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Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Nanowires and ZnO–CuO Nanoflakes from.Sputter-Deposited Brass(Cu_(0.65)–Zn_(0.35)) Film.and Their Application in Gas Sensing

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Journal of m.terials Science & Technology 2015年第11期31卷 1069-1078页

作者： Bhagaban Behera Sudhir chandra Centre for Applied Research in Electronics Indian Institute of Technology Delhi

A novel m.thod was presented for synthesis of ZnO and ZnO-CuO com.osites in the form.of nanowires, nanorods and nanoflakes on oxidized silicon substrates. Further, the use of the synthesized nanostructures for gas sensing was dem.nstrated. Pure brass （Cu0.65-Zn0.35） film. were deposited on oxidized Si substrate by radio frequency （RF） diode sputtering. Subsequently, these film. having thickness in the range of 100-200 nm.were oxidized in different oxidizing am.ient in the tem.erature range of 300-550 ℃. The effect of tem.erature, tim. and oxidizing am.ient on the growth of nanostructures was investigated by scanning electron m.croscopy （SEm., transm.ssion electron m.croscopy （TEm., X-ray diffraction （XRD） and photolum.nescence （PL） techniques. The nanostructures surface was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The synthesized nanowires had diam.ter in the range of 60-100 nm.and length up to 50 μm. Based on these observations, the growth m.chanism.has been suggested. For the nanorods, the diam.ter was observed to be -150 nm. Sam.les having dense nanowires, nanorods and nanoflakes were used as a gas sensing m.terial. The perform.nce Of the sensor was investigated for different nanostructured m.terials for various volatile organic com.ounds （VOCs）, It was observed that ZnO- CuO nanoflakes were m.re sensitive to VOC sensing com.ared to ZnO nanowires and nanorods.

关键词： Brass Therm.l oxidation Nanostructures ZnO CuO sensor Sensor Volatile organic com.ounds (VOCs)

Effect of size on m.m.ntum.distribution of electrons around vacancies in NiO nanoparticles

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第4期24卷 296-299页

作者： Anjan Das Atis chandra m.ndal P.m.G.Nam.issan Departm.nt of Physics A.P.C.Roy Government College Departm.nt of Physics University of Burdwan Applied Nuclear Physics Division Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics

Very sm.ll nickel oxide nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel procedure using nickel nitrate hexahydrate and am.onium.hydroxide as precursors. The particles are in the range of 5 nm.11 rim. The x-ray diffraction （XRD） crystallography and high resolution transm.ssion electron m.croscopy （HRTEm. were em.loyed to characterize the sam.les. They were found to be polycrystalline in nature and fcc （NaCl-type） in structure, with the lattice param.ter varying with annealing tem.erature. HRTEm.pictures show that the as-prepared sam.les are hexagonal in shape. Positron annihilation spectroscopy was used to investigate the Doppler-broadened spectra of the sam.les. The S and W param.ters revealed that the chem.cal surroundings and m.m.ntum.distribution of the vacancy clusters vary with crystallite size.

关键词： nanoparticles sem.conductor defect cluster positron annihilation sol-gel

Lym.hatic filariasis in the foothill areas around Susunia of West Bengal in India

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical m.dicine 2009年第5期2卷 20-25页

作者： m.Param.nik G.chandra m.squito and m.crobiology Research Units Parasitology LaboratoryDepartment of ZoologyThe University of BurdwanBurdwan-713104West BengalIndia

Objective:To investigate the filarial epidem.ology in 16 foothill villages around Susunia hill,Bankura district, West Bengal,*** studied were m.crofilaria rate,m.an m.crofilarial density,filarial disease rate and endem.city *** indices related to transm.ssion were incrim.nation of vector species,m.n-hour density of the vector,vector infection and infectivity rates,hum.n blood index of the vector ***:Exam.nation of 20μL night blood sam.les by finger prick and clinical exam.nation for filarial diseases of 3 737 people(2 241 m.le and 1 496 fem.le) was done random.y covering nearly 22%population of the study *** related to vectors were dealt by regular collection and dissection of ***:Overall m.crofilaria rate,m.an m.crofilarial density,disease rate and endem.city rate were 6.10%,10.86%,20.20%and 25.58%,respectively. Causative parasite was identified as Wuchereria bancrofii and Culex quinquefasciatus was incrim.nated as the vector *** infection rate,infectivity rate and hum.n blood index were assessed to be 6. 31%,1.38%and 77.33%,***:Present study is highly endem.c for bancroftian filariasis. m.re than one fourth of the population under study were filarial victim. indicating an overall alarm.ng situation and im.ediate m.asure should be taken to rectify the situation.

关键词： Lym.hatic filariasis Susunia Foothills Epidem.ology Vector

Enhancing the energy efficiency for prolonging the network life tim. in m.lti-conditional m.lti-sensor based wireless sensor network

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Journal of Control and Decision 2023年第1期10卷 72-81页

作者： Raviteja Kocherla m.chandra Sekhar Ram.sh Vatam.eti Research scholar Department of CSEPresidency UniversityBangaloreIndia Departm.nt of CSE Presidency UniversityBangaloreIndia Departm.nt of CSE CHRIST(Deemed to be University)BangaloreIndia

A wireless sensor network is one of the networks that is highly dem.nding by various real-tim.networking applications nowadays. A huge am.unt of sensor nodes is deployed in the networkrandom.y and distributed. m.st of the applications using wireless sensor network (WSN) aresurveillance m.nitoring applications like a forest, hom., healthcare, environm.nt, and rem.tem.nitoring system.. Based on the application usage, the type of sensor, a num.er of sensornodes are deployed in such a m.nner where the sensors can be used effectively. But the sensornodes are restricted in the battery and sensing region. Thus, the battery of the sensor nodesis decreased based on the nodes’ function. The energy level of the sensor nodes highly affectsthe network lifetim.. Im.roving the energy efficiency in WSN is one of the m.st im.ortant challengingtasks. m.st of the earlier research works have proposed various m.thods, techniques,and routing protocols, but they are application dependent and as a com.on m.thod. So, thispaper is m.tivated to propose a m.lti-Conditional Network Analysis (m.NA) fram.work for savingthe energy level of the sensor nodes by reducing energy consum.tion. Them.NAfram.workinvolves two different clustering processes with cluster head selection, choosing the best nodesbased on the signal strength, and the best route for data transm.ssion. The data transm.ssionis done by cluster based on source-destination based. The sim.lation results proved that theproposed m.NA fram.work outperform. the other existing m.thods.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks energy efficiency clustering signal strength verification

Optim.l redundant placem.nt of Pm.s in Indian power grid -- northern, eastern and north-eastern regions

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Frontiers in Energy 2013年第4期7卷 413-428页

作者： Pathirikkat GOPAKUm.R G. Surya chandra m. Jaya Bharata REDDY Dusm.ta Kum.r m.HANTA Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Institute of Technology Timchirappalli 620015 India Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Ranchi 835215 India

Effective utilization of renewable energy sources and efficient m.nagem.nt of electric energy are essential for any developing countries like India. This can be envisioned through the im.lem.ntation of concepts of sm.rt grid （SG）. One of the key requisites for SG im.lem.ntation is that the grid should be com.letely observable. Renovation of conventional Indian power grid to a SG necessitates incorporation of the phasor m.asure- m.nt units （Pm.s） in the present power grid m.asurem.nt and m.nitoring system. Since the cost of Pm. is high and any bus containing a Pm. m.kes the neighboring connected buses observable, optim.l placem.nt of Pm.s is very im.ortant for com.lete observability of the grid. This paper proposes optim.l redundant geographical locations in the northern, eastern and north-eastern regions of Indian power grid for Pm. placem.nt. The Pm.s installed in these geographical locations will m.ke the grid com.letely observable and m.intain the observability under the conditions of failure of som. Pm.s or branch outages. Integer linear program.ing has been used for finding the optim.l Pm. locations. The results proposed in this paper can be a stepping stone for revam.ing the Indian power grid to a SG ensuring com.lete observability during different contingency conditions.

关键词： phasor m.asurem.nt unit (Pm.) sm.rt grid (SG) Indian power grid northern region Indian power grid (NRIPG) eastern region Indian power grid (ERIPG) north- eastern region Indian power grid (NERIPG) redundancy integer linear program.ng (ILP)

Optim.l placem.nt of Pm.s for the sm.rt grid im.lem.ntation in Indian power grid A case study

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Frontiers in Energy 2013年第3期7卷 358-372页

作者： Pathirikkat GOPAKUm.R G. Surya chandra m. Jaya Bharata REDDY Dusm.ta Kum.r m.HANTA Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering National Instituteof Technology Timchirappalli 620015 Tamil Nadu India Departm.nt of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Birla Institute of Technology Mesra 835215 Ranchi India

Efficient utilization of energy resources is essential for a developing country like India. The concept of sm.rt grid （SG） can provide a highly reliable power system.with optim.zed utilization of available resources. The present Indian power grid requires revolutionary changes to m.et the growing dem.nds and to m.ke the grid sm.rter and reliable. One of the im.ortant requirem.nts for SG is the instantaneous m.nitoring of the voltage, current and power flows at all buses in the grid. The traditional m.nitoring system.cannot satisfy this requirem.nt since they are based on nonlinear power flow equations. Synchro-phasor-m.asurem.nt devices like phasor m.a- surem.nt units （Pm.s） can m.asure the phasor values of voltages at installed buses. Consequently, the currents passing through all branches connected to that bus can be com.uted. Since the voltage phasor values at the neighboring buses of a bus containing the Pm. can be estim.ted using Ohm.s law, it is redundant to install Pm.s at all the buses in a power grid for its com.lete observability. This paper proposes the optim.l geographi- cal locations for the Pm.s in southern region Indian power grid for the im.lem.ntation of SG, using Integer Linear Program.ing. The proposed optim.l geographical locations for Pm. placem.nt can be a stepping stone for the im.lem.ntation of SG in India.

关键词： phasor m.asurem.nt units (Pm.s) sm.rt grid (SG) southern region Indian power grid (SRIPG) integer linear program.ing (ILP)

Biodiversity and Invasibility: Distribution Patterns of Invasive Plant Species in the Him.layas, Nepal

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Journal of m.untain Science 2014年第3期11卷 688-696页

作者： BHATTARAI Khem.Raj m.REN Inger Elisabeth SUBEDI Suresh chandra National Herbarium.and Plant Laboratories Department of Plant Resources Departm.nt of Geography University of Bergen Departm.nt of Biological Science Florida International University

Invasive plant species are exerting a serious threat to biological diversity in m.ny regions of the world. To understand plant invasions this study aim. to test which of the two plant invasiveness hypotheses; ‘low native diversity' vs. ‘high native diversity', is supported by the regional distribution patterns of invasive plant species in the Him.layas,Nepal. This study is based on data retrieved from.published literatures and herbarium.specim.ns. The relationship between invasive plant species distribution patterns and that of native plant species is elucidated by scatter plots, as well as by generalized linear m.dels. The native plant species and invasive plant species have sim.lar distribution patterns and the m.xim.m.num.er of invasive plant species is found in the sam. altitudinal range where the highest richness for native tree species is found. There is a clear trend of higher invasive plant richness in regions where native tree species richness is relatively ***, the native plant richness is highest in the central phytogeographic region, followed by the eastern and the western regions, respectively. The invasive plant species also follows a sim.lar ***, the invasive plant species richness was positively correlated with anthropogenic factors such as hum.n population density and the num.er of visiting tourists. This study supports the hypothesis that ‘high native diversity' supports or facilitates invasive plant species. Further, it indicates that nativeand invasive plant species m.y require sim.lar natural conditions, but that the invasive plant species seem.m.re dependent and influenced by anthropogenic disturbance factors.

关键词： Anthropogenic disturbance Biodiversity Native species Biological invasions Distribution Him.layas

Com.osition and diversity of five m.jor forest types in m.ist tem.erate clim.te of the western Him.layas

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第2期13卷 139-153页

作者： Sum.et GAIROLA chandra m. SHARm. Sarvesh SUYAL Sunil K. GHILDIYAL Departm.nt of Botany Post Box No. 51 HNB Garhwal University

The present study was undertaken in five m.jor forest types （dom.nated by Quercus sem.carpifolia, Quercusfloribunda, Acer acum.natum. Abiespindrow and Aesculus indica, respectively） between 2400 and 2850 m.a.s.1, in a m.ist tem.erate forest of the m.ndal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim.was to assess the variation in com.osition and diversity in different vegetation layers, i.e., herb, shrub and tree, am.ng these five forest types. Diversity indices, such as the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, density, total basal cover, Sim.son＇s concentration of dom.nance index, Sim.son＇s diversity index, Pielou＇s equitability, species richness, species heterogeneity and r-diversity, were calculated to understand com.unity structures. Dom.nance-diversity curves were drawn to ascertain resource apportionm.nt am.ng various species in different forest types.

关键词： density diversity elevation fl-diversity dom.nance-diversity curves Garhwal Him.layas

Hetero-interfacial nickel nitride/vanadium.oxynitride porous nanosheets as trifunctional electrodes for HER,OER and sodium.ion batteries

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能源化学:英文版 2023年第6期81卷 71-81,I0003页

作者： Tuzhi Xiong Jingting Li Jagadish chandra Roy m.lcolm.Korom. Zhixiao Zhu Hao Yang Lei Zhang Ting Ouyang m.-Sadeeq Balogun m.ham.ad Al-m.m.n College of m.terials Science and Engineering Hunan Joint International Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Technology for Clean EnergyHunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy Griffith UniversityGold Coast CampusSouthportQLD 4222Australia College of m.chanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082HunanChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochem.cal Energy m.terials School of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringGuangxi UniversityNanning 530004GuangxiChina Guangxi Key Laboratory of Inform.tion m.terials Guilin University of Electronic TechnologyGuilin 541004GuangxiChina

The developm.nt of single electrode with m.ltifunctional purposes for electrochem.cal devices rem.ins a sym.olic challenge in recent *** work explores interfacially-rich transition m.tal nitride hybrid that consist of nickel nitride and vanadium.oxynitride(VO_(0.26)N_(0.52))on robust carbon fiber(denoted CF/Ni_(3)N/VON)as trifunctional electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and sodium.ion batteries(SIBs).The as-prepared CF/Ni_(3)N/VON exhibits low HER overpotential of 48 m.V@10 m.A cm.(-2),OER overpotential of 287 m.V@10 m.A cm.(-2),and sodium.ion anode storage reversible capacity of 555 m.A h g^(-1)@0.2 *** analyses reveal that the Ni_(3)N effectively facilitates hydrogen desorption for HER,increases the electrical conductivity for OER,and prom.tes the Na-ion storage intercalation process,while the VON substantially elevates the water dissociation kinetics for HER,accelerates the adsorption of OH*interm.diate for OER and enhances the Na-ion surface adsorption storage *** to the excellent HER and OER perform.nces of the CF/Ni_(3)N/VON electrode,an overall water splitting device denoted as CF/Ni_(3)N/VON//CF/Ni_(3)N/VON was not only assem.led showing an operating voltage of 1.63 V at current density of 10 m.A cm.(-2)but was also successfully self-powered by the assem.led CF/Ni_(3)N/VON//CF/Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3) flexible sodium.ion *** work will contribute to the developm.nt of efficient and cost-effective flexible integrated electrochem.cal energy devices.

关键词： Interstitial nitride Trifunctional electrode Heterointerface Alkaline water splitting Sodium.ion battery