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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： chang-lin li,xu zhang~* institute of neuroscience and state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences, chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china

Objective The central afferent terminals of the primary sensory neurons release excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP) via exocytosis of synaptic vesicles and large dense-core vesicles(LDCVs),respectively.In response to stimulation,the intracellular Ca is increased, which triggers exocytosis of the synaptic vesicles and LDCVs.Some neuropeptides are synthesized in endoplasmic reticulum,processed in the Golgi complex,and sorted to LDCVs in cell body of small dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons. After budding off from the trans-Golgi network(TGN),LDCVs are delivered to axonal terminals for secretion.Although synaptic vesicles are suggested by some studies to be formed in TGN,they are proposed to be assembled and recycled locally in presynaptic terminals.And synaptic vesicle proteins are in the need to be delivered from soma to axon terminals via synaptic vesicle precursors.However,the transportation of these synaptic vesicle precursors to axon terminals is not clear.And whether there are the contents inside synaptic vesicle precursors remains unknown.Methods The localization of synaptic vesicle proteins(VGluT2,VAMP2,Synapsin and Synaptoporin) was identified by immunolabeling and vesicle immunoisolation.Subcellular fractionation with a sucrose gradient was used to separate different vesicle populations in rat spinal dorsal horn.And the secreted protein was determined by proteomic analysis of VGluT-2 containing fraction.The concentration of glutamate in VGluT2-containing synaptic vesicle precursors was determined by HPLC.Results(1) VGluT2,VAMP2 and synaptoporin were mainly present in small translucent vesicles from dorsal roots,but not in LDCVs indicated by CGRP.(2) VAMP2 was partly localized in VGluT2-positive vesicle precursors in dorsal roots,which was confirmed by the results of vesicle immunoisolation.(3) Synapsin was only partly localized in VGluT2-containing synaptic vesicle precursors in dorsal roots.(4) Proteomic analysis showed that

关键词： synaptic vesicle synaptic vesicle precursor LDCV secreted protein glutamate

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Pain research in china

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Science china(life sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 356-362页

作者： zhang xu institute of neuroscience,state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

In addition to investigating the anatomy,neurochemistry and neurophysiology of pain pathways,chinese researchers have extended their work into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of sensory afferent transmission at the spinal cord level as well as cognitive processing in the brain.The mechanism underlying acupuncture analgesia remains a subject of special interest for chinese pain researchers,with the aim of combining clinical practice with the understanding of pain transmission and analgesic mechanism.

关键词： dorsal root ganglion spinal cord nociception receptors ion channels gene expression

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Progress in glial cell studies in some laboratories in china

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Science china(life sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 330-337页

作者： DUAN ShuMin institute of neuroscience,state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai china,200031 institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Glial cells in the central nervous system(CNS) consist of a heterogeneous population of cell types,each characterized by distinct morphological features,physiological properties,and specific markers.In contrast to the previous view that glial cells were passive elements in the brain,accumulating evidence suggests that glial cells are active participants in various brain functions and brain disorders.This review summarizes recent progress of glial cell studies from several groups in china,ranging from studies about the mechanisms of neuron-glia crosstalking to investigations on the roles of glial cells in various CNS disorders.

关键词： neuron-glia interaction ATP plasticity pain ischemia neural injury and repair

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Synapse formation and remodeling

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Science china(life sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 315-321页

作者： LUO ZhenGe institute of neuroscience and state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china institute of neuroscience and state key laboratory of neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Synapses are specialized structures that mediate information flow between neurons and target cells,and thus are the basis for neuronal system to execute various functions,including learning and memory.There are around 1011 neurons in the human brain,with each neuron receiving thousands of synaptic inputs,either excitatory or inhibitory.A synapse is an asymmetric structure that is composed of pre-synaptic axon terminals,synaptic cleft,and postsynaptic compartments.Synapse formation involves a number of cell adhesion molecules,extracellular factors,and intracellular signaling or structural proteins.After the establishment of synaptic connections,synapses undergo structural or functional changes,known as synaptic plasticity which is believed to be regulated by neuronal activity and a variety of secreted factors.This review summarizes recent progress in the field of synapse development,with particular emphasis on the work carried out in china during the past 10 years(1999-2009).

关键词： synapse development neuronal activity synaptic plasticity

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Ion channels in neuronal survival

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Science china(life sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 342-347页

作者： WANG YiZheng & xu TianLe institute of neuroscience and state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china institute of neuroscience and state key laboratory of neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

The study of ion channels represents one of the most active fields in neuroscience research in china.In the last 10 years,active research in various chinese neuroscience institutions has sought to understand the mechanisms responsible for sensory processing,neural development and neurogenesis,neural plasticity,as well as pathogenesis.In addition,extensive studies have been directed to measure ion channel activity,structure-function relationships,as well as many other biophysical and biochemical properties.This review focuses on the progress achieved in the investigation of ion channels in neuronal survival during the past 10 years in china.

关键词： ion channels neuronal survival and ischemia.

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Visual neuroscience research in china

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Science china(life sciences) 2010年第3期53卷 363-373页

作者： YAO HaiShan,LU HaiDong & WANG Wei institute of neuroscience,state key laboratory of neuroscience,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

Historically,vision research in china was one of a few distinct research programs within the chinese academy of sciences(CAS).With improved funding opportunities and research environment in neuroscience,vision research at several research institutes within the academy has made significant progress not only in the quantity of publications,but also in the quality of the work.Based on our own expertise,this review is mainly focused on the findings that have advanced the understanding of visual processing in the central visual pathway,visual perceptual learning,visual development and eye diseases.

关键词： visual cortices contextual modulation feedback feature binding motion processing perceptual learning functional brain imaging eye movement visual development and senescence

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Cleavage of Supercoiled Circular Double-stranded DNA Induced by a Eukaryotic Cambialistic Superoxide Dismutase from Cinnamomum camphora

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第9期36卷 609-617页

作者： Bao-Zhong WANG, xu-Bin WEI&, and Wang-Yi liU* state key laboratory of Molecular Biology, institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200031, china state key laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China

A eukaryotic cambialistic superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been purified to homogeneity from mature seeds of the disease- and insect-resistant camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora). Besides the known role of this SOD in protecting cells against oxidative stress, it can induce the cleavage of supercoiled double-stranded DNA into nicked and linear DNA. It can not cleave linear DNA or RNA, demonstrating there is no DNase or RNase in the purified cambialistic SOD. Furthermore, the SOD can linearize circular pGEM-4Z DNA that is relaxed by topoisomerase I. This result indicates that the DNA-cleaving activity re- quires substrates being topologically constrained. The supercoiled DNA-cleaving activity of the cambialistic SOD can be inhibited by either SOD inhibitor (azide) or catalase and hydroxyl radical scavengers (ethanol and mannitol). The chelator of iron, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), also inhibits the supercoiled DNA-cleaving activity. These results show that the dismutation activity is crucial for the supercoiled DNA cleavage. The modification of tryptophan residue of the cambialistic SOD with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) shows that these two activities are structurally correlative. The reaction mechanism is proposed that the hydroxyl radical formed in a transition-metal-catalyzing Fenton-type reaction contributes to the DNA- cleaving activity. In addition, the cleavage sites in supercoiled pGEM-4Z DNA are random.

关键词： cambialistic SOD Fenton-type reaction hydroxyl radical relaxed circular duplex DNA supercoiled DNA cleavage

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Regulation of mammalian pre-mRNA splicing

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Science china(life sciences) 2009年第3期52卷 253-260页

作者： HUI JingYi state key laboratory of Molecular Biology,institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences,shanghai 200031,china state key laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

In eukaryotes,most protein-coding genes contain introns which are removed by precursor messenger RNA(pre-mRNA) splicing.Alternative splicing is a process by which multiple messenger RNAs(mRNAs) are generated from a single pre-mRNA,resulting in functionally distinct proteins.Recent genome-wide analyses of alternative splicing indicated that in higher eukaryotes alternative splicing is an important mechanism that generates proteomic complexity and regulates gene expression.Mis-regulation of splicing causes a wide range of human diseases.This review describes the current understanding of pre-mRNA splicing and the mechanisms that regulate mammalian pre-mRNA splicing.It also discusses emerging directions in the field of alternative splicing.

关键词： pre-mRNA splicing alternative splicing splicing regulation signal transduction microRNA

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Computational Identification of Novel Family Members of MicroRNA Genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2005年第2期37卷 7+76-87页

作者： Yang li Wei li You-Xin JIN state key laboratory of Molecular Biology,institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology.shanghai institutes for biological sciences,chinese academy of sciences.shanghai 200031.china state key laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031 China

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a class of endogenous small RNAs that play important regulatoryroles in both animals and plants,miRNA genes have been intensively studied in animals,but not in plants.Inthis study,we adopted a homology search approach to identify homologs of previously validated plantmiRNAs in Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa.We identified 20 potential miRNA genes in Arabidopsisand 40 in O.sativa,providing a relatively complete enumeration of family members for these miRNAs inplants.In addition,a greater number of Arabidopsis miRNAs(MIR168,MIR159 and MIR172)were found tobe conserved in rice.With the novel homologs,most of the miRNAs have closely related fellow miRNAs andthe number of paralogs varies in the different miRNA families.Moreover,a probable functional segmenthighly conserved on the elongated stem of pre-miRNA fold-backs of MIR319 and MIR159 family wasidentified.These results support a model of variegated miRNA regulation in plants,in which miRNAs withdifferent functional elements on their pre-miRNA fold-backs can differ in their function or regulation,andclosely related miRNAs can be diverse in their specificity or competence to downregulate target genes.Itappears that the sophisticated regulation of miRNAs can achieve complex biological effects through qualita-tive and quantitative modulation of gene expression profiles in plants.

关键词： microRNA post-transcriptional gene silencing rice Arabidopsis

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Expressional Analysis of an EREBP Transcription Factor Gene OsEBP-89 in Rice

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Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 2004年第1期36卷 21-26页

作者： Hui SHEN and Zong-Yang WANG( The state key laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, shanghai institutes for biological sciences,the chinese academy of sciences, shanghai 200032, china ) The state key laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China

OsEBP-89 gene encodes an ethylene responsive element binding protein (EREBP) transcription factor from rice (Oryza sativa). Northern blot analysis revealed that OsEBP-89 was expressed in root, stem, seeds, flowers and leaves. Histochemical assay showed that β-glucuronidase (GUS) was expressed mainly in phloem of vascular tissues of the root and stem transition region (RST), basal part of sheath roots, stem node and basal part of adventitious roots, also in endosperm of seeds in transgenic rice harboring OsEBP-89/GUS construct (pNSG). A sequence region from -279 to -97 was found to play an important role for OsEBP-89 gene expression through promoter deletion assay. The possible function of OsEBP-89 gene was discussed.

关键词： OsEBP-89 gene rice EREBP subfamily transcription factor tissue expression

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