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Molecular mechanisms of protein induced hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第5期5卷 666-677页

作者： Suresh chandran Fabian Yap Khalid Hussain Department of Neonatology KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899 Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore Singapore 117598 Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School Singapore 169857 Singapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological University Singapore 308232 Singapore Department of Paediatric Endocrinology KK Wom-en’s and Children’s Hospital Singapore 229899 Singapore Departments of Paediatric Endocrinology Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London WC1N 3JH United Kingdom Developmental Endocrinology Research Group Molecular Genetics Unit Institute of Child Health University College London London WC1N 1EH United Kingdom

The interplay between glucose metabolism and that of the two other primary nutrient classes, amino acids and fatty acids is critical for regulated insulin secretion. Mitochondrial metabolism of glucose, amino acid and fatty acids generates metabolic coupling factors(such as ATP, NADPH, glutamate, long chain acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol) which trigger insulin secretion. The observation of protein induced hypoglycaemia in patients with mutations in GLUD1 gene, encoding the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH) and HADH gene, encoding for the enzyme short-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase has provided new mechanistic insights into the regulation of insulin secretion by amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. Metabolic signals arising from amino acid and fatty acid metabolism converge on the enzyme GDH which integrates both signals from both pathways and controls insulin secretion. Hence GDH seems to play a pivotal role in regulating both amino acid and fatty acid metabolism.

关键词： Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia KATP channel Glutamate dehydrogenase Hyperinsulinism/Hyperammonaemia syndrome Short-chain-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Glutamine

Investigation of Real Power Flow Control of AI Based MC-UPFC in FACTS Controllers

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Journal of Energy and Power Engineering 2020年第4期14卷 111-130页

作者： Boopalan chandran Saravanan Vasudevan Raghavendiran TA Anna University Chennai 600025India Arunai Engineering College Tiruvannamalai 606603India Sri venakateswara Engineering College for Women Tirupathi 517507India

The power consumption is rapidly increased due to ASD(Adjustable Speed Drives)and automation in industries and large consumption of electricity in domestic regions increased the concern of the power *** quality of the power received in the distribution system is altered because of the losses in the transmission *** losses in the transmission system are mitigated using the FACTS(Flexible AC Transmission System)controller,among these controllers UPFC(Unified Power Flow Controller)plays a vital role in controlling the shunt and series reactive powers in the bus of the power *** conventional topology of the UPFC consists of AC-DC converter and energy stored in the DC link and DC-AC converter injected a voltage in series to the bus which is to be *** a new topology based on matrix converter can replace the dual converters and perform the required *** construction of 2-bus,7-bus and IEEE-14-bus power system is designed and ***-UPFC(Matrix Converter Based Unified Power Flow Controller)is designed and *** MC-UPFC is the rich topology in the FACTS which is capable of controlling both the transmission parameters simultaneously with the switching technique of direct power control by the smooth sliding control which gives less ripple in the injecting control parameters such as control voltage(Vc)and voltage angle(α).By implementing MC-UPFC the real and reactive power can be controlled simultaneously and *** control techniques were designed based on the PID(Proportional Integral Derivative)with sliding surface power control,FLC(Fuzzy Logic Controller)and ANN(Artificial Neural Network)and the performances of Vc andαof the controllers are *** the sliding surface and relevant control switching state of the MC can be controlled by the FLC which gives the robust and autonomous decision made in the selection of the appropriate switching state for the effective real power control in the power syst

关键词： Matrix converter unified power flow controller fuzzy logic controller

人工髋关节置换术使用异体输血的临床效果：2000-2009年全国住院患者结果

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临床骨科杂志 2014年第5期17卷 541-541页

作者： Saleh A Small T chandran Pillai A L 胡孔足

为研究人工髋关节置换术使用异体输血的临床效果，作者调取2000-2009年全国住院患者结果，统计危险因素，分析异体输血与临床结果的关系。结果发现，从2000年到2009年，输血率由11．8%上升到19．0%。患者相关危险因素包括：高龄、女性... 详细信息

为研究人工髋关节置换术使用异体输血的临床效果，作者调取2000-2009年全国住院患者结果，统计危险因素，分析异体输血与临床结果的关系。结果发现，从2000年到2009年，输血率由11．8%上升到19．0%。患者相关危险因素包括：高龄、女性、黑人以及医保。与医院相关危险因素包括：郊区、小规模以及非医学院医院。异体输血增加住院时间、医疗费用、再住院率，临床结果较差。因此作者认为，术前需要与患者沟通，谈及异体输血的利弊，要尽量保存自体血。

关键词：人工髋关节置换术 2009年异体输血住院患者临床效果相关危险因素临床结果住院时间

Room-temperature multiple ligands-tailored SnO_(2) quantum dots endow in situ dual-interface binding for upscaling efficient perovskite photovoltaics with high V_(OC)

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2467-2481页

作者： Zhiwei Ren Kuan Liu Hanlin Hu Xuyun Guo Yajun Gao Patrick W.K.Fong Qiong Liang Hua Tang Jiaming Huang Hengkai Zhang Minchao Qin Li Cui Hrisheekesh Thachoth chandran Dong Shen Ming-Fai Lo Annie Ng Charles Surya Minhua Shao Chun-Sing Lee Xinhui Lu Frédéric Laquai Ye Zhu Gang Li Department of Electronic and Information Engineering Research Institute for Smart Energy(RISE)Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao(GHM)Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and DevicesThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Nazarbayev UniversityNur-SultanKazakhstan The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China Hoffmann Institute of Advanced Materials Shenzhen Polytechnic7098 Liuxian BoulevardShenzhen 518055China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong KongChina Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST) KAUST Solar Center(KSC)Physical Sciences and Engineering Division(PSE)Material Science and Engineering Program(MSE)Thuwal 23955-6900Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong KongShatin 999077 Hong KongChina Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films(COSDAF) Department of ChemistryCity University of Hong KongHong KongChina

The benchmark tin oxide(SnO_(2))electron transporting layers(ETLs)have enabled remarkable progress in planar perovskite solar cell(PSCs).However,the energy loss is still a challenge due to the lack of“hidden interface”*** report a novel ligand-tailored ultrafine SnO_(2) quantum dots(QDs)via a facile rapid room temperature ***,the ligand-tailored SnO_(2) QDs ETL with multi-functional terminal groups in situ refines the buried interfaces with both the perovskite and transparent electrode via enhanced interface binding and perovskite *** novel ETLs induce synergistic effects of physical and chemical interfacial modulation and preferred perovskite crystallization-directing,delivering reduced interface defects,suppressed non-radiative recombination and elongated charge carrier *** conversion efficiency(PCE)of 23.02%(0.04 cm^(2))and 21.6%(0.98 cm^(2),V_(OC) loss:0.336 V)have been achieved for the blade-coated PSCs(1.54 eV E_(g))with our new ETLs,representing a record for SnO_(2) based blade-coated ***,a substantially enhanced PCE(V_(OC))from 20.4%(1.15 V)to 22.8%(1.24 V,90 mV higher V_(OC),0.04 cm^(2) device)in the blade-coated 1.61 eV PSCs system,via replacing the benchmark commercial colloidal SnO_(2) with our new ETLs.

关键词： perovskite interface quantum

A controlled, efficient and robust process for the synthesis of an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor: Afatinib Dimaleate

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Chemical Reports 2019年第1期1卷 3-12页

作者： Pawan Kumar Premnath Dhande Muhammad Taufiq F. Mazlee Suhaila M. Yaman Nurul Syazwani Nadirah Binti Muhammad Syafiq chandran Mohd Zulfadli Bin Makhtar Dhramveer Singh Shekhawat Sunil Vasudeorao Lanke Ramesh Kumar Sandeep Mhetre Oncogen Pharma Sdn Bhd No.3 Jalan Jururancang U1/21 Hicom Glenmarie Industrial Park 40150 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia.

A simple, controlled, robust and scalable three-stage manufacturing process of Afatinib Dimaleate was assessed and optimized leading to improved yield and quality. The synthetic process involves sequence of reactions as nitro-reduction, amidation and salification. The developed and optimized route was demonstrated on 300 g scale with over all isolated yield of 84% for Afatinib free base. The developed process has the capability to control not only the process related impurities but also the degradation impurities. One new impurity was identified during the process development studies and characterized as acetamide impunity, chemically known as (S)-N-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazolin-6-yl) acetamide. Other impurities were identified as degradation impurities, Process impurities and were labeled as 1-(4-((3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) amino)-7-(((S)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl) oxy) quinazoline-6-yl)-5-Hydroxypyrrolidin- 2-one (hydroxy impurity), Afatinib N-Oxide impurity and N4-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-[[(3S)-tetrahydro- 3-furanyl] oxy]-4,6-quinazolinediamine (Intermediate-1).

关键词： Afatinib Dimaleate HPLC degradation impurities NMR LC-MS new process impurity improved process