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Roles of host proteases in the entry of sARs-CoV-2

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 27-39页

作者： Alexandria Zabiegalal Yunjeong Kim Kyeong-ok chang Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State University1800 Denison Avenue ManhattanKS 66506USA

The spike protein(s)of sARs-CoV-2 is responsible for viral attachment and entry,thus a major factor for host suscep-tibility,tissue tropism,virulence and *** s is divided with s1 and s2 region,and the s1 contains the receptor-binding domain(RBD),while the s2 contains the hydrophobic fusion domain for the entry into the host *** host proteases have been implicated in the activation of sARs-CoV-2 s through various c leavage *** this article,we review host proteases including furin,trypsin,transmembrane protease serine 2(TMPRss2)and cathepsins in the activation of sARs-CoV-2 *** betacoronaviruses including sARs-CoV-2 have polybasic residues at the s1/s2 site which is subjected to the cleavage by *** s1/s2 cleavage facilitates more assessable RBD to the receptor ACE2,and the binding triggers further conformational changes and exposure of the s2'site to proteases such as type Il transmembrane serine proteases(TTPRs)including *** the presence of TMPRss2 on the target cells,sARs-CoV-2 can utilize a direct entry route by fusion of the viral envelope to the cellular *** the absence of TMPRss2,sARs-CoV-2 enter target cells via endosomes where multiple cathepsins cleave the s for the successful *** host proteases involved in the cleavage of the s were *** article also includes roles of 3C-like protease inhibitors which have inhibitory activity against cathepsin L in the entry of sARs-CoV-2,and discussed the dual roles of such inhibitors in virus replication.

关键词： sARs-CoV-2 spike protein(s) Host proteases Cleavage site Virus entry

Efficacy comparison between Mathieu combined urethral plate incision and onlay island flap urethroplasty for distal hypospadias in patients with urethral plate stenosis

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第4期26卷 433-438页

作者： Tao Zhang An-bang Zhu chang-Kun Mao Yong-sheng Cao Department of Urology Anhui Provincial Children’s HospitalHefei 230000China The Fifth school of Clinical Medicine Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230000China.

The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of Mathieu combined urethral plate incision(Mathieu-IP)versus onlay island flap urethroplasty in patients with distal hypospadias complicated by urethral *** clinical data of 70 patients with distal hypospadias complicated by urethral plate stenosis treated in the Department of Urology,Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital(Hefei,China),from May 2019 to May 2022,were retrospectively ***-eight patients underwent Mathieu-IP(Mathieu-IP group)and 32 underwent onlay island flap urethroplasty(Onlay group).Follow-ups at 1 month,6 months,and 12 months postoperatively assessed operative time,complications,urethral meatus morphology,and family *** Mathieu-IP group had significantly shorter operative time(mean±standard deviation[s.d.]:81.58±5.18 min)versus the Onlay group(mean±s.d.:110.75±6.05 min;Psurgical success rates were 78.9%(Mathieu-IP group)and 75.0%(Onlay group),with no significant difference(P>0.05).Complications were comparable between the *** Mathieu-IP group resulted in a vertical slit-shaped urethral meatus in 89.5%versus 13.8%in the Onlay group(Psatisfaction with general penile appearance and skin shape showed no significant differences,but the Mathieu-IP group had higher satisfaction with meatal position(Ps simplicity,safety,and shorter operative time compared to *** the techniques effectively treat urethral plate stenosis in distal hypospadias,with reduced postoperative complications compared to tubularized incised plate ***-IP results in a vertical slit-shaped urethral meatus which enhances urinary stream,indicating its potential for broader adoption.

关键词： longitudinal urethral plate incision Mathieu onlay island flap urethroplasty urethral stenosis

Noncommutative analysis of Hermite expansions

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science China Mathematics 2024年第10期67卷 2331-2356页

作者： bang Xu Department of Mathematics University of HoustonHoustonTX 77204USA Department of Mathematical sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea

This paper is devoted to the study of semi-commutative harmonic analysis associated with Hermite semigroups. In the first part, we establish the noncommutative maximal inequalities for Bochner-Riesz means associated with Hermite operators and then obtain the corresponding pointwise convergence theorems. In particular, we develop a noncommutative version of stein's theorem of Bochner-Riesz means for Hermite operators. In the second part, we investigate two noncommutative multiplier theorems. Our approach in this part relies on a noncommutative analog of the classical Littlewood-Paley-stein theory associated with Hermite semigroups.

关键词： noncommutative L_(p)-spaces Hermite semigroup maximal inequalities pointwise convergence multipliers

A deep learning interatomic potential suitable for simulating radiation damage in bulk tungsten

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Tungsten 2024年第2期6卷 304-322页

作者： chang-Jie Ding Ya-Wei Lei Xiao-Yang Wang Xiao-Lin Li Xiang-Yan Li Yan-Ge Zhang Yi-Chun Xu chang-song Liu Xue-bang Wu Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China science Island University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China

so far, it has been a challenge for existing interatomic potentials to accurately describe a wide range of physical properties and maintain reasonable efficiency. In this work, we develop an interatomic potential for simulating radiation damage in body-centered cubic tungsten by employing deep potential, a neural network-based deep learning model for representing the potential energy surface. The resulting potential predicts a variety of physical properties consistent with first-principles calculations, including phonon spectrum, thermal expansion, generalized stacking fault energies, energetics of free surfaces, point defects, vacancy clusters, and prismatic dislocation loops. specifically, we investigated the elasticity-related properties of prismatic dislocation loops, i.e., their dipole tensors, relaxation volumes, and elastic interaction energies. This potential is found to predict the maximal elastic interaction energy between two 1/2 loops better than previous potentials, with a relative error of only 7.6%. The predicted threshold displacement energies are in reasonable agreement with experimental results, with an average of 128 eV. The efficiency of the present potential is also comparable to the tabulated gaussian approximation potentials and modified embedded atom method potentials, meanwhile, can be further accelerated by graphical processing units. Extensive benchmark tests indicate that this potential has a relatively good balance between accuracy, transferability, and efficiency.

关键词： Machine learning Deep learning Interatomic potential Radiation damage Tungsten

synergistic anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system with high emulsification efficiency for enhanced oil recovery in low permeability reservoirs

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Petroleum science 2024年第2期21卷 936-950页

作者： Hai-Rong Wu Rong Tan shi-Ping Hong Qiong Zhou bang-Yu Liu Jia-Wei chang Tian-Fang Luan Ning Kang Ji-Rui Hou National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Gas Production Plant 5 of PetroChina changqing Oilfield Company PetroChinaXi'an710000ShaanxiChina College of Petroleum Engineering China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China College of science China University of Petroleum-BeijingBeijing102249China Kazakh-British Technical University Almaty050000Kazakhstan

Emulsification is one of the important mechanisms of surfactant flooding. To improve oil recovery for low permeability reservoirs, a highly efficient emulsification oil flooding system consisting of anionic surfactant sodium alkyl glucosyl hydroxypropyl sulfonate(APGsHs) and zwitterionic surfactant octadecyl betaine(Bs-18) is proposed. The performance of APGsHs/Bs-18 mixed surfactant system was evaluated in terms of interfacial tension, emulsification capability, emulsion size and distribution, wettability alteration, temperature-resistance and salt-resistance. The emulsification speed was used to evaluate the emulsification ability of surfactant systems, and the results show that mixed surfactant systems can completely emulsify the crude oil into emulsions droplets even under low energy conditions. Meanwhile,the system exhibits good temperature and salt resistance. Finally, the best oil recovery of 25.45% is achieved for low permeability core by the mixed surfactant system with a total concentration of 0.3 wt%while the molar ratio of APGsHs:Bs-18 is 4:6. The current study indicates that the anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system can improve the oil flooding efficiency and is potential candidate for application in low permeability reservoirs.

关键词： Anionic/zwitterionic mixed surfactant system Emulsification synergistic effect Low permeability reservoir Enhanced oil recovery

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第5期45卷 819-836页

作者： D.LEE s.chang J.LEE Department of Automotive Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea school of Mechanical Engineering Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Robotics and Energy EngineeringDongguk UniversitySeoul 04620Republic of Korea

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random *** method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data *** the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random *** allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data *** substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing ***,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional *** numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

关键词： forward uncertainty quantification(UQ) generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE) static reanalysis method static condensation substructuring

Enhancing visible-light-driven NO oxidation through molecular‐level insights of dye-loaded sea sands

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Rare Metals 2024年第2期43卷 543-554页

作者： Yu-Han Li bang-Fu Chen sónia A.C.Carabineiro You-Yu Duan Ping Tan Wing-Kei Ho Fan Dong Engineering Research Center for Waste Oil Recovery Technology and Equipment Ministry of EducationChongqing Key Laboratory of Catalysis and New Environmental MaterialsChongqing Technology and Business UniversityChongqing400067China Nanchang Institute of Technology Nanchang33044China LAQV-REQUIMTE Department of ChemistryNOVA School of Science and TechnologyUniversidade NOVA de Lisboa2829-516CaparicaPortugal College of Physics and Center of Quantum Materials and Devices Chongqing UniversityChongqing401331China Department of science and Environmental studies The Education University of Hong KongHong Kong999077China

Natural minerals,abundant and easily obtained through simple physical processing,offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution for dyeing wastewater disposal and air pollution *** study investigates the photocatalytic removal of NO using natural different types of dyes,loaded on natural sand,under visible light *** examining various coating concentrations of dyes and sand weights,we discovered that sand loaded with Rhodamine B(RhB)exhibits high activity for the photo-oxidation of NO.A combination results of X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPs),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and thermogravimetric(TG)analyses confirm the presence of siO_(2),CaCO_(3),Al_(2)O_(3)and iron oxides as the main components of the ***,studying RhB-loaded individual components reveals that CaCO_(3)plays a crucial role in enhancing the NO removal *** results and theoretical calculations demonstrate the establishment of a directional charge transfer channel from CaCO_(3)to RhB,facilitating the adsorption and activation of molecular NO and O_(2).This work not only promotes the utilization of natural mineral resources but also enriches the fields of environmental photochemistry and semiconductor photocatalysis.

关键词： sand dyes Rhodamine B Photo-oxidation of NO Visible light illumination

Advancements and challenges in gastrointestinal imaging

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第33期12卷 6591-6594页

作者： Eun Jeong Gong chang s.ok bang Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University College of MedicineChun-cheon 24253Gangwon-doSouth Korea Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University College of MedicineChuncheon Sacred Heart HospitalChuncheon 24253Gangwon-doSouth Korea

A recent review by Gulinac et al,provides an in-depth analysis of current clinical issues and challenges in gastrointestinal *** editorial highlights the advancements in imaging techniques,including the integration of artificial intelligence and functional imaging modalities,and discusses the ongoing relevance of traditional nuclear medicine *** future of gastrointestinal imaging looks promising,with continuous improvements in resolution,enhanced ability to analyze color and texture beyond visual diagnosis,faster image processing,and the application of molecular imaging and nanoparticles expected to enhance diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

关键词： Imaging methods Gastrointestinal diseases Gastrointestinal tract Radiology Tumors of the gastrointestinal tract

Mechanical property and thermal shock behavior of tungsten-yttria-stabilized zirconia cermet fabricated by spark plasma sintering

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Tungsten 2024年第1期6卷 134-140页

作者： Lin-Chao Zhang Ke Jing Rui Liu Zhuo-Ming Xie Jun-Feng Yang Gang Li Xian-Ping Wang Xue-bang Wu Qian-Feng Fang chang-song Liu Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State PhysicsHFIPSChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of science and Technology of China Hefei 230026China science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory Nuclear Power Institute of ChinaChengdu 610041China

The cermet fuels have been considered as a potential key component for the nuclear thermal propulsion,and the homogeneity of the fuel particles in the metal matrix plays a crucial role in stabilizing the structure at extremely high *** this work,liquid paraffin was used as additive to improve the distribution of yttria-stabilized zirconia(YsZ,an appropriate surrogate for UO_(2) fuel)microspheres in the tungsten(W)matrix,and the W-YsZ cermet wafers(volume ratio 1:1)with a relative density of 97.6%were fabricated by spark plasma sintering with a specifically designed *** effects of the paraffin dosage(0-5 wt.%)on the homogeneity,microstructure,mechanical properties,and the thermal conductivity of W-YsZ cermet were *** W-YsZ sample with 2 wt.%paraffin shows the highest homogeneity and exhibits the best comprehensive properties,including the ultimate tensile strength of 132.2 MPa at 600℃,the bending strength of455 MPa and thermal conductivity of 50 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)at room ***,the cermet could keep structurally sound after thermal shocked at a heat load of 20 MW·m^(-2).These results would be helpful for the design and optimization of the cermet fuels in the nuclear thermal propulsion.

关键词： Nuclear thermal propulsion Tungsten Cermet Liquid paraffin Thermal shock