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Potential use of garlic products in ruminant feeding:A review

Animal Nutrition 2023年第3期14卷 343-355页

作者： He Ding changjin ao Xiaoqing Zhang Institute of Grassland Research Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHohhot 010010China Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

The addition of antibiotics as growth promoters to ruminant feed can result in bacterial resistance and antibiotic residues in ruminant products.Correspondingly,there is serious public concern regarding the presence of antibiotic residue in ruminant products and the consequent threat to human health.As a result,the addition of plants and their products to ruminant feeds,as an alternative to antibiotics,has received much attention recently.Garlic and its products are rich in organosulphur compounds,which have a variety of biological activities and have been widely used as natural additives in animal production.This review presents recent knowledge on the addition of garlic products(powder,skin,oil,leaf and extracts)to the diets of ruminants.In this paper,garlic products are evaluated with respect to their chemical composition,bioactive compounds,and their impacts on the rumen ecosystem,antioxidant status,immune response,parasitic infection,growth performance and product quality of ruminants.This review provides valuable guidance and a theoretical basis for the development of garlic products as green,highly efficient and safe additives,with the aims of promoting ruminant growth and health,reducing methane emissions and improving ruminant product quality.Garlic extracts have the potential to control parasite infections by decreasing the faecal egg count.Garlic powder,oil and allicin are able to reduce the methane emissions of ruminants.Organosulphur compounds such as allicin,which is present in garlic products,have the potential to inhibit membrane lipid synthesis of the archaeal community,thus influencing the population of methanogenic archaea and resulting in a reduction in methane emissions.Some garlic products are also able to increase the average daily gain(garlic skin,water extract,and leaf)and the feed conversion ratio(garlic skin and leaf)of ruminants.Garlic stalk silage fed to sheep has the potential to improve the nutritional value of mutton by increasing the concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids

关键词： Garlic product Ruminant Methane emission Growth performance Product quality

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Effects of dietary supplementation with Allium mongolicum Regel extracts on growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第2期7卷 530-538页

作者： He Ding Wangjing Liu Khas Erdene Hongxi Du changjin ao Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region College of Animal ScienceInner Mongolia Agricultural UniversityHohhot 010018China

The present study was to evaluate the effects of dried Allium mongolicum Regel(AMR)powder and its water-and fat-soluble extracts(AWE and AFE)on the growth performance,serum metabolites,immune responses,antioxidant status,and meat quality of lambs.A total of 32 male small-tailed Han lambs(5 months old;initial body weight=34.8±0.40 kg)were used in a 60-d feeding experiment after a 15-d adaptation period.The lambs were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=8)and fed a basal diet(control,CON group),the basal diet supplemented with dried AMR powder at 10 g/d per lamb(AMR group),the basal diet supplemented with AWE at 3.4 g/d per lamb(AWE group),or the basal diet supplemented with AFE at 2.8 g/d per lamb(AFE group).Blood samples were collected on d 0,30,and 60 in the feeding experiment(n-8).At the end of the experiment,the lambs were sacrificed and the longissimus dorsi muscles collected.Growth performance was not significantly affected by dietary supplementation of AMR,AWE and AFE(P>0.05).However,significantly lower albumin(P=0.006),total protein(P=0.006),globin(P=0.025),and blood urea nitrogen(P=0.024)concentrations were observed in AFE group relative to CON and AMR groups.Similarly,a significantly lower lactate dehydrogenase activity(P=0.018)was observed in AFE group relative to AWE group,but not in other groups(P>0.05).In addition,significantly increasing trends in glutathione peroxidase(P=0.06)in AMR,AWE,and AFE groups were observed relative to the control group.Furthermore,significantly lower drip loss(P-0.011)across the treatment groups and cooking loss(P-0.048)were observed in the AMR group relative to the control group.Taken together,these results indicate that AMR and its extracts had no significant effect on lamb growth performance,antioxidant status,and immune responses,but could significantly improve meat quality without the occurrence of pathological kidney and liver lesions.

关键词： Allium mongolicum Regel Growth performance Serum metabolite Immune response Antioxidant status Meat quality

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Effects of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on growth performance and growth-related hormones in meat sheep

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Animal Nutrition 2017年第1期3卷 33-38页

作者： Muqier Sarula Qi Terigele Wang Renwei Chen Cuifang Wang changjin ao College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different doses of flavonoids from Allium mongolicum Regel on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormones in meat sheep and to determine the optimum dosage of Allium mongolicum Regel flavonoids to add to the basal diet of dry lotfeeding meat sheep. Sixty meat sheep(initial body weight = 39.9 ± 3.2 kg; 6-month-old) were randomly assigned to 4 groups(15 sheep per group). The sheep in the control group were fed a basal diet, and the 3 experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at 11.22 and 33 mg/kg. Blood samples were collected via the jugular vein at d 0.15, 30, 45, and 60 to determine the neuroendocrine hormone levels. The fasting weight of the sheep was measured during the experimental period, and feed offered and refusals were recorded daily. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids from 11 to 33 mg/kg significantly increased the daily weight gain and average daily feed intake(P0.05). Starting on d 30, the growth hormone(GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)levels in the sera of the sheep in the supplementation groups increased significantly(P0.05). The serum adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH) levels were increased by the supplementation of flavonoids, but compared with the control group, the effect was not significant. The basal diet supplemented with flavonoids at levels from 11 to 33 mg/kg had a significant effect on the production performance and neuroendocrine hormone levels of meat sheep, and the effect occurred in a time-dependent manner. The effect was es

关键词： Allium mongolicum Regel Flavonoids Growth performance Hormones Meat sheep

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Milk fatty acids profiles and milk production from dairy cows fed different forage quality diets

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第4期2卷 329-333页

作者： Shuaiwang Liu Runhou Zhang Rong Kang Jinzhu Meng changjin ao College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Wujiang River Institute of Agriculture & Forestry Economics Tongren University

Thirty lactating Holstein cows were used to investigate the effects of different forages quality on milk fatty acids(FA) profiles and production. The cows were assigned to 3 dietary treatments(n = 10 per treatment) in a randomized block design with 3 repeated measures. They were fed the experimental diets for 90 d with 3 days of collection of samples for analysis at about 27 d intervals(samples were collected on days 28,29,30, 58, 59, 60.88, 89 and 90). The treatments were(DM basis): 1) mixed forages diet(MF) consisting of 3.7% Chinese wild rye, 26.7% corn silage and 23.4% alfalfa hay; 2) corn stalk diet 1(CS1) where corn stalk was used to formulate a similar chemical nutrient level to MF; 3) corn stalk diet 2(CS2) which used corn stalk to formulate a similar forage level to MF for the diet. Dry matter intake and BW were similar between treatments, but daily milk yield, milk fat and protein yield decreased(P < 0.05)in CS1 and CS2 compared with MF, with CS2 being the lowest(P < 0.05). In total FA of milk, the compositions of C18:1 c9, C18:3 and unsaturated FA increased(P < 0.05) in CS1 and CS2 compared with MF,and C18:0 and trans-C18:1 were trended to increase(P < 0.10), but C4:0-C16:0 were decreased(P < 0.05).Compared with cows fed CS2, cows receiving CS1 increased the compositions of C4:0 to C12:0 and C18:2(P < 0.05). The results suggests feeding corn stalk could produce a greater proportion of unsaturated fatty acid(UFA) in milk fat without resulting in milk fat depression(MFD) in mid lactation cows, but simply increasing the ratio of concentrate in low forages diets is not an effective way to increase milk fat synthesis and milk production.

关键词： Dairy cow Forage quality Milk fatty acids profiles Milk production

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沙葱乙醇提取物对奶牛血浆生化、免疫、抗氧化和激素指标的影响

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动物营养学报 2024年第3期36卷 1734-1744页

作者：李华北段嘉钰蒋林树敖长金白晨内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院内蒙古自治区高校动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室呼和浩特010018 北京农学院动物科学技术学院北京农学院奶牛营养学北京市重点实验室北京102208

本试验旨在研究沙葱乙醇提取物对奶牛血浆生化、免疫、抗氧化和激素指标的影响。选取12头体况和产奶量相近、2~3胎次的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮,试验组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮+54 g/... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究沙葱乙醇提取物对奶牛血浆生化、免疫、抗氧化和激素指标的影响。选取12头体况和产奶量相近、2~3胎次的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮,试验组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮+54 g/d沙葱乙醇提取物。预试期14 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)2组之间血浆葡萄糖(GLU)、尿素(UREA)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、肌酐(CR)、胆固醇(CHOL)含量及谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)试验组的血浆谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH⁃Px)活性显著高于对照组(PaoC)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)试验组的血浆白细胞介素-2(IL⁃2)和白细胞介素-10(IL⁃10)含量显著高于对照组(P0.05)。4)2组之间血浆生长激素(GH)、催乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)、胰岛素(INS)、皮质醇(HYD)含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加54 g/d沙葱乙醇提取物能增强泌乳中期奶牛的免疫、抗氧化能力,且对奶牛血浆生化指标无不良影响。

关键词：沙葱乙醇提取物奶牛生化免疫抗氧化激素

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沙葱醇提物对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群结构的影响

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动物营养学报 2024年第1期36卷 340-351页

作者：段嘉钰白晨李华北赵亚波敖长金内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院内蒙古自治区高校动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室呼和浩特010018

本试验旨在研究沙葱醇提物对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取体况、胎次、泌乳期和泌乳量相近的荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分为对照组(CON组)和沙葱醇提物组(AEE组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮,... 详细信息

本试验旨在研究沙葱醇提物对奶牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取体况、胎次、泌乳期和泌乳量相近的荷斯坦奶牛12头,随机分为对照组(CON组)和沙葱醇提物组(AEE组),每组6个重复,每个重复1头。对照组奶牛饲喂基础饲粮,试验组奶牛饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3 g/kg沙葱醇提物的试验饲粮。预试期14 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著提高了奶牛第21天的乳脂率(P0.05)。2)与CON组相比,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著提高了奶牛瘤胃pH(P0.05);饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物显著降低了瘤胃毛螺菌属(Lachnospira)相对丰度(P<0.05)。相关性分析表明,瘤胃琥珀酸弧菌科UCG-001和广泛乳杆菌(Latilactobacillus)相对丰度与乳脂率呈正相关。综上所述,饲粮中添加沙葱醇提物可提高奶牛乳脂率,提高瘤胃pH,并改善瘤胃菌群结构。

关键词：沙葱醇提物奶牛生产性能瘤胃发酵瘤胃菌群结构

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Effects of infusing milk precursors into the artery on rumen fermentation in lactating cows

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第2期2卷 105-110页

作者： Xianjue Wang changjin ao Khas-Erdene Shuaiwang Liu Chen Bai Fuquan Zhang Ying Zhang Peng Gao College of Animal Science Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of infusing milk precursors into the external pudic artery on rumen fermentation in lactating dairy cows. Eight multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to Group A(experimental group) and Group B(control group) with 4 cows each. A2×4 complex factor crossover design was used. Cows in Group A were fed corn straw as the only roughage, and cows in Group B were fed mixed roughage. The experiment was divided into two periods.In the first period, cows in Group A, received treatments: 1) a basal infusate as a control(CSC); 2) a milk fat precursor infusion including C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 c9, C18:2 c6, C18:3 n3, acetic acid(CSF); 3) a milk protein precursor infusion including 16 amino acids(CSA); 4) the mixed infusion of milk fat and protein precursors(CSFA). And meanwhile, cows in Group B were infused the basal infusate as a control group. In the second period, the cows in both Groups A and B were crossed over, which cows in Group A were named as Group B and the cows originally in Group B were in Group A. The experimental results showed that cows in experimental group had higher ruminal pH compared with the control, and ruminal pH in CSC, CSF, CSA were significantly higher than those in their respective control group(P < 0.05). The concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_3-N) was significantly higher in CSA and CSFA compared with Group B(P < 0.05). We also observed that the infusion of mixed amino acids significantly increased the bacterial protein(BCP) content in rumen(P < 0.05) and influenced the rumen acetic acid concentration as well as the acetic to propionic ratio(P < 0.05). Milk fat precursors infusion significantly affected butyric acid concentration(P < 0.05). In addition, the content of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in CSA was significantly higher than that in the control group(P < 0.05). It is concluded that the milk precursors infused into external pudic artery caused feedback effects on ruminal fermentation under the corn straw roughage conditions. The mil

关键词： External pudic artery Infusion Milk component precursors Rumen fermentation Lactation dairy cows Forage

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沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

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中国农业科学 2022年第17期55卷 3461-3472页

作者：刘旺景唐德富敖长金内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院

【目的】研究沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征，肉品质及血清生化指标的影响，为舍饲肉羊饲料添加剂的开发提供试验依据。【方法】选取3月龄、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羊60只，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，对照组(CK)饲喂基础... 详细信息

【目的】研究沙葱及其提取物对小尾寒羊生产性能、胴体特征，肉品质及血清生化指标的影响，为舍饲肉羊饲料添加剂的开发提供试验依据。【方法】选取3月龄、体重相近的小尾寒羊公羊60只，随机分为4组，每组3个重复，对照组(CK)饲喂基础日粮，试验组分别在基础日粮中添加沙葱粉(AMR)，沙葱水提物(AWE)和沙葱醇提物(AFE)，添加剂量分别为10、3.4和2.8 g/(只·d)。试验持续75 d，其中预饲期15 d，正饲期60 d。正饲期内测定小尾寒羊生产性能，正饲期结束空腹颈静脉采血测定血清生化指标，随后每个重复随机选2只羊进行屠宰，立即测定胴体特征(胴体热重、屠宰率、肾周脂肪重、皮下脂肪厚度及硬度)，取胴体左侧背最长肌测定肉品质，取肾周脂肪、尾部脂肪、背部皮下脂肪和大网膜脂肪测定脂肪肉色。【结果】与对照组相比，(1)沙葱醇提物组的平均日采食量显著降低(P=0.001)，饲料转化率显著升高(P=0.039)，平均日增重无显著性变化(P>0.05)；(2)日粮添加沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力(P=0.029)；(3)沙葱粉组、水提物组和醇提物组肾周脂肪的黄度值(b~*)无显著性差异(P>0.050)，醇提物组肾周脂肪(P=0.096)和大网膜脂肪(P=0.087)的b~*值与沙葱粉组相比有升高的趋势，而红度值(a~*)(P=0.044)和饱和度(C~*)(P=0.021)显著高于沙葱粉组；(4)添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著升高血清总蛋白(P=0.006)的含量，沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清白蛋白(P=0.006)的含量，沙葱醇提物能够显著降低血清尿素氮(P=0.024)的含量。【结论】沙葱及其提取物对舍饲小尾寒羊胴体特征和脂肪肉色无显著影响；日粮中添加沙葱醇提物能够显著提高小尾寒羊饲料转化率，沙葱粉及水提物能够显著降低羊肉的剪切力，提高羊肉嫩度；同时沙葱及其醇提物能够显著提高血清中总蛋白和白蛋白的含量，促进肉羊对蛋白质的吸收。

关键词：沙葱及其提取物生产性能胴体特征肉品质血清生化指标小尾寒羊

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日粮添加沙葱及其提取物对羊肉膻味脂肪酸沉积及贮藏期肉品质的影响

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食品科学 2022年第11期43卷 49-56页

作者：刘旺景李书仪唐德富敖长金甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院甘肃兰州730070 内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院内蒙古呼和浩特010018

目的:研究舍饲肉羊日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物对背最长肌膻味脂肪酸沉积及货架期的影响,为降低羊肉膻味、延长零售羊肉的货架期、延缓羊肉氧化提供参考。方法:选取3月龄、体质量相近的小尾寒羊60只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只... 详细信息

目的:研究舍饲肉羊日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物对背最长肌膻味脂肪酸沉积及货架期的影响,为降低羊肉膻味、延长零售羊肉的货架期、延缓羊肉氧化提供参考。方法:选取3月龄、体质量相近的小尾寒羊60只,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复5只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,实验组分别在每只羊的基础日粮中添加沙葱粉、沙葱水提物和沙葱醇提物,添加剂量分别为10、3.4、2.8 g/d。实验持续75 d,其中预饲期15 d,正饲期60 d。饲喂结束后,从每组每个重复中选2只羊屠宰,取背最长肌用于膻味脂肪酸的检测,其余背最长肌样品分装于透气型聚氯乙烯包装袋中,置于冷藏柜((4.0±0.5)℃)冷藏,在9 d货架期内分别测定羊肉脂肪和蛋白质氧化程度、抗氧化能力、pH值、肉色、汁液损失率和微生物菌落生长。结果:1)与对照组相比,日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够高度显著抑制羊肉中3种膻味脂肪酸的沉积(P<0.001)。2)日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够高度显著降低背最长肌的酸价、过氧化值和挥发性盐基氮含量(P<0.001)。3)日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著提高总抗氧化能力(P<0.001)、总超氧化物歧化酶活力(P<0.001)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活力(P<0.05),极显著降低硫代巴比妥酸反应物值(P<0.01)。4)日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够极显著降低色相角(P<0.01),且日粮添加沙葱水提物能够显著降低黄蓝度(P<0.05)和汁液损失率(P<0.05),而添加沙葱粉仅能显著降低羊肉汁液损失率(P<0.05)。背最长肌pH值、肉色和汁液损失率随着贮藏期的延长而呈现不同的变化。5)日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够极显著降低背最长肌中的菌落总数(P<0.01)。结论:舍饲肉羊日粮中添加沙葱及其提取物能够显著降低背最长肌中膻味脂肪酸的沉积量,减缓羊肉脂肪和蛋白质氧化进程,提高背最长肌抗氧化能力,维持羊肉pH值和肉色,降低汁液损失率,抑制细菌生长,并改善羊肉品质。

关键词：沙葱膻味脂肪酸脂质氧化蛋白质氧化货架期

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沙葱及其提取物对舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪膻味物质代谢组特征的影响

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畜牧兽医学报 2022年第9期53卷 3029-3041页

作者：刘旺景唐德富敖长金甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院兰州730070 内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院呼和浩特010018

本试验旨在探究不同膻味水平舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪代谢组学特征。试验分为4组,每组15只小尾寒羊羔羊,其中各试验组分别饲喂沙葱粉(AMR)、沙葱水提物(AWE)及沙葱醇提物(AFE),对照组(CK)饲喂基础饲粮。试验结束后从各组中随机选择6只羊屠宰,... 详细信息

本试验旨在探究不同膻味水平舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪代谢组学特征。试验分为4组,每组15只小尾寒羊羔羊,其中各试验组分别饲喂沙葱粉(AMR)、沙葱水提物(AWE)及沙葱醇提物(AFE),对照组(CK)饲喂基础饲粮。试验结束后从各组中随机选择6只羊屠宰,采集背部皮下脂肪、尾部脂肪、肾周脂肪和大网膜脂肪样品,检测4-烷基支链脂肪酸(BCFA)的沉积量,并以此为依据筛选极高膻味水平样品和极低膻味水平样品。采用LC-MS的方法,探究不同膻味水平舍饲肉羊肾周脂肪代谢组学特征。结果表明:沙葱及其提取物能够改善除尾部脂肪外其它部位脂肪组织中(肾周脂肪、背部皮下脂肪和大网膜脂肪)3种支链脂肪酸,且肾周脂肪最为敏感,其中沙葱醇提物对降低肾周脂肪中3种支链脂肪酸的沉积量效果最佳(MOA P<0.001;MNA P=0.044;EOA P<0.001)。代谢组学研究发现,组氨酸代谢通路、甘油磷脂代谢通路、精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢通路及亚油酸代谢通路及其相关代谢产物可能与膻味相关物质的合成有关。综上所述,沙葱醇提物可能通过影响舍饲肉羊机体脂肪酸及氨基酸代谢通路,调控相关代谢产物的合成,进而影响4-烷基支链脂肪酸的合成,从而改善羊肉膻味。

关键词：肉羊脂肪组织代谢组学膻味 4-烷基支链脂肪酸

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