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Response of Rice Cultivars to Elevated Air Temperature and soil Amendments: Implications towards Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigating Global Warming Potentials

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American Journal of Climate Change 2024年第3期13卷 406-426页

作者： Muhammad Aslam Ali s. K. Md. Fazlay Rabbi Md. Abdul Baten Hafsa Jahan Hiya shah Tasdika Auyon Md. shamsur Rahman Deboki Kundu Khairul Amin sanjit chandra Barman Tanver Hossain Fariha Binte Nobi Department of Environmental science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Department of Environmental science and Disaster Management Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University Gopalganj Bangladesh Department of Agricultural Extension Mymensingh Region Mymensingh Bangladesh

Global mean surface air temperature is expected to increase 1.1˚C - 6.4˚C by the end of 21st century which may affect rice productivity and methane emissions in the future climate. This experiment was conducted to investigate the response of rice cultivars to elevated air temperature (+1.5˚C higher than ambient) and soil amendments in regards to rice yield, yield scaled methane emissions and global warming potentials. The experimental findings revealed that replacement of inorganic fertilizers (20% - 40% of recommended NPKs) with Vermicompost, Azolla biofertilizer, enriched sugarcane pressmud, rice husk biochar and silicate fertilization increased rice yield 13.0% - 23.0%, and 11.0% - 19.0% during wet aman and dry boro season, respectively. However, seasonal cumulative CH4 fluxes were decreased by 9.0% - 25.0% and 5.0% - 19.0% during rainfed wet aman and irrigated dry boro rice cultivation, respectively with selected soil amendments. The maximum reduction in seasonal cumulative CH4 flux (19.0% - 25.0%) was recorded with silicate fertilization and azolla biofertilizer amendments (9.0% - 13.0%), whereas maximum grain yield increment 10.0 % - 14.0% was found with Vermicompost and sugarcane pressmud amendments compared to chemical fertilization (100% NPKs) treated soils at ambient air temperature. However, rice grain yield decreased drastically 43.0% - 50.0% at elevated air temperature (3˚C higher than ambient air temperature), eventhough accelerated the total cumulative CH4 flux as well as GWPs in all treatments. Maximum seasonal mean GWPs were calculated at 391.0 kg CO2 eq·ha−1 in rice husk biochar followed by sugarcane pressmud (mean GWP 387.0 kg CO2 eq·ha−1), while least GWPs were calculated at 285 - 305 kg CO2 eq·ha−1 with silicate fertilizer and Azolla biofertilizer amendments. Rice cultivar BRRI dhan 87 revealed comparatively higher seasonal cumulative CH4 fluxes, yield scaled CH4 flux and GWPs than BRRI dhan 71 during wet aman rice growing season;while BRRI dhan

关键词： Rice Paddy soil Amendments CH4 Flux GWPs Elevated Air Temperature

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Pharmacokinetic Comparison and Bioequivalence Evaluation of Two 20-mg Vonoprazan Fumarate Tablets in Bangladeshi Healthy Male subjects

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第8期12卷 230-243页

作者： Md. Alimur Reza Uttom Kumar Bhowmik sabrina Akter Tushi Nayan Ghosh Nithon chandra sahana Md. Ashraful Islam Nafisa Ahamed Arifa Akram Novus Clinical Research services Ltd. Dhaka Bangladesh Medical College for Women & Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh National Institute of Laboratory Medicine & Referral Centre (NILMRC) Dhaka Bangladesh

Background: Vonoprazan fumarate, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, outperforms traditional proton pump inhibitors in acid suppression and can be effectively combined with antibiotics to eradicate Helicobacter pylori. Objective: The study aimed to determine if two Vonoprazan formulations—Vonoprazan Fumarate 20 mg Tablet of Beximco Pharmaceuticals Limited, Bangladesh (test product) and Takecab 20 mg Tablet of Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Japan (reference product)—met FDA’s bioequivalence requirements by comparing their pharmacokinetic characteristics in healthy Bangladeshi adults. Methods: This was a single-center, randomized, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, laboratory-blind, double-crossover experiment. After 10 hours of fasting, 18 subjects were randomly assigned to receive a single oral dose of either formulation. During each treatment period, blood samples were collected at specific times (pre-dose and up to 48 hours post-dose) to measure plasma Vonoprazan levels using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A non-compartmental model was used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters using the plasma drug concentration-time profile. A statistical comparison of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two formulations of the test and reference product was conducted using sAs® statistical software to assess the bioequivalence. Primary pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞) and secondary parameters (Tmax, T1/2, Kel, and AUC extrapolation) were calculated for both drug formulations. If the confidence intervals for the natural log-transformed Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ values fell between 80% and 125%, the drug products would be considered bioequivalent. Result: The geometric mean ratio of Vonoprazan between the test and reference groups was found to be 109.04% (99.47% - 119.53%), 101.37% (95.58% - 107.50%), and 101.24% (95.43% - 107.41%), with 90% confidence intervals (CIs) for the Cmax, AUC0–t, and AUC0–∞, and these outcomes

关键词： Bioequivalence Vonoprazan Pharmacokinetics

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Electro-osmotic flow of a second-grade fluid in a porous microchannel subject to an AC electric field

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2013年第2期25卷 309-316页

作者： MIsRA J. C. chandra s. Department of Mathematics Institute of Technical Education and Research Siksha O Anusandhan University Department of Physics Sabang S. K. Mahavidyalaya Vidyasagar University

studies on electro-osmotic flows of various types of fluids in microchannel are of great importance owing to their multifold applications in the transport of liquids, particularly when the ionized liquid flows with respect to a charged surface in the presence of an external electric field. In the case of viscoelastic fluids, the volumetric flow rate differs significantly from that of Newtonian fluids, even when the flow takes place under the same pressure gradient and the same electric field. With this end in view, this paper is devoted to a study concerning the flow pattern of an electro-osmotic flow in a porous microchannel, which is under the action of an alternating electric field. The influence of various rheological and electro-osmotic parameters, e.g., the Reynolds number, Debye-Huckel parameter, shape factor and fluid viscoelasticity on the kinematics of the fluid, has been investigated for a secondgrade viscoelastic fluid. The problem is first treated by using analytical methods, but the quantitative estimates are obtained numerically with the help of the software MATHEMATICA. The results presented here are applicable to the cases where the channel height is much greater than the thickness of the electrical double layer comprising the stern and diffuse layers. The study reveals that a larger value of the Debye-Huckel parameter creates sharper profile near the wall and also that the velocity of electro-osmotic flow increases as the permeability of the porous microchannel is enhanced. The study further shows that the electro-osmotic flow dominates at lower values of Reynolds number. The results presented here will be quite useful to validate the observations of experimental investigations on the characteristics of electro-osmotic flows and also the results of complex numerical models that are necessary to deal with more realistic situations, where electro-osmotic flows come into the picture, as in blood flow in the micro-circulatory system subject to an elect

关键词： electrical double layer Debye length second-grade fluid Ionic energy

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p53:updates on mechanisms,biology and therapy(Ⅰ)

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2019年第4期11卷 185-186页

作者： chandra s.Verma Bioinformatics Institute Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138671 Department of Biological sciences National University of SingaporeSingapore 117543 school of Biological sciences Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 637551

In July 2017,the 17th International p53 Workshop was held in *** an attendanee of over 300 scientists from all over the world,the meeting was an outstanding success and many new observations about the p53 pathway were discussed for the first *** enthusiasm to gather these in sights into a form that would be available to the whole community led us and the editors of Journal of Molecular Cell Biology to design a special issue of the journal composed of articles and commentaries from some of the key contributors to the meeting.

关键词： p53 mechanisms biology and therapy

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ROBUsT HIGH ORDER CONVERGENCE OF AN OVERLAPPING sCHWARZ METHOD FOR sINGULARLY PERTURBED sEMILINEAR REACTION-DIFFUsION PROBLEMs

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2013年第5期31卷 509-521页

作者： s. chandra s.khara Ra~ sunil Kumar Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz khas New Delhi-110016 India

In this article we propose an overlapping schwarz domain decomposition method for solving a singularly perturbed semilinear reaction-diffusion problem. The solution to this problem exhibits boundary layers of width O（√ε ln（1/√ε）） at both ends of the domain due to the presence of singular perturbation parameter ε. The method splits the domain into three overlapping subdomains, and uses the Numerov or Hermite scheme with a uniform mesh on two boundary layer subdomains and a hybrid scheme with a uniform mesh on the interior subdomain. The numerical approximations obtained from this method are proved to be almost fourth order uniformly convergent （in the maximum norm） with respect to the singular perturbation parameter. Furthermore, it is proved that, for small ε, one iteration is sufficient to achieve almost fourth order uniform convergence. Numerical experiments are given to illustrate the theoretical order of convergence established for the method.

关键词： singular perturbation semilinear reaction-diffusion Overlapping schwarzmethod Robust convergence Numerov scheme.

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Game theory-based attack and defense analysis in virtual wireless networks with jammers and eavesdroppers

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Digital Communications and Networks 2021年第3期7卷 327-334页

作者： Bassma s.Alsulami chandra Bajracharya Danda B.Rawat Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer science Howard UniversityWashingtonDC20059USA Department of Electrical Engineering Capitol Technology UniversityLaurelMD20708USA

Dynamic spectrum sharing and cognitive radio networks were proposed to enhance the Radio Frequency(RF)spectrum ***,there are several challenges to realize them in real systems,such as sensing uncertainty causing issues to licensed users,business models for licensed service *** virtualization is regarded as a technology that leverages service level agreements to sublease unused or underutilized RF spectrum that addresses aforementioned issues and helps to significantly enhance the utilization of the RF spectrum,offer improved coverage and capacity of networks,enhance network security and reduce energy *** wireless virtualization,wireless networks'physical substrate is shared and reconfigured dynamically between virtual wireless networks through Mobile Virtual Network Operations(MVNOs).Wireless virtualization with dynamic configurable features of Wireless Infrastructure Providers(WIPs),virtualized wireless networks are vulnerable to a multitude of attacks,including jamming attacks and eavesdropping *** paper investigates a means of defense through the employment of coalition game theory when jammers try to degrade the signal quality of legitimate users,and eavesdroppers aim to reduce secrecy ***,we consider a virtual wireless network where MVNO users'job is to improve their signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio(sINR)while the jammers target to collectively enhance their Jammer Received signal strength(JRss),and an eavesdropper's goal is to reduce the overall secrecy *** results have demonstrated that the proposed game strategies are effective(in terms of data rate,secrecy rate and latency)against such attackers compared to the traditional approaches.

关键词： Game theory based security Virtual wireless networks Jamming and eavesdropping

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PEO-PVP BLENDED Na^+ION CONDUCTING sOLID POLYMERIC MEMBRANEs

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2013年第11期31卷 1538-1545页

作者： Angesh chandra Department of Applied Physics Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Professional Management & Technology

Polyethylene oxide （PEO）-polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） blended Na＋ ion conducting solid polymeric membranes：（1-x） [75PEO：25NaPO3] ＋ x PVP, where 0 〈 x 〈 12 wt%, are reported. The polymeric blending was done using a solvent- free hot-press method. Two orders of conductivity enhancement （σca. 1.07× 10^-5 s·cm^-1） have been achieved with 3 wt% of PVP （i.e. the composition： [97（75PEO：25NaPO3）＋ 3PVP]）, from that of the pure host：（75PEO：25NaPO3）. The conductivity enhancement in PEO-PVP blended solid polymeric membranes have been explained by the ionic conductivity, ionic mobility and mobile ion concentration measurements. Materials characterization and polymer-salt complexation were done with the help of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （sEM）, differential scanning calorimetry （DsC） and thermo gravimetric analysis （TGA） studies. The temperature dependent conductivity studies have also been done to compute the activation energy （Ea） values from lgσ-1/TArrhenius plots. A solid state polymeric battery was fabricated by using optimum conducting composition of solid polymer electrolyte （sPE OCC）, and some important cell parameters were also calculated from the discharge profile of the cell.

关键词： Polymer blending Activation energy Ionic conductivity sEM XRD DsC TGA.

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Flow of a micropolar fluid in a micro-channel under the action of an alternating electric field: Estimates of flow in bio-fluidic devices

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第3期27卷 350-358页

作者： MIsRA J.C. chandra s. HERWIG H. Centre for Healthcare science and Technology Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology Department of Physics Sabang S. K. Mahavidyalaya Vidyasagar University Institute of Thermo-Fluid Dynamics Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg

The paper is devoted to a study of the electro-osmotic flow of a micropolar bio-fluid, when the flow takes place between two plates that are in a state of periodic vibrations. Considering blood as a micropolar fluid, it is found that the amplitude of oscillation of the microparticles of blood increases when the micropolar effect is pronounced more and more and that a rise in DebyeHtickel parameter enhances both the velocity and microrotation gradient. The results provide guidelines for the improvement of design of bio-sensing and micro-fluidic devices. The study leads to the conclusion that electrical double layers formed in the vicinity of the wall can significantly alter the flow dynamics of physiological fluids in micro-bio-fluidic devices.

关键词： microrotation Electro-osmotic flow Debye-Hiickel parameter micropolar fluid

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Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.V.Thangaraj sumit Pandey G.sri Lakshmi Priya sivavallinathan Arunachalam Rahul sharma Hemant Deepak shewade B.Aishwarya K.Afeeq Afsana Khatoon B.Gokulvijay Gude sireesha Kavita chandra s.Nandhakumar Prince samuel C.Nanditha Viswanathan Devika shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao Manoj V.Murhekar Kathiresan Jeyashree Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Division Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

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Performance analysis of silicon nanowire transistors considering effective oxide thickness of high-k gate dielectric

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Journal of semiconductors 2014年第4期35卷 48-51页

作者： s.Theodore chandra N.B.Balamurugan National Instruments Electronics Laboratory Department of ECE Thiagarajar College of Engineering

We have analyzed the effective oxide thickness （EOT） of the dielectric material for which we have optimum performance and the output characteristics of the silicon nanowire transistors by replacing the traditional si02 gate insulator with a material that has a much higher dielectric constant （high-k） gate, materials like si3N4, Al2O3, Y2O3 and HfO2. We have also analyzed the channel conductance, the effect of a change in thickness, the average velocity of the charge carrier and the conductance efficiency in order to study the performance of silicon nanowire transistors in the nanometer region. The analysis was performed using the Fettoy, a numerical simulator for ballistic nanowire transistors using a simple top of the barrier （Natori） approach, which is composed of several matlab scripts. Our results show that hafnium oxide （HfO2） gate insulator material provides good thermal stability, a high recrystallization temperature and better interface qualities when compared with other gate insulator materials; also the effective oxide thickness of lifO2 is found to be 0.4 nm.

关键词： high-k dielectric hafnium oxide silicon nanowire transistor effective oxide thickness

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