores and megaspores resulted in successful sporophyte regeneration. The highest frequency (12.3%) of green sporophyte regeneration from mixed spore culture occurred when the cultures were maintained at 25℃ under cool-white fluorescent light (40 μmol·m-2·s-1) with a 16 h photoperiod. Regenerated sporophytes were transferred to a test tube containing vermiculite and a sand mixture and left there until they had three leaves. After root growth and the fifth leaf had emerged, more than 95% of the regenerated sporophytes were successfully transferred to the soil and grown to mature plants. The sporophyte regeneration system established in this study could be successfully used for the restoration of the endangered aquatic species, I. coreana.

关键词： Aquatic Fern Isoetes coreana Spore Culture Sporophyte Regeneration

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