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Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestib.lity of fib.r,protein,and fat in corn-soyb.an meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and b.otechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.Rodriguez chad b.paulk Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

b.ckground Reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestib.lity and concentrations of digestib.e and metab.lizab.e *** may also reduce particle size of grain,b.t it is not known if there are interactions b.tween particle size reduction and *** ob.ective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in comb.nation,increase N b.lance,apparent total tract digestib.lity(ATTD)of fib.r and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soyb.an meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soyb.an meal-b.sed diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad lib.tum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chamb.rs(i.e.,4 pigs/chamb.r)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** Regardless of particle size of corn,the ATTD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(Pb. reducing the particle size of corn,b.t the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Pb.th pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestib.lity and NE,b.t increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestib.lity Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

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Nutrient Evaluation of Dining Center Food Waste and Comparison to Monogastric and Ruminant Feedstuffs

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 323-335页

作者： Nelsa M. b.ckman Phillip A. Lancaster Haley K. Otott Rachel N. Kort Katherine M. Krauss Melissa A. Schrader Jordan T. Geb.ardt Charles R. Stark chad b. paulk Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Housing and Dining Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathob.ology Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The ob.ective of this study was to analyze the nutrient composition and variab.lity of university dining hall food waste and compare it with common feedstuffs used in ruminant and monogastric diets. Food waste was categorized into two initial streams: mainstream (MS) from the serving line and vegetab.e preparation (VP) from the kitchen. Waste was collected from the Kramer Dining Center, Kansas State University, resulting in 30 daily samples. Waste was weighed and ground to homogenous particle size. Daily samples of MS and VP were analyzed for nutrient composition, where results were comb.ned to calculate the nutrient profile of a hypothetical mixed food waste stream (MX) composited b. total weight. Data were analyzed using R statistical software (v 4.2.2). Moisture and neutral detergent fib.r (NDF) were greater in VP (P , while ether extract (EE) was less compared to MS and MX. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P b.e nutrients (TDN) and energy were greater in MS food waste than in MX, which was also greater than VP (P content, measured b. standard deviation, was similar (P > 0.05) among streams for NDF, nitrogen-corrected neutral detergent fib.r, acid detergent insolub.e crude protein, CP, ash, lignin, and digestib.e and metab.lizab.e energy. Dry matter and EE variation were greater (P b.e crude protein, TDN, and gross energy when compared to VP. Despite having 70% - 80% moisture, dining hall food waste does have nutritive value and the potential to b. included in ruminant and monogastric diets. Further research needs to b. done to understand the value of including it in animal diets.

关键词： Food Waste Feedstuffs Monogastric Ruminant Nutrient Variab.lity

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Intramedullary b.ne pedestal formation contrib.ting to femoral shaft fracture nonunion:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 528-537页

作者： Charles b.Pasque Alexander J Pappas chad A Cole Jr Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehab.litation University of Oklahoma College of MedicineOklahoma CityOK 73104United States University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO 80045United States

b.CKGROUND Femoral shaft fracture is a commonly encountered orthopedic injury that can b. treated operatively with a low overall delayed/nonunion *** the case of delayed union after antegrade or retrograde intramedullary nail fixation,fracture dynamization is often attempted *** after dynamization has b.en shown to occur due to infection and other aseptic *** present a unique case of diaphyseal femoral shaft fracture nonunion after dynamization due to intramedullary cortical b.ne pedestal formation at the distal tip of the *** SUMMARY A 37-year-old male experienced a high-energy trauma to his left thigh after coming down hard during a motocross *** was consistent with an isolated,closed,left mid-shaft femur *** was initially managed with reamed antegrade intramedullary nail fixation b.t had continued thigh *** at four months demonstrated no evidence of fracture union and failure of the distal locking screw,and dynamization b. distal locking screw removal was *** patient continued to have pain eight months after the initial procedure and 4 mo after dynamization with serial radiographs continuing to demonstrate no evidence of fracture *** decision was made to proceed with exchange nailing for aseptic fracture *** the exchange procedure,an ob.truction was encountered at the distal tip of the failed nail and was confirmed on magnified fluoroscopy to b. a pedestal of cortical b.ne in the *** ob.truction required further distal reaming.A longer and larger diameter exchange nail was placed without difficulty and without a distal locking screw to allow for dynamization at the fracture ***-operative radiographs showed proper fracture and hardware *** was sub.equently radiographic evidence of callus formation at one year with sub.equent fracture consolidation and resolution of thigh pain at eighteen *** The risk of fracture nonunion caused b. int

关键词： Nonunion Femoral shaft fracture Diaphysis Fracture fixation Antegrade intramedullary nail Case report

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Incorporating within- and b.tween-patch resource selection in identification of critical hab.tat for b.ood-rearing greater sage-grouse

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： Matthew R Dzialak chad V Olson Stephen L Web. Seth M Harju Jeffrey b.Winstead Hayden-Wing Associates LLCNatural Resource ConsultantsLaramieWY 2308 South 8th StreetUSA The Samuel Rob.rts Nob.e Foundation 2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

Introduction:Incorporating information on animal b.havior in resource-b.sed predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship b.tween process and spatial pattern and depict hab.tat in terms of its structure as well as its *** this paper,we assigned location data on b.ood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or b.tween-patch(traveling)b.havioral modes b. estimating a movement-b.sed relative displacement *** were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus b.tween-patch resource selection for application in hab.tat management and compare these models to a non-b.haviorally adjusted ***:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausib.e for b.th the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-b.haviorally adjusted *** encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrub.,avoided b.re ground,and were closer to mesic *** sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herb.ceous *** for proximity to mesic areas was common to b.th encamped and traveling modes and to the non-b.haviorally adjusted *** non-b.haviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated ***,we ob.erved different selection patterns during traveling that could have b.en masked had b.havioral state not b.en accounted ***:Characterizing hab.tat that structured b.tween-patch movement b.oadens our understanding of the hab.tat needs of b.ood-rearing sage-grouse,and the comb.ned raster surface offers a reliab.e hab.tat management tool that is readily amenab.e to application b. GIS users in efforts to focus sustainab.e landscape management.

关键词： b.havioral mode b.ood-rearing Centrocercus urophasianus Conditional logistic regression Conservation planning Information-theoretic approach Relative displacement index Species occurrence model

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Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting b.rd of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 83-97页

作者： Stephen L Web. chad V Olson Matthew R Dzialak Seth M Harju Jeffrey b.Winstead Dusty Lockman Hayden-Wing Associates LLC2308 South 8th StreetLaramieWY82070USA KC Harvey Environmental LLC376 Gallatin Park DriveBozemanMT59715USA

Introduction:Ground-nesting b.rds experience high levels of nest ***,b.rds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to ***:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the *** used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual b.rds,and ***:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed b. direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variab.es at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial *** of shrub.canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of *** added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day b.fore failure)improved model fit whereb. b.th variab.es negatively influenced DSR of ***:Nest site characteristics that reduce visib.lity(i.e.,shrub.canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate ***,predators may b. more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture).

关键词： b.havior Centrocercus urophasianus conservation depredation generalized linear mixed models greater sage-grouse human development management nest survival weather

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Approximate solutions of Klein-Gordon equation with improved Manning-Rosen potential in D-dimensions using SUSYQM

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Chinese Physics b 2014年第12期23卷 38-43页

作者： A.N.Ikot H.Hassanab.di H.P.Ob.ng Y.E.chad Umoren C.N.Isonguyo b.H.Yazarloo Department of Physics University of Port HarcourtChoba P M B5323 Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of b.sic Sciences Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad UniversityShahrood Iran Theoretical Physics Group Department of Physics University of Uyo-NigeriaNigeria

In this paper, we present solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation for the improved Manning–Rosen potential for arb.trary l state in d-dimensions using the supersymmetric shape invariance method. We ob.ained the energy levels and the corresponding wave functions expressed in terms of Jacob. polynomial in a closed form for arb.trary l state. We also calculate the oscillator strength for the potential.

关键词： Klein–Gordon equation improved Manning–Rosen potential supersymmetric quantum mechanics(SUSYQM)

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Land application of spent gypsum from ditch filters: phosphorus source or sink?

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 364-374页

作者： Karen L. Grub. Joshua M McGrath chad J. Penn Ray b. b.yant Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park PA USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service College Park PA USA USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Washington D.C. USA

Agricultural drainage ditches can provide a direct connection b.tween fields and surface waters, and some have b.en shown to deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to sensitive water b.dies. A potential way to reduce nutrient loads in drainage ditches is to install filter structures containing P sorb.ng materials (PSMs) such as gypsum to remove P from ditch flow. The ob.ective of this study was to determine the effect of land-application of gypsum removed from such filters on soil P forms and concentrations. Gypsum was saturated at two levels on a mass b.sis of P and applied to two soils of contrasting texture, a silt loam and a sandy loam and applied at b.th a high and low rate. The treated soils were incub.ted in the lab.ratory at 25oC, and samples were collected at 1, 7, and 119 days after initiation. Soil type, time after application, gypsum rate, and P saturation level all had a significant impact on soil P forms and concen-trations. However, it appears that land application of spent filter gypsum at realistic rates would have little effect on solub.e P concentrations in amended soils.

关键词： Phosphorus Sorb.ng Materials Gypsum Ditch Filter

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Evaluation of the Level of Pollution b. Heavy Metals of Market Garden Soils along the Chari River in Ndjamena: Case of the 9th and 7th Districts

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 939-961页

作者： Kotva Wana Mackaye Hassane Taisso Likius Andossa b.ral Djétenb. Lab.ratoire Gosciences Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de NDjamena NDjamena Chad Lab.ratoire Gosciences Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de Mongo Mongo Chad Lab.ratoire Sol et Environnement (LASEN) Dpartement des Sciences de la Terre Facult des Sciences Universit de Ngaoundr Ngaoundr Cameroun

The main aim of this study was to characterize the metal content of soils used for market gardening along the Chari river: the 7th and 9th districts of NDjaména. To achieve this, two sites were selected: Gassi and Walia, and two control sites (Gassi and Walia). A total of fifty (50) soil samples were taken (24 from the Gassi site, 24 from the Walia site and 2 as control soils) and then analyzed to determine a numb.r of physico-chemical parameters (pH, OM and electrical conductivity) and heavy metal concentrations in the various soils. The TME content (As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb. Hg and Zn) of the soils was determined b. plasma-coupled Atomic Emission Spectrometry. In order to assess the level of contamination in Gassi and Walia soils, the geoaccumulation index (GeoIndex), contamination factor and degree of contamination were calculated. Results for physico-chemical parameters revealed that pH ranged from acidic (4.6) to moderately neutral (6.5), electrical conductivity was higher in cultivated soils (mean 292.14 μs/cm) than in control soils (mean 149.33 μs/cm), and soils were rich in organic matter. Overall, heavy metal concentrations in cultivated soils were higher than in control soils. The pollution estimate shows that soils in the area have no moderate contamination. The increase in TME concentrations in cultivated soils is thought to b. due to the input of agricultural inputs to the soil. However, these levels are b.low the Average shale reference and Canadian guidelines for agricultural soil quality. Principal component analysis shows that metals are positively and significantly correlated with each other, and negatively and moderately significantly correlated with each other.

关键词： Contamination Agricultural Soils City of N’Djaména ETM Gassi Walia

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Material transport in dip-pen nanolithography

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第3期9卷 385-397页

作者： Keith A. b.own Daniel J. Eichelsdoerfer Xing Liao Shu He chad A. Mirkin Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA

Dip-pen *** （DPN） is a useful method for directly printing materials on surfaces with sub.50nm resolution. b.cause it, involves the physical transport of materials from a scanning prob. tip to a surface and the sub.equent chemical interaction of that material with the surface, there are many factors to consider when attempting to understand DPN. In this review, we overview the physical and chemical processes that are known to play a role in DPN, Through a detailed review of the literature, we classify inks into three general categories b.sed on their transport properties, and highlight the myriad ways that. DPN can b. used to perform chemistry at the tip of a scanning prob..

关键词： dip-pen nanolithography scanning prob. lithography materials transport

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High Dimensional Dataset Compression Using Principal Components

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第5期3卷 356-366页

作者： Michael b. Richman Andrew E. Mercer Lance M. Leslie Charles A. Doswell III chad M. Shafer Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies Norman USA Department of Earth Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile USA Department of Geosciences Mississippi State University Starkville USA School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Until recently, computational power was insufficient to diagonalize atmospheric datasets of order 108 - 109 elements. Eigenanalysis of tens of thousands of variab.es now can achieve massive data compression for spatial fields with strong correlation properties. Application of eigenanalysis to 26,394 variab.e dimensions, for three severe weather datasets (tornado, hail and wind) retains 9 - 11 principal components explaining 42% - 52% of the variab.lity. Rotated principal components (RPCs) detect localized coherent data variance structures for each outb.eak type and are related to standardized anomalies of the meteorological fields. Our analyses of the RPC loadings and scores show that these graphical displays can efficiently reduce and interpret large datasets. Data is analyzed 24 hours prior to severe weather as a forecasting aid. RPC loadings of sea-level pressure fields show different morphology loadings for each outb.eak type. Analysis of low level moisture and temperature RPCs suggests moisture fields for hail and wind which are more related than for tornado outb.eaks. Consequently, these patterns can identify precursors of severe weather and discriminate b.tween tornadic and non-tornadic outb.eaks.

关键词： Data Compression Eigenanalysis Computational Complexity Severe Weather Rotated Principal Components

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