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Traditional Agrodiversity Management:A Case Study of Central Himalayan Village Ecosystem

Journal of Mountain Science 2011年第1期8卷 62-74页

作者： Abhishek chandra p.pardha SARADHI R.K.MAIKHURI K.G.SAXENA K.S.RAO Department of Environmental Biology University of Delhi G.B.pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development Garhwal UnitSrinagar(Uttarakhand) 246 174India School of Environmental Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University Department of Botany University of Delhi

Environmental, biological, socio-cultural and economic status variation existing in the Central Himalaya have led to the evolution of diverse and unique traditional agroecosystems, crop species and livestock, which facilitate the traditional mountain farming societies to sustain themselves. Indigenous agroecosystems are highly site specific and differ from place to place, as they have evolved along divergent lines. For maintenance of traditional agrodiversity management the farmers of the Central Himalaya have evolved various types of crop rotations in consonance with the varied environmental conditions and agronomic requirements. In irrigated fiat lands two crops are harvested in a year with negligible fallow period but in rainfed conditions if a cropping sequence is presumed to be starting after winter fallow phase then four major cropping seasons can be identified namely first kharif season （first crop season）, first rabi season （second crop season）, second kharif season （third crop season） and second rabi season （fourth crop season）. Highest crop diversity is present in kharif season in comparison to rabi season. Traditionally the fields are left fallow after harvest of the second kharif season crop. Important characteristics of agrodiversity management are the use of bullocks for draughtpower, human energy as labour, crop residues as animal feed and animal waste mixed with forest litter as organic input to restore soil fertility levels. Women provide most of the human labour except for ploughing and threshing grain. The present study deals with assessment of traditional agrodiversity management such as （i） crop diversity, （ii） realized yield under the traditional practices and （iii） assess the differences of realized yields under sole and mixed cropping systems. It indicated that crop rotation is an important feature of the Central Himalayan village ecosystem which helps to continue the diversity of species grown, as are the distribution of crops in the growing

关键词： Traditional agricultural practices Himalayas Rainfed Management

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Bioconjugated Nanomaterial for Targeted Diagnosis of SARS-CoV‑2

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Accounts of Materials Research 2022年第2期3卷 134-148页

作者： Avijit pramanik Ye Gao Shamily patibandla Kalein Gates paresh chandra Ray Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Jackson State UniversityJacksonMississippi 39217United States

CONSpECTUS:Infectious diseases by pathogenic microorganisms are one of the leading causes of mortality *** and socio-economic development have been seriously affected for different civilizations because of bacterial and viral *** to the Centers for Disease Control and prevention(CDC),pandemic in 1918 by the Influenza A virus of the H1N1 subtype was responsible for 50 to 100 million deaths ***,the Asian flu pandemic in 1957,Hong Kong flu in 1968,and H1N1pdm09 flu pandemic in 2009 were responsible for more than 1 million deaths across the globe each *** per the World Health Organization(WHO),the current pandemic by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)due to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)virus is responsible for more than 4.8 M death worldwide until *** the gold standard polymerase chain reaction(pCR)test is more time-consuming,the health care system cannot test all symptomatic and asymptomatic Covid patients every day,which is extremely important to tackle the *** of the significant challenges during the current pandemic is developing mass testing tools,which is critical to control the virus spread in the ***,it is highly desirable to develop advanced material-based approaches that can provide a rapid and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19,which will have the capability to save millions of human lives.

关键词： diagnosis consuming deaths

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Ocimum sanctum extract preserves neuronal echotexture and controls seizure in lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus rats

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Asian pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2023年第11期13卷 479-487,I0009页

作者： Soumya Sucharita pattnaik Sudhir chandra Sarangi Deeksha Sharma Surabhi Sinha Tapas C Nag Aruna Nambirajan Manjari Tripathi Department of pharmacology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Anatomy All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of pathology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia Department of Neurology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

Objective:To investigate the effect of Ocimum sanctum hydroalcoholic extract(OSHE)on seizure control and neuronal injury in rats with lithium-pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus(SE).Methods:SE was induced by administering lithium chloride followed by pilocarpine 24 h *** was administered either alone or in combination with valproate(VpA)3 days before SE induction until 14 days post-SE *** parameters were recorded on day 1(0-3 h),day 1-3 and day 4-14 *** day 14 post-SE,neurobehavioural tests(elevated plus maze and passive avoidance)were done followed by total antioxidant capacity,neuron-specific enolase,immunohistochemistry,and electron microscopic assessment in the hippocampus and cortex ***:OSHE+VpA provided more significant seizure protection(75%)than VpA(62.5%),OSHE(62.5%),or SE control(12.5%)(overall p=0.003).The latency to stage-3/4 seizures was increased and the number of stage-3/4 seizures was reduced in all treatment groups compared to the SE control group(p=0.002 andpectively).The OSHE+VpA group also had better memory retention than other treatment groups(ppassive avoidance *** antioxidant capacity level was significantly higher and neuron-specific enolase was lower in the OSHE and OSHE+VpA groups compared to the SE control *** microscopic study showed significant myelin sheath damage(67.5%,ppppocampus of the SE control group,which were alleviated by OSHE or OSHE+VpA *** immunohistochemical analysis,the OSHE,OSHE+VpA,and VpA groups had a significantly higher number of viable neurons and less neuronal loss compared to the SE control in the hippocampus(ppA shows better seizure control by preservation of neuronal echotexture and reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus.

关键词： Status epilepticus Ocimum sanctum Seizure protection Neuronal injury Electron microscopy

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Class of Charged Fluid Balls in General Relativity

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第4期6卷 494-511页

作者： A. Sah prakash chandra Department of Mathematics M B Govt. P G College Haldwani India

In the present study, we have obtained a new analytical solution of combined Einstein-Maxwell field equations describing the interior field of a ball having static spherically symmetric isotropic charged fluid within it. The charge and electric field intensity are zero at the center and monotonically increasing towards the boundary of the fluid ball. Besides these, adiabatic index is also increasing towards the boundary and becomes infinite on it. All other physical quantities such as pressure, density, adiabatic speed of sound, charge density, adiabatic index are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Causality condition is obeyed at the center of ball. In the limiting case of vanishingly small charge, the solution degenerates into Schwarzchild uniform density solution for electrically neutral fluid. The solution joins smoothly to the Reissner-Nordstrom solution over the boundary. We have constructed a neutron star model by assuming the surface density . The mass of the neutron star comes with radius 14.574 km.

关键词： Exact Solution Einstein’s Field Equations Charged Fluid Ball Compact Star General Relativity

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Study of Stability Analysis for a Class of Fourth Order Boundary Value problems

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Applied Mathematics 2014年第13期5卷 1887-1893页

作者： C. Bala Rama Krishna p. S. Rama chandra Rao Department of Mathematics Chaitanya Degree College (Autonomous) Warangal India Department of Mathematics Kakatiya Institute of Technology & Science Warangal India

Fourth order differential equations are considered to develop the class of methods for the numerical solution of boundary value problems. In this paper, we have discussed the regions of absolute stability of fourth order boundary value problems. Methods proposed and derived in this paper are applied to solve a fourth-order boundary value problem. Numerical results are given to illustrate the efficiency of our methods and compared with exact solution.

关键词： Numerical Differentiation Initial Value problem Boundary Value problem Absolute Stability Multistep Methods

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Spherical Anisotropic Fluid Distribution in General Relativity

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World Journal of Mechanics 2016年第12期6卷 487-504页

作者： A. Sah prakash chandra Department of Mathematics M B Govt. P G College Haldwani India

In the present investigation of a spherically symmetric electrically neutral anisotropic static fluid, we present a new solution of the Einstein’s general relativistic field equations. The solution shows positive finite central pressures, central density and central red shift. The causality condition is obeyed at the centre. The anisotropy parameter is zero at the center and monotonically increasing toward the surface. The adiabatic index is also increasing towards the surface. All the other physical quantities such as matter-energy density, radial pressure, tangential pressure, velocity of sound and red shift are monotonically decreasing towards the surface. Further by assuming the surface density , we have constructed a model of massive neutron star with mass 2.95 with radius 18 km with all degree of suitability.

关键词： Anisotropic Fluid Ball Exact Solutions Einsteins Field Equations Compact Star General Relativity

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Novel Autoantibodies Related to Cell Death and DNA Repair pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

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Genomics, proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第3期17卷 248-259页

作者： Hui Luo Ling Wang Ding Bao Li Wang Hongjun Zhao Yun Lian Mei Yan chandra Mohan Quan-Zhen Li Department of Rheumatology Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangsha 410008China Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTX 75390USA Department of Nephrology Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhou 325035China Department of Biomedical Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex autoimmune syndrome characterized by various co-existing autoantibodies(autoAbs)in patients’***,the full spectrum of autoAbs in SLE has not been comprehensively *** this study,a commercial platform bearing 9400 antigens(protoArray)was used to identify autoAbs that were significantly elevated in the sera of SLE *** comparing the autoAb profiles of SLE patients with those of healthy controls,we identified 437 IgG and 1213 IgM autoAbs that the expression levels were significantly increased in SLE(pprotoArray platform uncovered over 300 novel autoAbs targeting a broad range of nuclear,cytoplasmic,and membrane *** interaction network analysis revealed that the antigens targeted by the autoAbs were most significantly enriched in cell death,cell cycle,and DNA repair pathways.A group of autoAbs associated with cell apoptosis and DNA repair function,including those targeting ApEX1,AURKA,pOLB,AGO1,HMGB1,IFIT5,MApKApK3,pADI4,RGS3,SRp19,UBE2S,and VRK1,were further validated by ELISA and Western blot in a larger *** addition,the levels of autoAbs against ApEX1,HMGB1,VRK1,AURKA,pADI4,and SRp19 were positively correlated with the level of anti-dsDNA in SLE *** autoAb screening has identified novel autoAbs,which may shed light on potential pathogenic pathways leading to lupus.

关键词： Systemic lupus erythematosus Autoantibodies protoArray Apoptosis DNA repair

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Scavenging Action of Zinc and Green Tea polyphenol on Cisplatin and Nickel Induced Nitric Oxide Generation and Lipid peroxidation in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2004年第4期17卷 402-409页

作者： SEEMA JOSHI S. K. HASAN RAMESH chandra M. M. HUSAIN R. C. SRIVASTAVA Isabella Thoburn p. G. College Faizabad Road Lucknow 226 007 IndiaIndustrial Toxicology Research Centre P. O. Box. 80 M. G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 IndiaIndustrial Toxicology Research Centre P. O. Box. 80 M. G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 IndiaIndustrial Toxicology Research Centre P. O. Box. 80 M. G. Marg Lucknow 226 001 IndiaR.C.Srivastava Scientist 'F'and Area Coordinator Analytical Toxicology Industrial Toxicology Research Centre P.O.Box80M.G.Marg Lucknow226001UP.INDIA

Objective Toxic metal ions have been implicated in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO). Metallothionines (MT) and plant flavonoids have been reported in the intervention against oxidative damage. We investigated the effect of zinc induced MT and green tea polyphenol (GTp) in reducing the oxidative responses induced by nickel and platinum. Methods Zinc (10 mg/kg b. wt, sc) was administered to rats twice at a gap of 24hrs and GTp (10 mg/100 mL in drinking water) was fed ad libitum for 8 days. Nickel chloride (150 umol/***, ip) and cisplatin (50 mmol/kg ***, sc) was administered to rats 24 h after Zn or GTp pre-treatment. Animals of all the groups were sacrificed 16 hrs after treatment and biochemical markers for toxicity were monitored. Results Zinc or GTp pre-treatment caused significant protection against nickel or cisplatin enhanced mortality in rats, and reduction in lipid peroxidation and NO. Conclusion It is proposed that inhibition of ROS and NO by GTp and zinc may prove useful as a selective pharmacological agent in the amelioration of metal toxicity.

关键词： Green tea polyphenol Zinc Nitric oxide Lipid peroxidation Nickel Cisplatin

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pseudomonas fluorescens-like bacteria from the stomach:A microbiological and molecular study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第7期19卷 1056-1067页

作者： Saurabh Kumar patel chandra Bhan pratap Ajay Kumar Verma Ashok Kumar Jain Vinod Kumar Dixit Gopal Nath Department of Microbiology Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi UP 221005India Department of Gastroenterology Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi UP 221005India

AIM:To characterize oxidase-and urease-producing bacterial isolates,grown aerobically,that originated from antral biopsies of patients suffering from acid peptic ***:A total of 258 antral biopsy specimens were subjected to isolation of bacteria followed by tests for oxidase and urease production,acid tolerance and aerobic *** selected isolates were further characterized by molecular techniques *** for 16S rRNA using universal eubacterial and HSp60 gene specific *** amplicons were subjected to restriction analysis and partial sequencing.A phylogenetic tree was generated using unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean(UpGMA) from evolutionary distance computed with bootstrap test of *** of acidity tolerance of bacteria isolated from antrum was performed using hydrochloric acid from 10-7 mol/L to 10-1 mol/***:Of the 258 antral biopsy specimens collected from patients,179(69.4%) were positive for urease production by rapid urease test and 31%(80/258) yielded typical Helicobacter pylori(***) after 5-7 d of incubation under a microaerophilic environment.A total of 240(93%) antral biopsies yielded homogeneous semi-translucent and small colonies after overnight *** partial 16S rRNA sequences revealed that the isolates had 99% similarity with pseudomonas species.A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA sequences denoted that JQ927226 and JQ927227 were likely to be related to pseudomonas fluorescens(***).On the basis ofHSp60 sequences applied to the UpGMA phylogenetic tree,it was observed that isolated strains in an aerobic environment were likely to be ***,and HSp60 sequences had more discriminatory potential rather than 16S rRNA ***,this bacterium was acid tolerant for hours at low ***,a total of 250(96.9%) genomic DNA samples of 258 biopsy specimens and DNA from 240 bacterial isolates were positive for the 613 bp amplicons by targetin

关键词： Antral biopsy Helicobacter pylori pseudomonas fluorescens HSp60 Nested polymerase chain reaction Acid-tolerant bacteria

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New Control Algorithm for Capacitor Supported Dynamic Voltage Restorer

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2011年第7期3卷 277-286页

作者： Bhim Singh pychadathil Jayaprakash D.p. Kothari Ambrish chandra Kamal- Al-Haddad 不详

In this paper, a simple control algorithm for the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed to mitigate the power quality problems in terminal voltage such as sag, swell, harmonics, unbalance etc. Two pI (proportional-integral) controllers are used each to regulate the dc bus voltage of DVR and the load terminal voltage respectively. The fundamental component of the terminal voltage is extracted using the synchronous reference frame theory. The control signal for the series connected DVR is obtained indirectly from the extracted reference load terminal voltage. The proposed DVR control strategy is validated through extensive simulation studies using MATLAB software with its Simulink and Sim-power system (SpS) block set tool boxes.

关键词： power Quality Distribution System Dynamic Voltage Restorer Voltage Source Converter Indirect Control

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