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Rice science 2018年第5期25卷 270-278页

作者： Supaporn YAMuANGMORN Bernard DELL chanakan prom-u-thai Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor Murdoch University Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University

Purple rice is a source of bioactive antioxidants for rice consumers. Loss of the major antioxidant compounds after a range of cooking processes was evaluated by measuring the changes in anthocyanin concentration （ATC） and antioxidant capacity （DPPH activity） of four non-glutinous and four glutinous genotypes. However, soaking in water prior to cooking generally decreased more ATC and antioxidant capacity in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes. Wet cooking （WC） and soaking before wet cooking （S-WC） led to lose almost all the ATC and antioxidant capacity with only slight variation between genotypes. In the glutinous genotype Pieisu, which had the highest raw rice ATC, ATC remained the highest when cooked by the WC method. By contrast, almost no ATC remained after WC and S-WC in the low ATC genotypes such as Kum Doi Saket. Overall, the loss of ATC was greater in non-glutinous than in glutinous genotypes for both WC and S-WC methods, but the reverse occurred for antioxidant capacity. WC using electric rice cooker retained higher ATC than the pressure cooking. Thus, for genotypes with high ATC and antioxidant capacity, the selection of cooking method is critical for retaining and stabilizing rice quality.

关键词： purple rice rice cooking anthocyanin antioxidant capacity wet cooking

Improve Anthocyanin and Zinc Concentration in Purple Rice by Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizer Application

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Rice science 2022年第5期29卷 435-450页

作者： Suchila uTASEE Sansanee JAMJOD Sittisavet LORDKAEW chanakan prom-u-thai Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture/Center of Agricultural Resource SystemsFaculty of Agriculture/Lanna Rice Research CenterChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Zinc(Zn)is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development,and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions;both have benefits to human *** is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population,and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins,but their stability depends upon many *** review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen(N)management during *** in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties,thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin *** engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin *** Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation,e.g.,light,temperature,soil salinity and nutrient(fertilizer)*** N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption,uptake,transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice,while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a *** summary,there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties.

关键词： purple rice anthocyanin secondary metabolite zinc deficiency fertilizer

Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Productivity and Grain Zinc Yield of Rice Grown under Low and Adequate Soil Zinc Applications

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Rice science 2023年第6期30卷 632-640页

作者： Kankunlanach KHAMPuANG Nanthana CHAIWONG Atilla YAZICI Baris DEMIRER Ismail CAKMAK chanakan prom-u-thai Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Field and Renewable Energy Crops Research Institute Department of AgricultureBangkok 10900Thailand Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Turkey Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

This study aimed to investigate the responses in rice(Oryza sativa *** 97)production and grain zinc(Zn)accumulation to combined Zn and sulfur(S)*** experiment was designed as a factorial experiment with two Zn and three S concentrations applied to the soil in a completely randomized design with four *** plants were grown under greenhouse conditions at low(0.25 mg/kg)and adequate(5 mg/kg)Zn rates combined with S(CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O)application(low,2.5 mg/kg;moderate,10 mg/kg,and adequate,50 mg/kg).The lowest rate of S at adequate soil Zn treatment increased grain yield by 68%compared with the same S rate at low Zn *** with the adequate S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply produced the highest grain yield,with increases of 247%and 143%compared with low S rate at low Zn and adequate Zn supply,*** concentration of grain Zn and S responded differently to the applied S rates depending on the soil Zn *** highest grain Zn concentration,reaching 41.5 mg/kg,was observed when adequate Zn was supplied at the low S ***,the adequate S rate at the low soil Zn conditions yielded the highest grain S *** total grain Zn uptake per plant showed particular increases in grain Zn yield when adequate S rates were applied,showing increases of 208%and 111%compared with low S rate under low and adequate soil Zn conditions,*** results indicated that the synergistic application of soil Zn and S improves grain production and grain Zn *** results highlight the importance of total grain Zn yield in addition to grain Zn concentration,especially under the growth conditions where grain yield shows particular increases as grain Zn is diluted due to increased grain yield by increasing S fertilization.

关键词： grain rice sulfur zinc deficiency

Variation in Grain Quality of upland Rice from Luang Prabang Province, Lao PDR

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Rice science 2018年第2期25卷 94-102页

作者： Vua XIONGSIYEE Benjavan RERKASEM Jeeraporn VEERADITTAKIT Chorpet SAENCHAI Sittichai LORDKAEW chanakan Thebault prom-u-thai Division of Agronomy Northern Agriculture and Forestry College Luang Prabang 06000 Lao PDR Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Plant Genetic Resources and Nutrition Laboratory Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Center for Agricultural Resource Systems Research Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand

Luang Prabang Province is located within the area recognized as the center of rice(Oryza sativa L.) diversity in Lao PDR. This study reported on grain quality characteristics of 60 upland rice seed samples sharing 49 variety names collected from 6 villages in Luang Prabang in 2015. Most of the samples has non-pigmented pericarp, while red pericarp was found in four samples and purple in five samples. Almost all of the samples were of large grain type, with glutinous endosperm in 70% and non-glutinous endosperm in 30%. The brown(unpolished) rice was found with a wide range of grain nutritional quality, including protein(9.2% ± 0.9%), Fe(15.9 ± 6.9 mg/kg), Zn(19.6 ± 2.1 mg/kg), anthocyanin(0.774 ± 0.880 mg/g), and anti-oxidative capacity(2.071 ± 1.373 mg/g). The varieties sharing similar names had similar morphological characteristics but varied in nutritional concentration, with required confirmation in genetic variation analysis. This study found that some rice varieties with high grain quality may benefit the farmers directly or could be used in varietal improvement programs.

关键词： grain morphology genetic diversity nutritional quality upland rice rice germplasm

Applying Boron Fertilizer at Different Growth Stages promotes Boron uptake and Productivity in Rice

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Rice science 2024年第6期31卷 751-760页

作者： Sitthikorn BODEERATH Jeeraporn VEERADITTAKIT Sansanee JAMJOD chanakan prom-u-thai Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Boron(B)is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and *** investigated the optimal growth stage for B fertilizer application to improve rice *** study was conducted using a 2×4 factorial design in a randomized complete block during the rainy season of *** utilized two premium thai rice varieties Khao Dawk Mali 105(KDML105)and Pathum Thani 1(PTT1),and four soil B fertilizer treatments:a control(no B application),B application at the tillering stage,B application at the flowering stage,and B application at both the tillering and flowering *** results showed that the application of B fertilizer at the flowering stage and at both the tillering and flowering stages increased grain yield of KDML105 by 25.0%and 34.0%,*** contrast,the grain yield of PTT1 showed no response to B *** increased grain yield of KDML105 was attributed to an increased number of panicles per plant and a higher filled grain rate,which was due to the elevated B concentration in all plant parts and the total B uptake,particularly when B was applied at the flowering and tillering ***,B application increased the fertilized grain rates and reduced the proportion of unfertilized grains,a phenomenon that corresponded with the increased B concentration across all plant *** total B uptake ranged from 5.11 to 15.85 mg/m^(2) in KDML105 and from 8.37 to 24.26 mg/m^(2) in PTT1,with the highest total B uptake observed when B was applied at both the tillering and flowering stages for both rice varieties.

关键词： biofortification boron rice cultivation filled grain unfertilized grain

Antioxidant Activities and Characterization of Polyphenols from Selected Northern thai Rice Husks: Relation with Seed Attributes

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Rice science 2023年第2期30卷 148-159,I0039页

作者： Jiratchaya WISETKOMOLMAT Chaiwat ARJIN Surat HONGSIBSONG Warintorn RuKSIRIWANICH Chutamat NIWAT Pimsiri TIYAYON Sansanee JAMJOD Supapohn YAMuANGMORN chanakan prom-u-thai Korawan SRINGARM Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand School of Health Science Research Research Institute for Health SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of PharmacyChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Food Science and Technology Program School of Agro-IndustryMae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Agricultural Resources Chulalongkorn UniversityBangkok 10330Thailand Agronomy Division Department of Plant and Soil SciencesFaculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Cluster of Research and Development of Pharmaceutical and Natural Products Innovation for Human or Animal Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

Rice production generates a significant amount of agricultural waste. This study aimed to give results related to the existence of antioxidant phenols in agricultural waste of selected Northern thai rice varieties. The antioxidant activities, contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethanolic rice husk extract were evaluated. The highest antioxidant activities were found in the variety PES1CMu, with 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as 679.66 and 4.16 mmol/(L·g) trolox equivalent, respectively, ferric reducing antioxidant power as 0.87 mmol/(L·g) Fe2+, total phenolic content as 29.90 mmol/(L·g) gallic acid and total flavonoid content as 12.16 mg/g catechin equivalent. Polyphenol compounds were identified mainly by standard polyphenols using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the highest contents of phytic acid, o-coumaric acid, naringin and kaempferol. The non-glutenous and wetland ecotypes of rice husk samples were the richest in antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents characterized by using principal component analysis. The glutenous rice husk contained higher antioxidant activities than the rest. Interestingly, quercetin is a significant phenolic compound that positively correlated with the overall antioxidant activities of rice husk. This finding will be relevant for future application of rice husk antioxidant components in the production of functional ingredients as well as for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

关键词： antioxidant agri-waste polyphenol rice husk seed characteristic thai rice

Abiotic and Biotic Factors Controlling Grain Aroma along Value Chain of Fragrant Rice:A Review

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 142-158页

作者： Ayut KONGPuN Tonapha PuSADEE Pennapa JAKSOMSAK Kawiporn CHINACHANTA Patcharin TuIWONG Phukjira CHAN-IN Sawika KONSAENG Wasu PATHOM-AREE Suchila uTASEE Benjamaporn WANGKAEW chanakan prom-u-thai Faculty of Agricultural Technology Kalasin UniversityKalasin 46000Thailand Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of AgricultureChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Program in Agricultural Chemistry Faculty of Agricultural ProductionMaejo UniversityChiang Mai 50290Thailand Department of Biology Faculty of ScienceChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

The aroma of fragrant rice is one of the grain quality attributes that significantly influenceconsumer preferences and prices in world markets. The volatile compound 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) isrecognized as a key component of the aroma in fragrant rice. The variation in grain 2AP content amongvarious fragrant rice varieties is associated with the expression of the badh2 gene, with 19 alleles havingbeen identified so far. The grain 2AP content is strongly influenced by environmental and managementfactors during cultivation as well as post-harvest conditions. This review pinpointed the major abiotic andbiotic factors that control grain 2AP content. Abiotic factors refer to water, temperature, light quality,fertilizer application (both macro- and micro-nutrients), and soil properties, including salinity, while bioticfactors include microorganisms that produce aromatic compounds, thus influencing the grain aroma infragrant rice. Post-harvest management, including storage and drying conditions, can significantly impactthe grain 2AP content, and proper post-harvest conditions can intensify the grain aroma. This reviewsuggests that there are rice varieties that can serve as potential sources of genetic material for breedingrice varieties with high grain aroma content. It offers an overview of recent research on the major factorsaffecting the aroma content in fragrant rice. This knowledge will facilitate further research on theproduction of high-quality rice to meet the demands of farmers and consumers.

关键词： aromatic rice 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline abiotic stress biotic stress post-harvest management

Yield and Grain Quality Response of Spring Wheat Varieties to Irrigation and Fertility Management

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Agricultural Sciences 2023年第7期14卷 939-953页

作者： Nanthana Chaiwong chanakan prom-u-thai Michael Ostlie Department of Agriculture Bangkok Thailand Division of Agronomy Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Lanna Rice Research Center Chiang Mai University Chiang Mai Thailand Carrington Research Extension Center North Dakota State University Carrington ND USA

Experiments were conducted in 2020 and 2021 in North Dakota to determine the effects of foliar and soil applied fertilizers, variety and irrigation on yield and grain quality of spring wheat. Foliar application of N did not consistently increase yield and protein indicating the soil N levels were adequate to optimize yield. The variety Bolles had higher protein content than Faller. Zinc (Zn) content in the grain was greatest when applied at either flowering or post anthesis. It was also found to be correlated with grain protein content. Yield and grain protein content were negatively related. There was no consistent effect of phosphorous or Zn when applied to the soil on yield, protein, gluten, or Zn content in the grain. Zinc concentration in the grain was significantly correlated with the protein, gluten and P content of the grain. The timing of Zn application was critical to the success of translocating Zn to the grain. Grain Zn concentration increased with most late season foliar Zn applications to both varieties indicating potential for enriching spring wheat nutrient content through production management practices already common in areas that grow spring wheat.

关键词： Zinc Gluten Fertilizer Timing Nitrogen Phosphorus

Iron Fortification in Parboiled Rice—A Rapid and Effective Tool for Delivering Iron Nutrition to Rice Consumers

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2011年第4期2卷 323-328页

作者： chanakan prom-u-thai Longbin Huang Shu Fukai Benjavan Rerkasem 不详

Parboiled rice production accounts for nearly half of the world’s rice production. Its markets and consumer base are firmly established in South Asia and Africa where Fe-deficient populations are mostly concentrated. Our research group has pioneered the technology of Fe-fortification in parboiled rice and demonstrated its feasibility in significantly increasing Fe concentration in the endosperm (white rice) and its bioavailability in rice based diet. Fortification with Fe-EDTA during parboiling resulted in 10 to 50 folds increase in grain Fe concentration, depending on the grain properties among different rice varieties. However, the broken rice of Fe-fortified parboiled rice contained 5 times the Fe concentration of the full grain, which is often bought and consumed by people in low income category. The bioavailability of the fortified Fe is closely correlated with increasing Fe concentration in white rice (r = 0.90, p 50% to almost 100%, despite repeated rinsing before cooking depending on rice varieties. Perls’ Prussian blue staining and prolonged polishing showed that the in vitro Fe penetrated into the interior of the endosperm. Fortification at the rate up to 250 mg Fe kg–1 paddy rice has no deleterious effects on appearance, color and sensory quality and overall acceptance by parboiled rice consumers. It increased Fe concentration up to 27 mg Fe kg–1 of in white rice, compared with 5 mg Fe kg–1 in unfortified parboiled and raw white rice. As a result, we can conclude that parboiled rice is a ready and effective tool for improving Fe nutrition of rice consumers in these regions.

关键词： Fe Deficiency Anemia Fe Fortified Parboiled Rice Fe Bioavailability

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智能红外遥控开关原理及设计

现代电子技术 2010年第15期33卷 163-165页

作者：向燕余炳雄吕理毅广东科学技术职业学院广东珠海519090 华南师范大学物理与电信工程学院广东广州510006 饶平县贡天职业技术学校广东潮州515700

介绍基于AVR单片机设计的一种智能红外遥控开关的原理及设计。该遥控开关能够实时识别和记忆常用遥控器发出的红外信号编码,并通过将接收到的红外信号与单片机存储在E2prom的数据比较,从而控制遥控开关的通断,同时达到遥控器功能复用的... 详细信息

介绍基于AVR单片机设计的一种智能红外遥控开关的原理及设计。该遥控开关能够实时识别和记忆常用遥控器发出的红外信号编码,并通过将接收到的红外信号与单片机存储在E2prom的数据比较,从而控制遥控开关的通断,同时达到遥控器功能复用的效果。系统采用电容降压式直流稳压电源供电,与机械开关相比,它具有结构简单、体积小、重量轻以及安全可靠等优点,可广泛应用于家用电器的开关控制。

关键词：红外遥控功能复用软件解码开关控制