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Long-term trends and response of wet ammonia deposition to changes in anthropogenic emissions in the Pearl River delta of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第5期151卷 373-386页

作者： Mingyue Li Lyumeng Ye Ming chang Weihua Chen Shuidi he Buqing Zhong Xuemei wang Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality Institute for Environmental and Climate ResearchJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China South China Institute of Environmental Sciences The Ministry of Ecology and Environment of PRCGuangzhou 510530China Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China

The Pearl River Delta(PRD)region has been identified as a significant hotspot of wet ammonium ***,the absence of long-term monitoring data in the area hinders the comprehension of the historical trends and changes in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition in response to emissions,which interferes with the ability to make effective *** study has analyzed the long-term trends of wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition flux and has quantified the effect of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological factors at a typical urban site and a typical forest site in the PRD region from 2009 to *** revealed a significant decreasing trend in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N flux in both the typical urban and forest areas of the PRD region,at-6.2%/year(phe wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition trend over the past 12 years compared to meteorological *** conditions dominated the interannual fluctuations in wet NH_(4)^(+)-N deposition with an absolute contribution of 46%–52%,while anthropogenic emissions change alone explained 10%–31%.NH_(3)emissions have the greatest impact on the urban area among anthropogenic emission factors,while SO_(2)emissions have the greatest impact on the forest ***,precipitation was identified as the primary meteorological driver for both *** findings also imply that the benefits of NH_(3)emissions reductions might not immediately emerge due to interference from weather-related factors.

关键词： Long-term trends Inter-annual variation Wet ammonium deposition Anthropogenic emission change Meteorological condition The Pearl River Delta region

Omnidirectional simulation analysis of thermomechanical coupling mechanism in inertia friction welding of Ni-based superalloy

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 202-216页

作者： chang-an LI Guoliang QIN Hao wang School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong UniversityJinan 250061China

The coupling between heat and pressure is the kernel of inertia friction welding(IFW)and is still not fully understood.A novel 3D fully coupled finite element model based on a plastic friction pair was developed to simulate the IFW process of a Ni-based superalloy and reveal the omnidirectional thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism of the friction *** numerical model successfully simulated the deceleration,deformation processes,and peak torsional moments in IFW and captured the evolution of temperature,contact pressure,and *** simulated results were validated through measured thermal history,optical macrography,and axial *** results indicated that interfacial friction heat was the primary heat source,and plastic deformation energy only accounted for 4%of the *** increase in initial rotational speed and friction pressure elevated the peak temperature,reaching a maximum of 1525.5K at an initial rotational speed of 2000 r/min and friction pressure of 400 *** interface heat generation could form an axial temperature gradient exceeding 320K/*** radial inhomogeneities of heat generation and temperature were manifested in a concentric ring distribution with maximum heat flux and temperature ranging from 2/5 to 2/3 *** radial inhomogeneities were caused by increasing linear velocity along the radius and an opposite distribution of contact pressure,which could reach 1.7 times the set pressure at the *** circumferential inhomogeneity of thermomechanical distribution during rotary friction welding was revealed for the first time,benefiting from the 3D *** deflection and transformation of distribution in contact pressure and Mises stress were indicators of plastic deformation and transition of quasi-steady state *** critical Mises stress was 0.5 times the friction pressure in this *** presented modeling provides a reliable insight into the thermo-mechanical coupling mechanism of IFW and lays a solid found

关键词： Inertia friction welding Thermo-mechanical coupling Inhomogeneity Numerical simulation Ni-based superalloy

Underground laboratories·Deep underground observation·Scientific questions——Insights from observations of multi-physic fields in deep underground labs

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Science China Earth Sciences 2025年第2期68卷 343-362页

作者： Huiqi REN Yun wang chang CheN Guangyu FU Longqing QIU Lianghui GUO Chengliang XIE Yongsheng he heping SUN Jiwen TENG Institute of Defense Engineering Academy of Military SciencesBeijing 100850China State Kay Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Key Laboratory of Intraplate Volcanoes and EarthquakesMinistry of EducationChina University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430077China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China

This paper presents a comprehensive review on recent development and research conducted in domestic and international underground laboratories. We first introduce the differences in three environments—surface, mountain tunnel cavities and underground coal mine tunnels—by examining cosmic ray background, ambient noises related to gravity and seismic measurement, and electromagnetic noises in magnetic and magnetotelluric measurements. We highlight potential misuse of the term Underground Lab or Deep Underground Lab when describing observations in different physical fields. We introduce unique features of underground coal mine tunnels in China, such as large spaces, ultra-quiet conditions, and ultra-clean environments. When comparing with mountain tunnel cavities and borehole observations, coal mine tunnel observations have superior long-term stability and high precision. Through observations and comparisons of multi-physic fields at surface and the deep underground, we find that the higher SNR seismic observations conducted in deep underground tunnels in coal mines are beneficial to improve velocity tomography of the solid earth. The gravity observation with a Superconducting Quantum Interference Device(SQUID) makes it possibly to capture slow earthquake, which has not been observed previously in the Chinese mainland. SQUID magnetic observations can detect fluctuations as weak as femto-Tesla(fT), enabling us to explore the attenuation of Schumann Resonance down to the solid Earth. This opens opportunities to investigate the connections between the Earth's magnetic field and the interactions within the human brain and heart. To improve the precision of quantum measurement,we should consider the possible effects of weak magnetic disturbances in deep underground environments. Finally, we discuss the importance of deep underground laboratories, observing facilities and techniques deployed in these laboratories, and their possible connection with respect to “deep space” an

关键词： Deep underground Multi-physic fields Super-high precision Slow earthquake Schumann Resonance Quantum measurement

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Effect of initial microstructure on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 0.12C martensitic steels during quenching and tempering

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research International 2025年第1期32卷 260-269页

作者： Ya-ru wang Zi-yong Hou he Yang Jun Zhao Zhi-yuan chang Fan-mao Meng Ling Zhang Gui-lin Wu Xiao-xu Huang State Key Laboratory of Vanadium and Titanium Resource Comprehensive Utilization Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced FerrometallurgySchool of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai UniversityShanghai 200444China International Joint Laboratory for Light Alloys(Ministry of Education) College of Materials Science and EngineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Institute of Steel Technology for Automobile and Household Appliance Pangang Group Co.Ltd.Panzhihua 617000SichuanChina ATB Motor(Shanghai)Co. Ltd.Keen International CenterShanghai 200041China Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

The microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of a Fe-0.12C-0.2Si-1.6Mn-0.3Cr-0.0025B(wt.%)steel with different initial microstructures,i.e.,hot rolled(HR)and cold rolled-annealed(CRA),were studied through optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron channeling contrast imaging,microhardness and room temperature uniaxial tensile *** water quenching from 930℃ to room temperature,a fully martensitic microstructure was obtained in both as-quenched HR and CRA specimens,which shows a microhardness of 480±5 HV,and no significant difference in microstructure and microhardness was *** test results show that the product of tensile strength and total elongation(UTS×TE)of the as-quenched HR specimen,i.e.,24.1 GPa%,is higher than that of the as-quenched CRA specimen,i.e.,18.9 GPa%.While,after being tempered at 300℃,the martensitic microstructures and mechanical properties of the two as-quenched specimens change significantly due to the synergy role of the matrix phase softening and the precipitation *** the maximum UTS×TE,it is 18.9 GPa%obtained in the as-quenched CRA one,while that is 24.4 GPa%obtained in the HR specimen after tempered at 300℃ for 5 min.

关键词： Initial microstructure Lath martensite Quenching Tempering Mechanical property

Release characteristics of arsenic from sediments and its source or sink competition with phosphorus:A case of a great lake with grass-algae alternation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第3期149卷 278-287页

作者： Shuhang wang Yongsheng chang Wei Huang Dianhai Yang Feifei Che State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China College of Environmental Science and Engineering Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China

The arsenic(As)release from sediments in great lakes is affected by various *** this study,the characteristics of As release fromsediments was investigated,and the As sources and sinks with the strengths in sediments from different areas(grass-type,algae-type,and grass-algae alternation areas)in great shallow lakes(Taihu Lake,China)were analyzed,and the influence of P competition in the process of As release was also *** results showed that changing trend of the values of equilibrium As concentration in sediments were consistent with the regional changes(0 to 28.12μg/L),and the sediments from algaetype areas had the higher *** sediments from western lake and northwest lake bay were a strong As and a weak P source,and the north lake bay had the opposite trend of these two *** P source competition with As from the sediments occurred in algae-type *** grass-type areas had strong As and P retention capacities,indicating a sink role of sediment with high As and P sorption *** degree of As and P saturation had similar trend in sediments,and the grass-type areas had the higher values,18.3%-21.4%and 15.31%-20.34%,*** analysis results showed that most of As release contribution was from the bottom(30-50 cm)sediments,and the surface(0-10 cm)sediments from algae-type areas contributed more to the overlying water than other region.

关键词： Arsenic Phosphorus Sediment Source and sink Contribution

Ozonolysis of ketoprofen in polluted water:Reaction pathways,kinetics,removal efficiency,and health effects

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2025年第1期147卷 451-461页

作者： Qiong Mei Zhaoxu Qiu Jinchan Jiang Mingxue Li Qizhao wang Maoxia he School of Land Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Land ConsolidationChang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China School of Water and Environment Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Environment Research Institute Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Weihai Water Conservancy Service Center Weihai 264200China

Ketoprofen(KET),as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug frequently detected in aqueous environments,is a threat to human health due to its accumulation and low biodegradability,which requires the transformation and degradation of KET in aqueous *** this paper,the reaction process of ozone-initiated KET degradation in water was investigated using density functional theory(DFT)method at the M06-2X/6-311++g(3df,2p)//M06-2X/6-31+g(d,p)*** detailed reaction path of KET ozonation is *** thermodynamic results show that ozone-initiated KET degradation is *** ultraviolet irradiation,the reaction of ozone with water can also produce OH radicals(HO·)that can react with *** degradation reaction of KET caused by HO·was further *** kinetic calculation illustrates that the reaction rate(1.99×10-1(mol/L)^(-1)sec^(-1))of KET ozonation is relatively slow,but the reaction rate of HO·reaction is relatively high,which can further improve the degradation *** this basis,the effects of pollutant concentration,ozone concentration,natural organic matter,and pH value on degradation efficiency under UV/O3 process were *** ozonolysis reaction of KET is not sensitive to pH and is basically ***,the toxicity prediction of oxidation compounds produced by degradation reaction indicates that most of the degradation products are harmless,and a few products containing benzene rings are still toxic and have to be *** study serves as a theoretical basis for analyzing the migration and transformation process of anti-inflammatory compounds in the water environment.

关键词： Ozonolysis,Ketoprofen Degradation mechanisms OH radicals Aquatic toxicity Degradation efficiency

TavWA1 is critical for wheat growth by modulating cell morphology and arrangement

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2025年第1期67卷 71-86页

作者： Guowei chang Yue Li Lei Peng Chuncai Shen Yipeng Lu Wan Teng Yangyang Liu Yingchun wang Weiqi Zhu Cuimin Liu Xue he Yiping Tong Xueqiang Zhao Key Laboratory of Seed Innovation Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyThe Innovative Academy of Seed DesignChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Zhaoxian Experiment Station Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry SciencesZhaoxian 515300China

Plant growth is determined by the production of cells and initiation of new *** genes that control cell number and cell size is of great significance for understanding plant growth *** this study,we characterized two wheat mutants,ah and dl,with abnormal *** ah mutant is a naturally occurring variant characterized by severe dwarfism,increased tiller number,and reduced grain length,while the dl mutant is derived from an ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-mutagenized population and exhibits smaller grain size and slightly reduced plant *** analyses revealed abnormal cell number,cell morphology and arrangement in the stems and leaves of the ah mutant,along with reduced cell length in the grains of the dl ***-based cloning identified that both mutants carry mutations in the same gene TavWA1-7D,which encodes a protein with a von Willebrand factor A(vWA)*** ah mutant harbors a 174-bp insertion in the 1,402-bp coding sequence(CDS)of TavWA1-7D,causing premature termination of protein translation,while the dl mutant contains a Glu420Lys *** the TavWA1-7D ahthrough clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9-mediated genome editing leads to a severe dwarfism *** C-terminus of the protein is crucial for its correct subcellular localization and interaction,supporting its critical role for TavWA1-7D *** analysis showed that the dwarf phenotype of the ah mutant is associated with impaired photosynthesis,ribosome function,and nucleosome ***,TavWA1-7D interacts with an E3 ligase,Ta VIP1-3B,the expression levels of which are elevated in both *** and knockout studies of TaVIP1-3B demonstrated its negative regulatory role in cell length and grain ***,our findings suggest that TavWA1-7D plays a vital role in regulating wheat growth and yield-related traits,with the dl mutant's short grain phen

关键词： grain size severe dwarf TaVIP1 TavWA1 wheat

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Long-duration aqueous Zn-ion batteries achieved by dual-salt highly-concentrated electrolyte with low water activity

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2025年第2期101卷 778-785页

作者： Lvzhang Jiang Lingbo Yao Gege wang chang Liu Xiaowei Chi Yu Liu Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Aqueous Zn-ion batteries have attracted much attention due to their unique high safety and low-cost ***,their practical applications are at a slow pace due to their short cycle life,which fundamentally results from the instability of the positive/negative electrode interface in the traditional dilute aqueous electrolytes with high water *** highly concentrated electrolyte（HCE）has been considered as an effective *** previous studies of single salt-based HCE（SSHCE）,herein,a new dual-salt HCE（15 m ZnCl2+10 m NH4NH2SO3DS-HCE） was proposed for the first ***-HCE was proven to simultaneously possess higher conductivity than traditional dilute electrolytes and ultralow water activity of SS-HCE by the regulation of dual high-concentration salts on the solvation structure,which renders the Zn‖Zn symmetric cell the record-long cycling life of 2200 h compared with those with SS-HCE（30 m ZnCl2,300 h） and other reported ***,the Zn‖NH4V4O10full cell with DS-HCE demonstrated impressed rate capability within a wide-range current densities from 0.1 to 10 A ***,at the high current density of 5 A g-1,the full cell shows almost100% capacity retention after 4000 cycles,which indicates the promising future of the DS-HCE system for long-duration aqueous Zn-ion batteries.

关键词： Ammonium vanadate Aqueous zinc battery Cycling stability Electrolyte

Status analysis on sputtering and erosion evaluation methods of ion optic systems

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2025年第1期38卷 254-270页

作者： Long MIAO Tongxun YANG Zhengxi ZHU chang LU Zhiwen WU Ningfei wang School of Aerospace Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Chongqing Innovation Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyChongqing 404100China Advanced Aerospace Power and Energy Research Center Beijing Institute of TechnologyZhuhai 519088China

In the past few decades,ion engines have been widely used in deep-space propulsion and satellite *** aim of extending the thruster lifetime is still one of the most important parts during the design stage of ion *** one of the core components of ion engine,the grid assembly of ion optic systems may experience long-term ion sputtering in extreme electro-thermal environments,which will eventually lead to its structural and electron-backstreaming *** this paper,the current studies of the grid assembly erosion process are systematically analyzed from the aspects of sputtering damage process of grid materials,numerical simulations,and measurements of erosion characteristics of grid *** advantages and disadvantages of various erosion prediction models are highlighted,and the key factors and processes affecting the prediction accuracy of grid assembly erosion patterns are *** different types of experimental methods of grid assembly erosion patterns are *** analysis in this paper is of great importance for selecting the sputter-resistant grid materials,as well as establishing the erosion models and measurement methods to accurately determine the erosion rate and failure modes of grid ***,the working conditions and structure parameters of ion optic systems could be optimized based on erosion models to promote the ion engine lifetime.

关键词： Electric propulsion Ion optic systems Sputtering yield Erosion characteristics Erosion pattern measurement Lifetime evaluation