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Solar adaptive optics systems for the New Vacuum Solar Telescope at the Fuxian Lake Solar Observatory

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Astronomical Techniques and Instruments 2024年第2期1卷 95-104页

作者： Lanqiang Zhang Xuejun rao Hua Bao Youming Guo Jinsheng Yang Nanfei Yan Xian Ran Dingkang Tong Xinlong Fan Zhongyi Feng changhui rao National Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chengdu 610209China The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Adaptive optics(AO)is essential for high-quality ground-based observations with large telescopes because it counters the impact of wavefront aberrations caused by atmospheric turbulence.The new vacuum solar telescope(NVST)is one of the most important high-resolution solar observation instruments in the world.Three sets of solar adaptive optics systems have been developed and installed on this telescope:conventional adaptive optics,ground layer adaptive optics,and multi-conjugate adaptive optics.These have been in operation from 2018 to 2023.This paper details the development and application of solar adaptive optics on the NVST and discusses the newest instrumentation.

关键词： Solar observation Adaptive optics Multi-conjugate adaptive optics

High-resolution visible imaging with piezoelectric deformable secondary mirror: experimental results at the 1.8-m adaptive telescope

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2023年第12期6卷 15-26页

作者： Youming Guo Kele Chen Jiahui Zhou Zhengdai Li Wenyu Han Xuejun rao Hua Bao Jinsheng Yang Xinlong Fan changhui rao The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China School of Electronic Electrical and Commutation EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China National Key Laboratory of Optical Field Manipulation Science and Technology Chengdu 610209China.

Integrating deformable mirrors within the optical train of an adaptive telescope was one of the major innovations in astronomical observation technology,distinguished by its high optical throughput,reduced optical surfaces,and the incorporation of the deformable mirror.Typically,voice-coil actuators are used,which require additional position sensors,internal control electronics,and cooling systems,leading to a very complex structure.Piezoelectric deformable secondary mirror technologies were proposed to overcome these problems.Recently,a high-order piezoelectric deformable secondary mirror has been developed and installed on the 1.8-m telescope at Lijiang Observatory in China to make it an adaptive telescope.The system consists of a 241-actuator piezoelectric deformable secondary mirror,a 192-sub-aperture Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor,and a multi-core-based real-time controller.The actuator spacing of the PDSM measures 19.3 mm,equivalent to approximately 12.6 cm when mapped onto the primary mirror,significantly less than the voicecoil-based adaptive telescopes such as LBT,Magellan and VLT.As a result,stellar images with Strehl ratios above 0.49 in the R band have been obtained.To our knowledge,these are the highest R band images captured by an adaptive telescope with deformable secondary mirrors.Here,we report the system description and on-sky performance of this adaptive telescope.

关键词： adaptive optics deformable secondary mirror visible imaging

Adaptive optics based on machine learning: a review

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2022年第7期5卷 38-57页

作者： Youming Guo Libo Zhong Lei Min Jiaying Wang Yu Wu Kele Chen Kai Wei changhui rao The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China The Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Adaptive optics techniques have been developed over the past half century and routinely used in large ground-based telescopes for more than 30 years.Although this technique has already been used in various applications,the basic setup and methods have not changed over the past 40 years.In recent years,with the rapid development of artificial in-telligence,adaptive optics will be boosted dramatically.In this paper,the recent advances on almost all aspects of adapt-ive optics based on machine learning are summarized.The state-of-the-art performance of intelligent adaptive optics are reviewed.The potential advantages and deficiencies of intelligent adaptive optics are also discussed.

关键词： adaptive optics machine learning deep learning

Ground-layer adaptive optics for the New Vacuum Solar Telescope:Instrument description and first results

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2023年第6期66卷 200-210页

作者： Lanqiang Zhang Hua Bao Xuejun rao Youming Guo Libo Zhong Xian Ran Nanfei Yan Jinsheng Yang Cheng Wang Jiahui Zhou Ying Yang Yunyao Long Xinlong Fan Zhongyi Feng Donghong Chen changhui rao The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209China The Laboratryon Adaptive Optics Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academyof SciencesChengdu 629China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Ground-layer adaptive optics(GLAO)has shown its potential for use in solar observation owing to its wide field-of-view(FOV)correction.A high-order GLAO system that consists of a multiple direction Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor(WFS),a realtime controller with a multi-CPU processor,and a 151-element deformable mirror was developed for the 1-m New Vacuum Solar Telescope at Yunnan Observatories,Chinese Academy of Sciences.A hexagonal microlens with 9×8 subapertures is employed in the WFS.The detection FOV is 42′′×37′′,in which 9(3×3)guide regions are extracted for multiple direction wavefront sensing with a frame rate of up to 2200 Hz.To our knowledge,this is the first professional solar GLAO system used as a regularly operating instrument for scientific observations.Its installation and adjustment were performed in the summer of 2021.In this article,a detailed account of the GLAO system and its first light results and a comprehensive analysis of the performance of the GLAO system are provided.The results show that this system can effectively improve the imaging quality after compensating for the wavefront aberration due to ground-layer turbulence.

关键词： adaptive and segmented optics solar instruments astronomical observations

First light of solar multi-conjugate adaptive optics at the 1-m new vacuum solar telescope

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2018年第8期61卷 100-103页

作者： changhui rao LanQiang Zhang Lin Kong YouMing Guo XueJun rao Hua Bao Lei Zhu LiBo Zhong The Key Laboratory on Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Observations play a leading role in any branches of astronomy,including solar physics.In order to solve fundamental problems,such as solar dynamo[1],coronal heating[2]and the triggering of major solar eruptions[3],solar observations with spatial resolution better than 0.1 arcsec are required.Such a goal cannot be achieved without the help of adaptive optics(AO),which eliminates the wavefront distortion caused by atmosphere turbulence[4,5].However,solar observations are performed over an extended field of

关键词：太阳光学望远镜真空多结空间分辨率天文学发电机

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空间引力波探测星载望远镜专题导读(二)

光电工程 2024年第2期51卷 1-4页

作者：顾乃庭王小勇汶德胜饶长辉周泽兵叶贤基自适应光学全国重点实验室四川成都610209 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院光电技术研究所四川成都610209 中国科学院自适应光学重点实验室四川成都610209 北京空间机电研究所北京100094 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所陕西西安710019 华中科技大学物理学院引力中心精密重力测量国家重大科技基础设施基本物理量测量教育部重点实验室湖北武汉430074 “天琴计划”教育部重点实验室天琴中心&物理与天文学院天琴前沿科学中心国家航天局引力波研究中心中山大学(珠海校区)广东珠海519082

探测空间引力波有望揭开更多的宇宙奥秘。在国家重点研发计划项目的支持下,《光电工程》组织了“空间引力波探测星载望远镜专题(二)”。专题围绕空间引力波探测星载望远镜设计与分析、建造与装调、测试与评估等几个方面介绍了近期的主... 详细信息

探测空间引力波有望揭开更多的宇宙奥秘。在国家重点研发计划项目的支持下,《光电工程》组织了“空间引力波探测星载望远镜专题(二)”。专题围绕空间引力波探测星载望远镜设计与分析、建造与装调、测试与评估等几个方面介绍了近期的主要研究进展,将为相关领域学者和专家提供技术研究的参考和合作交流的平台,并将积极推动我国空间引力波探测计划的研究进程。

关键词：星载望远镜空间引力波引力波探测天琴计划专题出版

空间引力波星载望远镜测试与评估技术研究进展

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光电工程 2024年第2期51卷 7-23页

作者：张兰强曾意吴小虎杨金生阮晓莉辛强顾乃庭饶长辉自适应光学全国重点实验室中国科学院光电技术研究所中国科学院大学山东高等技术研究院

在空间引力波探测任务中，星载望远镜承担太空超长干涉光路双向光束准直的重要作用。空间引力波探测对星载望远镜提出了pm级光程稳定性和低于10-10级后向杂散光水平的极高要求。超高水平指标要求超过了当前测试技术的精度极限，因此，... 详细信息

在空间引力波探测任务中，星载望远镜承担太空超长干涉光路双向光束准直的重要作用。空间引力波探测对星载望远镜提出了pm级光程稳定性和低于10-10级后向杂散光水平的极高要求。超高水平指标要求超过了当前测试技术的精度极限，因此，针对星载望远镜发展测试与评估技术并开展系统超高精度测试是空间引力波探测计划成功的重要前提。本文在概述国内外在研的空间引力波探测星载望远镜研制情况的基础上，重点围绕星载望远镜的核心技术指标——光程稳定性和后向杂散光，介绍了在研望远镜的测试技术发展现状和已经取得的部分测试成果，以及各研究单位进一步的测试计划，为我国的空间引力波探测的星载望远镜测试与评估技术发展提供参考。

关键词：空间引力波探测星载望远镜地面测试光程稳定性后向杂散光

空间引力波探测望远镜指向偏差地面高精度测量技术研究

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光电工程 2024年第2期51卷 96-107页

作者：宋奇林李杨周子夜肖亚维杨金生黄林海顾乃庭饶长辉自适应光学全国重点实验室四川成都610209 中国科学院大学北京100049 中国科学院光电技术研究所四川成都610209 中国科学院自适应光学重点实验室四川成都610209

星载望远镜是实现空间引力波探测的核心组成部分。由于各星座之间传输距离达到109 m量级,对望远镜指向精度提出了nrad量级的严苛要求,而指向偏差高精度测量和定标就成为实现空间引力波探测星载望远镜高精度指向的前提。为实现星载望远... 详细信息

星载望远镜是实现空间引力波探测的核心组成部分。由于各星座之间传输距离达到109 m量级,对望远镜指向精度提出了nrad量级的严苛要求,而指向偏差高精度测量和定标就成为实现空间引力波探测星载望远镜高精度指向的前提。为实现星载望远镜指向偏差地面测试及传感器定标需求,本文提出基于哈特曼原理的新型指向偏差高精度测量方法,采用多子孔径空间复用思想降低各类随机误差对测量精度的影响,显著提升了指向偏差测量精度。本文根据传感器参数与指向偏差测量精度之间的定量关系,对哈特曼传感器参数进行了分析优化,并分析了星载望远镜指向偏差测量精度。研究结果表明:采用基于哈特曼原理的多子孔径空间复用方法,可以实现对星载望远镜指向偏差0.62nrad的高精度测量,为空间引力波探测望远镜地面测试及在轨传感器定标提供了可行途径和参考。

关键词：星载望远镜指向偏差测量哈特曼多子孔径空间复用

The Influence of Filter Slit on the Imaging Performance of the Solar Grating Spectrometer Based on Adaptive Optics

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Optics and Photonics Journal 2015年第10期5卷 303-311页

作者： Lianhui Zheng changhui rao Naiting Gu Qi Qiu Key Laboratory of Adaptive Optics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China School of Optoelectronic Information University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Optics and Electronics Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China

The solar grating spectrometer is an essential tool to study the thermodynamics properties of the solar atmosphere with different height distributions, but its imaging performance will be degraded by the wavefront aberration generalized by the atmospheric turbulence. On the other hand, the narrow slit of the grating spectrometer will filter the wavefront aberration to some extent. The influence of the filter slit on the wavefront aberration and the correction requirement of the adaptive optics are analyzed theoretically and experimentally. We demonstrate that the influence of filter slit on the different types and magnitudes of wavefront aberration is different, and the RMS value of the wavefront aberration less than 0.3λ is down to below almost 60% after the filter slit, and it can lower the correction range requirement of the adaptive optics. The numerical simulation and experiment results show that: after the adaptive optics correction, the influence of the wavefront aberration on the spectral resolution is neglected, and the energy utilization is considerably improved;both numerical simulation and experiment results are in good agreement.

关键词： Solar Atmosphere Aberration Adaptive Optics Prototype Spectral Resolution