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Legacy earthen berms influence vegetation and hydrologic complexity in the Altar Valley,Arizona

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2023年第4期11卷 755-763页

作者： Mary H.Nichols Sara E.Duke chandra holifield collins Lauren Thompson Southwest Watershed Research Center USDA-ARS2000 E.Allen Rd.TucsonAZ85719USA Southern Plains Area Research Center USDA-ARSSPARCCollege StationTX77845USA University of Arizona College of Science GraduateTucsonAZ85719USA

Across the American Southwest water development has played a critical role in managing *** berms have been constructed throughout US rangelands to manage runoff and reduce *** berms altered runoff patterns to increase soil moisture with positive local vegetative ***,altered runoff patterns can be considered a disturbance that affects broader scale vegetation *** hypothesized that the hydrologic impacts of earthen berms in semiarid rangelands will be reflected in contrasting upslope and downslope vegetation patterns.A supervised classification of grass,shrubs,and bare soil was performed using orthographic imagery taken in June 2016 to quantify the effects of 181 earthen berms in the uplands and floodplain of the Altar Valley in Southern Arizona,*** berms blocked runoff,creating downslope runoff"shadows"within which the precipitation is the dominant water *** documented more bare soil downslope of intact berms in comparison with *** and shrub cover affected by berms were related to soil *** and shrub cover were not different above and below intact berms on fine textured soils,but on sites with coarser textured soil,grass cover was lower downslope of *** breaches occurred on coarser textured soils,the up and downslope differences in grass cover *** study points to the role of conservation structures in adding additional complexity to already heterogeneous landscapes by creating patchwork assemblages of vegetation and bare soil proximal to earthen runoff and erosion control berms.

关键词： Legacy conservation structure Earthen bank Earthen berm Land degradation Rangeland

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Understanding temporal stability:a long-term analysis of USDA ARS watersheds

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第10期14卷 1243-1254页

作者： Evan J.Coopersmith Michael H.Cosh Patrick J.Starks David D.Bosch chandra holifield collins Mark Seyfried Stan Livingston John Prueger Soil Insight LLCWashington D.C.USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Beltsville Agricultural Research CenterHydrology and Remote Sensing LaboratoryBeltsvilleUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Grazinglands Research Laboratory El RenoUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory TiftonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Southwest Watershed Research Center TucsonUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-Northwest Watershed Research Laboratory BoiseUSA USDAAgricultural Research Service-National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory West LafayetteUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service-National Laboratory for Agriculture and Environment AmesUSA

The *** of Agriculture’s Agricultural Research Service(USDAARS)maintains seven in situ soil moisture networks throughout the continental United States,some since *** networks are crucial for understanding the spatial and temporal extent of droughts in their historical context,parameterization of hydrologic models,and local agricultural decision ***,the estimates from these networks are dependent upon their ability to provide reliable soil moisture information at a large *** is also not known how many network stations are sufficient to monitor watershed scale ***,the objectives of this research were to:(1)determine how temporally stable these networks are,including the relationships between various sensors on a year-to-year and seasonal basis,and(2)attempt to determine how many sensors are required,within a network,to approximate the full network *** data from seven in situ,it is concluded that approximately 12 soil moisture sensors are sufficient in most environments,presuming their locations are distributed to capture the hydrologic heterogeneity of the *** is possible to install a temporary network containing a suitable number of sensors for an appropriate length of time,glean stable relationships between locations,and retain these insights moving forward with fewer sensor resources.

关键词： Soil moisture temporal stability in situ networks

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