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Effects of zinc fertilizer and short-term high temperature stress on wheat grain production and wheat flour proteins

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第9期17卷 1979-1990页

作者： TAO Zhi-qiang WANG De-mei chang xu-hong WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry of Agriculture

Content of wheat flour proteins affects the quality of wheat flour. Zinc nutrition in wheat can change the protein content of the flour. The inconsistency and instability of wheat grain quality during grain filling while under high temperature stress （HTS） are major problems in the production of high quality wheat. At present, there is a lack of studies on zinc fertilizer and HTS effects on wheat flour protein and the content of its components. For this study, treatment combinations of four levels of zinc fertilizers and exposure to a short-term HTS, at 20 d after flowering （D20）, were tested on two wheat cultivars with different gluten levels. Individuals of a strong gluten wheat, Gaoyou 2018 （GY2018）, and a medium gluten wheat, Zhongmai 8 （ZM8）, were grown in pots at the Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing in 2015-2017. We measured grain yield and weight and the activities of two enzymes （nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase） from the flag leaves, collected at D10 and D20. Total protein content, protein yield, and content of four protein components （albumin, gliadin, glutenin, and globulin） were measured from flour produced from the pot-grown plants. HTS significantly increased the contents of total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin in wheat grains, and reduced the grain yield, grain weight, protein yield, globulin content, and flag leaf nitrate reductase （NR） and glutamine synthetase （GS） activities. The results showed that HTS and zinc fertilizer had greater impacts on the strong gluten cultivar compared to the medium gluten cultivar. Under HTS, grain yield decreased by 13 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively; protein yield decreased by 7 and 8% in GY2018 and ZM8, respectively. Zinc fertilizer increased： grain and protein yields; grain weight; total protein, albumin, gliadin, and glutenin contents; protein yield; and NR and GS activities. In contrast, zinc fertilizer reduced the content of globulin. The add

关键词： Triticum aestivum L. zinc fertilizer strong gluten climate warming

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Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 566-578页

作者： tao zhi-qiang wang de-mei ma shao-kang yang yu-shuang zhao guang-cai chang xu-hong Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry ofAgriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Improving radiation use efficiency （RUE） of the canopy is necessary to increase wheat （Triticum aesfivum） production. Tridimensional uniform sowing （U） technology has previously been used to construct a uniformly distributed population structure that increases RUE. In this study, we used tridimensional uniform sowing to create a wheat canopy within which light was spread evenly to increase RUE. This study was done during 2014-2016 in the Shunyi District, Beijing, China. The soil type was sandy loam. Wheat was grown in two sowing patterns：（1） tridimensional uniform sowing （U）; （2） conventional drilling （D）. Four planting densities were used： 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 million plants ha-1. Several indices were measured to compare the wheat canopies： photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by the canopy （IPAR）, leaf area index （LAI）, leaf mass per unit area （LMA）, canopy extinction coefficient （K）, and RUE. In two sowing patterns, the K values decreased with increasing planting density, but the K values of U were lower than that of D. LMA and IPAR were higher for U than for D, whereas LAI was nearly the same for both sowing patterns. IPAR and LAI increased with increasing density under the same sowing pattern. However, the difference in IPAR and LAI between the 3.6 and 4.5 million plants ha-1 treatments was not significant for both sowing patterns. Therefore, LAI within the same planting density was not affected by sowing pattern. RUE was the largest for the U mode with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha-1 treatment. For the D sowing pattern, the lowest planting density （1.8 million plants ha-1） resulted in the highest yield. Light radiation interception was minimal for the D mode with a planting density of 1.8 million plants ha-1 treatment, but the highest RUE and highest yield were observed under this condition. For the U sowing pattern, IPAR increased with increasing planting density, but yield and RUE were the highest with a planting density of 3.6 millio

关键词： tridimensional uniform sowing extinction coefficient leaf area index leaf mass per unit area wheat

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Evolution of varieties and development of production technology in Egypt wheat: A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第3期18卷 483-495页

作者： Kishk Abdelmageed chang xu-hong WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai TAO Zhi-qiang Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of AgricultureBeijing 100081P.R.China Field Crops Research Institute Agricultural Research CenterGiza 12619Egypt

Wheat was the first crop grown in Egypt, and it remains highly important. Egypt is the largest wheat importer in the world and consumes an extensive amount of bread. It is imperative for wheat scientists to decrease the large gap between production and consumption. Wheat yields in Egypt increased 5.8-fold(6.7 billion kg) between 1961 and 2017 due to variety improvement and the use of better planting methods such as the raised bed method, ideal sowing date, surge flow irrigation and farm irrigation systems, laser levelling, fertilizers, and intercropping with raised beds. In this paper, the development of wheat production techniques and variety evolution over more than five decades in Egypt have been analyzed. In particular, we have focused on the technologies, cultural practices and causes for per unit area yield increase. The main purpose was to study the issues that have arisen during wheat production and to make recommendations for smart agricultural practices. In 1981, the yield was 3 300 kg ha–1 and through the improvement of varieties, expansion of agricultural land and the adoption of modern agricultural techniques yield reached 6 500 kg ha–1 by 2017. The production growth rate was 4.1% annually, and the total grain yield increased 4.3-fold, from 1.9 billion kg in 1981 to about 8.1 billion kg in 2017. The use of new improved varieties, new cultivation techniques, and modern irrigation techniques contributed to 97.0% of the increase in yield per unit area and 1.5% of the increase in yield was due to planting area expansion. Therefore, the increase in total yield mainly depended on the increase in yield per unit area. Wheat production in Egypt has been improved through the development of breeding and cultivation techniques. The use of these new techniques, the popularization of new high-quality seed varieties, and the use of the raised bed method instead of the old method of planting in basins have made the largest contributions to increased yield. In the futur

关键词： Egypt wheat production modern techniques raised bed water saving mechanization

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Heat stability of winter wheat depends on cultivars, timing and protective methods

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第8期19卷 1984-1997页

作者： LI Qiang chang xu-hong MENG Xiang-hai LI Ding ZHAO Ming-hui SUN Shu-luan LI Hui-min QIAO Wen-chen Dryland Farming Institute Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesHengshui 053000P.R.China Key Lab of Crop Drought Tolerance Research of Hebei Province Hengshui 053000P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081P.R.China

Heat stress negatively affects wheat production in many regions of the *** present,sensitivity to heat stress remains one of the least understood aspects of wheat genetics and breeding,and measures for preventing heat stress are *** this study,we used three cultivars of winter wheat(GY2018,SL02-1 and SY20)to evaluate the effect of heat stress at different days after anthesis(DAA)on yield and *** stability of the cultivars were analyzed and evaluated for the effects of two kinds of regulators on wheat under heat stress *** treatment at 7 DAA led to the most substantial reduction in yield while GY2018 had the best heat stability with respect to yield,and demonstrated the most positive effects on several quality traits including protein content,sedimentation volume and glutenin and gliadin *** treatment at 14 DAA had the least reduction in yield,while SY20 had the best heat stability with respect to yield and heat treatment had minimal effects on *** treatment at 21 DAA had only a limited effect on yield,while SL02-1 had the best heat stability with respect to yield,but it showed the most negative effects on *** time at 14 DAA and protein content at 21 DAA can be used as indicators for detecting the stability of quality under heat *** the three studied cultivars,SY20 was the most sensitive to heat stress with the stable time decreasing from 26.4 to 9.1 min,a higher sedimentation volume at 7 DAA,and a lowerγ-gliadin content which increased 2.4-fold under high-temperature *** addition of various regulators had different effects:potassium dihydrogen phosphate(KDP)was more protective of yield with heat stress at 7 DAA,while Duntianbao(DTB)had better effects on quality with heat stress at 21 DAA.

关键词： wheat high temperature heat stability yield quality prevention

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An economic and viable approach to improve wheat quality in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau,China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第8期21卷 2227-2240页

作者： WANG Yu-jiao TAO Zhi-qiang WANG De-mei WANG Yan-jie YANG Yu-shuang ZHAO Guang-cai SHI Shu-bing chang xu-hong College of Agronomy Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and EcologyMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081P.R.China

Wheat flour products are the main dietary component of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau(QTP)population in ***,the high altitude restricts the local wheat quality and quantity,and the applied nitrogen rate is higher than the optimal rate for wheat *** this study,we considered whether reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and introducing the superior varieties from the North China Plain(NCP)are viable ways to increase the wheat quality and quantity in the *** and four winter wheat cultivars from QTP and NCP,respectively,were planted in Lhasa at an altitude of 3647 m with reduced topdressing nitrogen application at the jointing *** wheat from NCP exhibited higher grain hardness index and test weight,and better flour and dough *** the topdressing nitrogen fertilizer from 135 to 75 kg N ha^(-1) at the jointing stage(with the same basal fertilization of 105 kg N ha^(-1) did not significantly(P<0.05)affect the grain yield,grain quality,flour quality or dough quality in any of the *** summary,introducing high-quality winter wheat varieties from the NCP to the Lhasa plateau is a viable way to enhance the wheat supply and quality in the *** a certain amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is an economic and feasible approach for the QTP region.

关键词： Triticum variety introduction wheat quality high altitude nitrogen

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Analyses and Countermeasures of Current British-American Literature Course Teaching for English Major Students in China

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Sino-US English Teaching 2015年第12期12卷 953-958页

作者： WANG hong-chang xu Zhong-ming Nanhu College of Jiaxing University Jiaxing China

Tremendous data and materials indicate that British-American literature course, as the compulsive course for English major students, has been overlooked by the authority of various administrative departments and students as well. The majorities of teachers and students have formed the conception of attaching more importance to skill-gaining than literature-acquisition. Furthermore, there are large quantities of questionnaires and analyses conducted by the author in this essay; meanwhile, this essay offers some countermeasures to solve the current situation of British-American literature course

关键词： British-American literature English major students analyses countermeasures

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Constructing 2D bismuth-based heterostructure for highly efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction

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Tungsten 2025年第1期7卷 71-79页

作者： Ruo-Hang xu Hao-Yu Jiang Dan-Dan Cui Kun-Rong Du hong-Run Zhang Sheng-Jie xu Ya-Qi Li Zhi-Zhen Ren Liang Wang Wei-chang Hao Yi Du School of Physics and BUAA-UOW Joint Research Centre Beihang University Shenzhen Institute of Beihang University Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy School of Environment and Science Griffith University

Reforming carbon dioxide（CO2） into fuels and valuable chemicals using solar energy holds significant potential for emission reduction and addressing energy supply *** recombination of photocarriers remains a major obstacle,however,to enhancing solar energy conversion efficiency in the photocatalytic reaction *** two-dimensional materials,constructing heterogeneous structures has emerged as an effective strategy to enhance the separation of photoexcited carriers by leveraging the internal electric field at the heterogeneous ***,we present a facile strategy for preparing Bi4NbO8Br/Bi2WO6plate-on-plate Z-scheme junctions with a strong internal electric field by in situ *** unique heterostructure facilitates efficient separation and transport of photoexcited charges by harnessing the internal electric field induced by chemical bonding at the lateral ***,the Bi4NbO8Br/Bi2WO6heterostructure exhibits enhanced CO2photoreduction properties,along with a CO yield rate of approximately 35 μmol·g-1·h-1under full light *** work offers novel insights into the synthesis of unique hetero structures intended to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic CO2reduction.

关键词： Bi4NbO8Br/Bi2WO6 CO2 reduction Heterostructures Photocatalysts

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Tailoring Light–Matter Interactions in Overcoupled Resonator for Biomolecule Recognition and Detection

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Nano-Micro Letters 2025年第1期17卷 262-280页

作者： Dongxiao Li hong Zhou Zhihao Ren Cheng xu Chengkuo Lee Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS(CISM) National University of SingaporeSingapore 117608Singapore

Plasmonic nanoantennas provide unique opportunities for precise control of light–matter coupling in surface-enhanced infrared absorption(SEIRA)spectroscopy,but most of the resonant systems realized so far suffer from the obstacles of low sensitivity,narrow bandwidth,and asymmetric Fano resonance ***,we demonstrated an overcoupled resonator with a high plasmon-molecule coupling coefficient(μ)(OC-Hμresonator)by precisely controlling the radiation loss channel,the resonator-oscillator coupling channel,and the frequency detuning *** observed a strong dependence of the sensing performance on the coupling state,and demonstrated that OC-Hμresonator has excellent sensing properties of ultra-sensitive(7.25%nm^(−1)),ultra-broadband(3–10μm),and immune asymmetric Fano *** characteristics represent a breakthrough in SEIRA technology and lay the foundation for specific recognition of biomolecules,trace detection,and protein secondary structure analysis using a single array(array size is 100×100μm^(2)).In addition,with the assistance of machine learning,mixture classification,concentration prediction and spectral reconstruction were achieved with the highest accuracy of 100%.Finally,we demonstrated the potential of OC-Hμresonator for SARS-CoV-2 *** findings will promote the wider application of SEIRA technology,while providing new ideas for other enhanced spectroscopy technologies,quantum photonics and studying light–matter interactions.

关键词： Plasmonic nanoantennas Light-matter interaction Surface-enhanced infrared absorption Overcoupled Biosensing

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Rock fracture mechanism of buffer blasting with cushion layer at the borehole bottom

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2025年第2期32卷 325-334页

作者： Xinguang Zhu Chenxi Ding Zhe Sui hong Su xu Guo School of Civil and Resources Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing)Beijing 100083China School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering Anhui University of Science and TechnologyHuainan 232001China

This study primarily investigates the rock fracture mechanism of bottom cushion layer blasting and explores the effects of the bottom cushion layer on rock *** involves analyses of the evolution patterns of blasting stress,characteristics of crack distribution,and rock fracture features in the ***,blasting model experiments were carried out using the dynamic caustics principle to investigate the influence of bottom cushion layers and initiation methods on the integrity of the bottom rock *** experimental results indicate that the combined use of bottom cushion layers and inverse initiation effectively protects the integrity of the bottom rock ***,the process of stress wave propagation and dynamic crack propagation in rocks was simulated using the continuum-discontinuum element method(CDEM)and the Landau explosion source model,with varying thicknesses of bottom cushion *** numerical simulation results indicate that with increasing cushion thickness,the absorption of energy generated by the explosion becomes more pronounced,resulting in fewer cracks in the bottom rock *** illustrates the positive role of the cushion layer in protecting the integrity of the bottom rock mass.

关键词： bottom cushion layer blasting crack propagation continuum-discontinuum element method dynamic stress intensity factor

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Recent progress on photoactive nonprecious transition-metal complexes

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Science China Chemistry 2025年第1期68卷 46-95页

作者： Zhong-Liang Gong hong-Jie Zhang Yan Cheng Jianxun Liu Yuhan Ai Yaqin Li Zhihui Feng Qiong Zhang Shaolong Gong Yong Chen chang-Jiang Yao Yuan-Yuan Zhu Liang-Jin xu Yu-Wu Zhong CAS Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Structural Cemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction EngineeringHefei University of Technology State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection School of Mechatronical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials Wuhan University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials & CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory on New Materials Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences

Photoactive complexes of nonprecious transition metals, mainly including those in the first-row and partially the second-row of the Periodic table of elements, have received increasing attention in view of their low cost and long-term sustainability. They are recognized as promising alternatives to noble transition metal complex congeners that have been extensively studied in optoelectronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, photocatalysis, biodiagnostics, and therapeutics, etc. This review is devoted to a comprehensive summary on the classical and recent advances on photoactive nonprecious transition metal complexes, including photoactive Zr, V, Cr, Mo, and W complexes, Mn complexes and hybrids, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes, and Zn and Cd complexes and hybrids. A particular focus is given on the molecular design, modulation of photophysical and photochemical properties, and applications of the representative and lately-developed nonprecious metal complexes. In addition, a perspective on the future development in this field is provided at the end of this review.

关键词： photoactive metal complexes earth-abundant metals nonprecious metal complexes luminescence photochemistry

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