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Fibroblast growth factor(FGF)signaling in development and skeletal diseases

Genes & Diseases 2014年第2期1卷 199-213页

作者： chad m.teven Evan m.Farina Jane Rivas Russell R.Reid The Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology Section of Plastic&Reconstructive SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryThe University of Chicago Medical Center5841 South Maryland AvenueMC 6035ChicagoIL 60637USA The University of Chicago Pritzker School of medicine ChicagoIL 60637USA

Fibroblast growth factors(FGF)and their receptors serve many functions in both the developing and adult *** contain 18 FGF ligands and four FGF receptors(FGFR).FGF ligands are polypeptide growth factors that regulate several developmental processes including cellular proliferation,differentiation,and migration,morphogenesis,and ***-FGFR signaling is also critical to the developing axial and craniofacial *** particular,the signaling cascade has been implicated in intramembranous ossification of cranial bones as well as cranial suture *** the adult,FGFs and FGFRs are crucial for tissue *** signaling generally follows one of three transduction pathways:RAS/mAP kinase,PI3/AKT,or *** pathway likely regulates specific cellular *** expression of FGF and improper activation of FGFRs are associated with various pathologic conditions,unregulated cell growth,and ***,aberrant signaling has been implicated in many skeletal abnormalities including achondroplasia and *** biology and mechanisms of the FGF family have been the subject of significant research over the past 30 ***,work has focused on the therapeutic targeting and potential of FGF ligands and their associated *** majority of FGF-related therapy is aimed at age-related *** understanding of FGF signaling and biology may reveal additional therapeutic roles,both in utero and *** review discusses the role of FGF signaling in general physiologic and pathologic embryogenesis and further explores it within the context of skeletal development.

关键词： Craniosynostosis FGF signaling Fibroblast growth factor Fibroblast growth factor receptor Genetics Pathogenesis Signal transduction Skeletal development

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Bone morphogenetic protein-9 effectively induces osteogenic differentiation of reversibly immortalized calvarial mesenchymal progenitor cells

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第3期2卷 268-275页

作者： chad m.teven michael T.Rossi Deana S.Shenaq Guillermo A.Ameer Russell R.Reid The Laboratory of Craniofacial Development and Biology Section of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryUniversity of Chicago MedicineChicagoILUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA Department of Surgery Northwestern UniversityChicagoILUSA

Critical-sized craniofacial defect repair represents a significant challenge to reconstructive *** strategies have been employed in an effort to achieve both a functionally and cosmetically acceptable *** morphogenetic proteins(BmPs)provide a robust osteoinductive cue to stimulate bony growth and *** studies have suggested that the BmP-9 isoform is particularly effective in promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor *** aim of this study is to characterize the osteogenic capacity of BmP-9 on calvarial mesenchymal progenitor cell *** immortalized murine calvarial progenitor cells(iCALs)were infected with adenoviral vectors encoding BmP-9 or GFP and assessed for early and late stages of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and for osteogenic differentiation via in vivo stem cell implantation *** elevations in alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity,osteocalcin(OCN)mRNA transcription,osteopontin(OPN)protein expression,and matrix mineralization were detected in BmP-treated cells compared to ***,ALP activity was elevated on days 3,7,9,11,and 13 post-infection and OCN mRNA expression was elevated on days 8,10,and 14 in treated ***,treatment groups demonstrated increased OPN protein expression on day 10 and matrix mineralization on day 14 post-infection relative to control ***-9 also facilitated the formation of new bone in vivo as detailed by gross,microcomputed tomography,and histological ***,we concluded that BmP-9 significantly stimulates osteogenic differentiation in iCALs,and should be considered an effective agent for calvarial tissue regeneration.

关键词： Bone morphogenetic protein(BmP) Bone morphogenetic protein-9(BmP-9) Immortalized calvarial cell(iCAL) mesenchymal progenitor cell Osteogenic capacity Osteogenic differentiation

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Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez chad B.Paulk Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(ATTD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(Pmeal *** of diet form,the ATTD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentration of NE were increased(linear;Pmeal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Pmeal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

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A tri-layer approach to controlling nanopore formation in oxide supports

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Nano Research 2019年第6期12卷 1223-1228页

作者： Abha A.Gosavi James L.Hedrick Peng-Cheng Chen Justin m.Notestein chad A.mirkin Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Northwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA Department of Chemistry Northwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA

A novel tri-layer approach for immobilizing metal nanoparticles in SiO2 supports is *** this work,we show that under rapid heating to temperatures of approximately 1,000 ℃,metal nanoparticles less than 15 nm in size will entrench in the SiO2 layer on a silicon wafer to create pores as deep as 250 *** studied and characterized this entrenching behavior and subsequent nanopore formation for a wide variety of metal nanoparticles,including Au,Ag,Pt,Pd,and *** also demonstrate that an Al2O3 layer acts as a barrier to such pore ***,by creating a tri-layer architecture consisting of SiO2 on Al2O3 on silicon wafers,we can control the depth to which nanoparticles entrench between 3-5 *** small range allows one to entrench particles for the purpose of immobilization but still present them above the *** two advances of moving into the sub-15 nm size regime and of controlled particle immobilization through entrenchment have important implications in studying site-isolated and stabilized metal nanoparticles for applications in sensing,separations,and catalysis.

关键词： nanopore formation nanoparticle entrenchment nanoparticle stabilization atomic force microscopy Au nanoparticles

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Case of hepatocellular carcinoma in a patient with hereditary tyrosinemia in the post-newborn screening era

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第9期9卷 487-490页

作者： Essam m Imseis John S Bynon chad Thornhill Department of Pediatrics Gastroenterology Divisionthe University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHouston McG overn Medical School Department of Surgery the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Mc Govern Medical School

Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1(HT-1) is a metabolic disorder caused by a defect in tyrosine degradation. Without treatment, symptoms of hepatomegaly, renal tubular dysfunction, growth failure, neurologic crises resembling porphyrias, rickets and possible hepatocellular carcinoma can develop. The use of 2-(2-nitro-4-trifluoromethylbenzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione and early diagnosis through newborn screening initiatives have resulted in a sharp decline in morbidity and mortality associated with this disease. We present a case report of a 7-year-old patient with HT-1 who was born prior to the addition of tyrosinemia to the newborn screening in her birth area. At her time of diagnosis, the patient had developed many of the symptoms associated with her disease, including chronic kidney disease, rickets, and myopathy that left her non-ambulatory. During her initial evaluation, she was also noted to have hepatocellular carcinoma. With cadaveric liver transplantation and nutritional support, her symptoms all either resolved or stabilized. Her case il ustrates the severity of the disease if left untreated, the need for vigilance in populations who do not routinely receive newborn screens, and the markedly improved outcomes in patients following transplant.

关键词： Tyrosinemia Screening Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver transplantation

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Atrazine removal from water by activated charcoal cloths

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2020年第2期8卷 205-212页

作者： Javier m.Gonzalez Lynnette R.murphy chad J.Penn Veera m.Boddu Laura L.Sanders National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory USDA-ARSWest LafayetteIN47907USA Earth Science Department Northeastern Illinois UniversityChicagoIL60625USA O’Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs University of IndianaBloomingtonIN47405USA Plant Polymer Research Unit National Center for Agriculture Utilization ResearchUSDA-ARSPeoriaIL61604USA

Pollution control structures may be adapted to enhance the removal of nutrients and pesticides from water. Charcoal-like material is known to sorb organic compounds in solution, including atrazine, a herbicide used to control broadleaf weeds, which persists in soils and can migrate from soils to water bodies, ultimately affecting water quality. The primary goal of this study was to investigate if activated charcoal cloths (single-weave, SW;double-weave, DW;and knitted, KT) are more efficient to remove atrazine from aqueous solutions than a cloth without activated charcoal (control) currently used in pollution control structures. The approach consisted of sorption kinetics, flow-through, and desorption/degradation experiments using 50 and 1000μg L-1 atrazine solutions. Results showed that within 30 min of contact time, the control sorbed from 22.6 to 36.1% of atrazine in solution;whereas the activated charcoal cloths sorbed from 76 to 99% of atrazine in solution (SW > KT > DW). The flow-through ex-periments showed that the SW sorbed 88.2, 76.1, and 52.2%of atrazine at the contact time of 0.75, 5, and 10 min, respectively. After 28 days of incubation, previously sorbed atrazine on the SW cloth did not degrade and mproving atrazine removal in water in pollution control structures.

关键词： Atrazine Activated charcoal Water quality Pesticide Cloth

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Application of the modified vaccination technique for the prevention and cure of chronic ailments

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical medicine 2010年第2期3卷 160-166页

作者： Arpad Z Barabas chad D Cole Arpad D Barabas Richard m Graeff Rene Lafreniere Donald m Weir Department of Surgery University of Calgary Department of Neurosurgery University of Utah Department of Pharmacology University of Minnesota University of Edinburgh medical School

Over the years vaccination has proven to be the most successful health protection program for large populations,to prevent them from acquiring serious infectious and contagious diseases caused by exogenous antigens(ags) such as bacteria and *** is generally achieved by an active immunization program,though passive immunization has also been employed, especially in the past,to combat diseases caused by certain bacterial infections(***, diphtheria,etc.). most recently,encouraging research data suggests that therapeutic approaches employing vaccination techniques can also be used to correct or deal with mishaps induced by or involving endogenous ***,most attempts at employing conventional vaccination techniques to do so have proven less than *** the case of cancer,one of the reasons for this is that the presentation of cancer related ags in presently available immunization frameworks is unable to evoke a powerful,specific cancer killing ***,drug treatments have been required in order to achieve additional beneficial effects. Recently,the Barabas group has developed a new vaccination technique(the third vaccination method,after active and passive immunization) called modified Vaccination Technique(mVT). In experiments the mVT has been able to prevent-and with equal effectiveness,terminatemishaps induced by or involving endogenous ags,*** an experimental autoimmune kidney disease called slowly progressive Heymann nephritis(SPHN). The mVT is safe,and is able to initiate a specific immune response in the injected host(provided the injected components are in pure form).The mVT promises to provide the next generation of vaccines for the prevention,treatment,and termination of chronic disorders in humans,such as autoimmune diseases,cancer,and chronic infections.

关键词： Autoimmunity modified vaccination technique Prophylactic Therapeutic

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Insights into the role of jasmonic acid-mediated defenses against necrotrophic and biotrophic fungal pathogens

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Frontiers in Biology 2012年第1期7卷 48-56页

作者： Christopher J. ANTICO chad COLON Taylor BANKS Katrina m. RAmONELL Department of Biological Sciences University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Jasmonic acid （JA） is a natural hormone regulator involved in development, responses against woundingand pathogen attack. Upon perception of pathogens, JA is synthesized and mediates a signaling cascade initiating various defense responses. Traditionally, necrotrophic fungi have been shown to be the primary activators of JA- dependent defenses through the JA-receptor, COIl. Conversely, plants infected with biotrophic fungi have classically been associated with suppressing JA-mediated responses. However, recent evidence has shown that certain biotrophic fungal species also trigger activation of JA-mediated responses and mutants deficient in JA signaling show an increase in susceptibility to certain biotrophic fungal pathogens. These findings suggest a new role for JA in defense against fungal biotrophs. This review will focus on recent research advancing our knowledge of JA-dependant responses involved in defense against both biotrophic and necrotrophic fungi.

关键词： jasmonic acid (JA) methyl jasmonate (meJA) biotrophic fungi necrotrophic fungi COIl

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Incorporating within- and between-patch resource selection in identification of critical habitat for brood-rearing greater sage-grouse

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： matthew R Dzialak chad V Olson Stephen L Webb Seth m Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Hayden-Wing Associates LLCNatural Resource ConsultantsLaramieWY 2308 South 8th StreetUSA The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation 2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

Introduction:Incorporating information on animal behavior in resource-based predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship between process and spatial pattern and depict habitat in terms of its structure as well as its *** this paper,we assigned location data on brood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or between-patch(traveling)behavioral modes by estimating a movement-based relative displacement *** were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus between-patch resource selection for application in habitat management and compare these models to a non-behaviorally adjusted ***:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausible for both the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-behaviorally adjusted *** encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrubs,avoided bare ground,and were closer to mesic *** sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herbaceous *** for proximity to mesic areas was common to both encamped and traveling modes and to the non-behaviorally adjusted *** non-behaviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated ***,we observed different selection patterns during traveling that could have been masked had behavioral state not been accounted ***:Characterizing habitat that structured between-patch movement broadens our understanding of the habitat needs of brood-rearing sage-grouse,and the combined raster surface offers a reliable habitat management tool that is readily amenable to application by GIS users in efforts to focus sustainable landscape management.

关键词： Behavioral mode Brood-rearing Centrocercus urophasianus Conditional logistic regression Conservation planning Information-theoretic approach Relative displacement index Species occurrence model

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Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting bird of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 83-97页

作者： Stephen L Webb chad V Olson matthew R Dzialak Seth m Harju Jeffrey B Winstead Dusty Lockman Hayden-Wing Associates LLC2308 South 8th StreetLaramieWY82070USA KC Harvey Environmental LLC376 Gallatin Park DriveBozemanMT59715USA

Introduction:Ground-nesting birds experience high levels of nest ***,birds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to ***:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the *** used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual birds,and ***:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed by direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variables at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial *** of shrub canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of *** added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day before failure)improved model fit whereby both variables negatively influenced DSR of ***:Nest site characteristics that reduce visibility(i.e.,shrub canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate ***,predators may be more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture).

关键词： behavior Centrocercus urophasianus conservation depredation generalized linear mixed models greater sage-grouse human development management nest survival weather

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