Giant flares(GFs)are unusual bursts from soft gamma-ray repeaters(SGrs)that release an enormous amount of energy in a fraction of a *** afterglow emission of these SGr-GFs or GF candidates is a highly beneficial means...
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Giant flares(GFs)are unusual bursts from soft gamma-ray repeaters(SGrs)that release an enormous amount of energy in a fraction of a *** afterglow emission of these SGr-GFs or GF candidates is a highly beneficial means of discerning their composition,relativistic speed and emission *** 200415A is a recent GF candidate observed in a direction coincident with the nearby Sculptor galaxy at 3.5 *** this work,we searched for transient gamma-ray emission in past observations by Fermi-LAT in the direction of GrB *** observations confirm that GrB 200415A is observed as a transient GeV source only once.A pure pair-plasma fireball cannot provide the required energy for the interpretation of GeV afterglow emission and a baryonic poor outflow is additionally needed to explain the afterglow emission.A baryonic rich outflow is also viable,as it can explain the variability and observed quasi-thermal spectrum of the prompt emission if dissipation is happening below the photosphere via internal *** the peak energy(Ep)of the time-resolved prompt emission spectra and their fluxes(Fp),we found a correlation between Ep and Fp or isotropic luminosity Liso for GrB *** supports the intrinsic nature of Ep-Liso correlation found in SGrs-GFs,hence favoring a baryonic poor *** results also indicate a different mechanism at work during the initial spike,and that the evolution of the prompt emission spectral properties in this outflow would be intrinsically due to the injection process.
Purpose: The treatment of high-energy tibial condylar fractures which are associated with severe soft tissue injuries remains contentious and challenging. In this study, we assessed the results of joshi's external s...
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Purpose: The treatment of high-energy tibial condylar fractures which are associated with severe soft tissue injuries remains contentious and challenging. In this study, we assessed the results of joshi's external stabilization system (JESS) by using the principle of ligamentotaxis and percutaneous screw fixation for managing high-energy tibial condylar fractures associated with severe soft tissue injuries. Methods: Between June 2008 and June 2010, 25 consecutive patients who were 17-71 years (mean, 39.7), underwent the JESS fixation for high-energy tibial condylar fractures associated with severe soft tissue injuries. Out of 25 patients, 2 were lost during follow-up and in 1 case early removal of frame was done, leaving 22 cases for final follow-up. Among them, 11 had poor skin condition with abrasions and blisters and 2 were open injuries (Gustilo-Anderson grade I & 11). The injury mechanisms were motor vehicle accidents (n - 19), fall from a height (n = 2) and assault (n - 1). The fractures were classified according to Schatzker classification system. results: There were 7 type-V, 14 type-Vl and 1 type-IV Schatzker's tibial plateau fractures. The average interval between the injury and surgery was 6.8 days (range 2-13). The average hospital stay was 13 days (range, 7-22). The average interval between the surgery and full weight bearing was 13.6 weeks (range 11-20). The average range of knee flexion was 121° (range 105°-135°). The normal extension of the knee was observed in 20 patients, and an extensor lag of 5°-8° was noted in 2 patients. The complications included superficial pin tract infections (n 4) with no knee stiffness. Conclusion: JESS with lag screw fixation combines the benefit of traction, external fixation, and limited internal fixation, at the same time as allowing the ease of access to the soft tissue for wound checks, pin care, dressing changes, measurement of compartment pressure, and the monitoring of the neurovascular status. In a nutshell, JES
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