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Pelleting and particle size reduction of corn increase net energy and digestibility of fiber,protein,and fat in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第4期15卷 1751-1760页

作者： Su A Lee Diego A.rodriguez chad B.Paulk Hans H.Stein Department of Animal Sciences University of IllinoisUrbanaIL 61801USA Department of Grain Sciences and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA

Background reduction of the particle size of corn increases energy digestibility and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable *** may also reduce particle size of grain,but it is not known if there are interactions between particle size reduction and *** objective of this experiment was to test the hypothesis that particle size reduction and pelleting,separately or in combination,increase N balance,apparent total tract digestibility(AttD)of fiber and fat,and net energy(NE)in corn-soybean meal diets fed to group-housed *** Six corn-soybean meal-based diets were used in a 3×2 factorial design with 3 particle sizes of corn(i.e.,700,500,or 300μm)and 2 diet forms(i.e.,meal or pelleted).Pigs were allowed ad libitum access to feed and ***-four castrated male pigs(initial weight:29.52 kg;standard diviation:1.40)were allotted to the 6 diets using a 6×6 Latin square design with 6 calorimeter chambers(i.e.,4 pigs/chamber)and 6 *** consumption and CO_(2)and CH_(4)productions were measured during fed and fasting states and fecal and urine samples were *** regardless of particle size of corn,the AttD of gross energy(GE),N,and acid-hydrolyzed ether extract(AEE),and the concentration of NE were greater(Pted diets than in meal *** of diet form,the AttD of GE,N,and AEE,and the concentration of NE were increased(linear;Preducing the particle size of corn,but the increase was greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets(interaction;Pth pelleting and reduction of corn particle size increased nutrient digestibility and NE,but increases were greater in meal diets than in pelleted diets.

关键词： Corn Digestibility Feed technology Net energy Particle size Pelleting

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Does a large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long needle distance from the probe to the lesion reduce magnetic resonance imaging–targeted cancer detection?

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Current Urology 2024年第2期18卷 144-147页

作者： Mark D.Bevill Justin N.Drobish Kevin J.Flynn Maheen rajput Catherine Metz chad r.t.acy Paul t.Gellhaus Department of Urology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA Department of radiology University of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIAUSA

Background:We aimed to evaluate whether large prostate size,small lesion volume,or long lesion distance from the ultrasound probe tip would decrease cancer detection in transrectal magnetic resonance imaging(MrI)–targeted *** and methods:Patients who underwent MrI-targeted biopsy at our institution between May 2017 and August 2019 were enrolled in a prospective *** to 5 cores were obtained from≥2 prostate imaging reporting and data system v2 lesions.A multivariable model was created that included needle distance to the lesion,prostate specific antigen,prostate imaging reporting and data system,lesion volume,and prostate ***:A total of 377 patients with 533 lesions underwent a biopsy during the study period.A total of 233(44%)lesions were positive for prostate cancer,and 173(32%)lesions had clinically significant prostate *** mean needle distance to the lesion was 11.7mm(interquartile range,7.6–15.5mm).the likelihood of obtaining a positive core on biopsy decreased as the distance fromthe ultrasound probe increased for all prostate cancers and clinically significant prostate cancer(p=0.018 and p=0.004,respectively).Every 10mmfrom the rectum,there was an 8%–10%decrease in the rate of cancer ***,as the prostate volume increased,the odds of obtaining a positive core also decreased(p=0.039).there was no significant association between the lesion size and amount of cancer obtained on ***:Our data showed that transrectal MrI-targeted biopsy cancer detection modestly decreased the lesion from the ultrasound probe and with a large prostate volume but could not prove that lesion volume was a significant predictor of the amount of cancer detected.

关键词： Prostate cancer Biopsy Magnetic resonance imaging

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Interactions between maternal parity and feed additives drive the composition of pig gut microbiomes in the post‑weaning period

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第3期15卷 1241-1257页

作者： Kayla Law Eduardo rosa Medina Garcia chad Hastad Deborah Murray Pedro E.Urriola Andres Gomez Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1364 Eckles AvenueSaint PaulMN 55108USA New Fashion Pork 164 Industrial ParkwayJacksonMN 56143USA

Background Nursery pigs undergo stressors in the post-weaning period that result in production and welfare *** challenges disproportionately impact the offspring of primiparous sows compared to those of mul-tiparous *** is known regarding potential interactions between parity and feed additives in the post-weaning period and their effects on nursery pig ***,the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal parity on sow and offspring microbiomes and the influence of sow parity on pig fecal microbi-ome and performance in response to a prebiotic *** weaning,piglets were allotted into three treat-ment groups:a standard nursery diet including pharmacological doses of Zn and Cu(Con),a group fed a commercial prebiotic only(Preb)based on an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,and a group fed the same prebiotic plus Zn and Cu(Preb+ZnCu).results Although there were no differences in vaginal microbiome composition between primiparous and mul-tiparous sows,fecal microbiome composition was different(r^(2)=0.02,P=0.03).the fecal microbiomes of primiparous offspring displayed significantly higher bacterial diversity compared to multiparous offspring at d 0 and d 21 post-weaning(Pth differences in community composition observed at d 21(r^(2)=0.03,P=0.04).When analyzing the effects of maternal parity within each treatment,only the Preb diet triggered significant microbiome distinc-tions between primiparous and multiparous offspring(d 21:r^(2)=0.13,P=0.01;d 42:r^(2)=0.19,P=0.001).Composi-tional differences in pig fecal microbiomes between treatments were observed only at d 21(r^(2)=0.12,P=0.001).Pigs in the Con group gained significantly more weight throughout the nursery period when compared to those in the Preb+ZnCu *** Nursery pig gut microbiome composition was influenced by supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae fermentation extract,with varying effects on performance

关键词： Aspergillus prebiotic Copper Feed additives Maternal Nursery pig microbiome Parity Swine microbiome trace minerals Zinc

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： rosemary Arnold Jenifer Murphy-Smith Chee H.Ng David Mischoulon Gerard J.Byrne chad A.Bousman Con Stough Michael Berk Jerome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and research Program Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical Genetics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacology Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia the Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Objective the placebo response in depression studies is the change in symptoms amongst those who receive an inactive *** well-designed randomized controlled trials(rCts)of depression have a high proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a large proportion of placebo *** this is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression rCt which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo group).We investigated participant characteristics such as socio-demographics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** genetic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on change in Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using linear mixed effects *** Greater levels of education,particularly pursuing post-high school education,better self-reported general health,marriage/de facto,greater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with greater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(tPH1)gene(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with greater placebo response,although the evidence was attenuated after accounting for multiple *** this is,to our knowledge,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** findings may encourage future trial design

关键词： randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Implementation of the Integrated Green’s Function Method for 3D Poisson’s Equation in a Large Aspect ratio Computational Domain

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第9期17卷 740-749页

作者： Ji Qiang chad Mitchell remi Lehe Arianna Formenti Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA USA

the solution of Poisson’s Equation plays an important role in many areas, including modeling high-intensity and high-brightness beams in particle accelerators. For the computational domain with a large aspect ratio, the integrated Green’s function method has been adopted to solve the 3D Poisson equation subject to open boundary conditions. In this paper, we report on the efficient implementation of this method, which can save more than a factor of 50 computing time compared with the direct brute force implementation and its improvement under certain extreme conditions.

关键词： Green’s Function Poisson Equation Particle Accelerator

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与机器交流:人机传播领域的未来轨迹

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全球传媒学刊 2024年第1期11卷 71-105页

作者： Jihyun Kim Katrin Etzrodt Andrew Prahl chad Edwards 刘力铭(翻译) 美国中佛罗里达大学科尔森传播与媒体学院国际传播学会人机传播分会德国德累斯顿工业大学媒体与传播研究所新加坡南洋理工大学黄金辉传播与信息学院美国西密歇根大学传播学院清华大学新闻与传播学院

机器行为者(machine actor)融入日常生活的现象不仅模糊了人机之间的界限,更带来了机遇和挑战。在此背景下,人机传播研究立足前沿,探索新兴的人机互动现象。这个由机器驱动的时代正在快速发展,本研究展望未来,讨论人机传播领域如何继续... 详细信息

机器行为者(machine actor)融入日常生活的现象不仅模糊了人机之间的界限,更带来了机遇和挑战。在此背景下,人机传播研究立足前沿,探索新兴的人机互动现象。这个由机器驱动的时代正在快速发展,本研究展望未来,讨论人机传播领域如何继续发展和扩展其研究范式。具体而言,本研究深入探讨人机传播的理论基础和方法论,考量以社会临场感和信任为中心的两个研究前沿,从不同角度探讨人机传播的重要意义并对人机传播未来的研究提出方向。

关键词：人机传播机器人人工智能社会临场感信任

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treatment technologies for aqueous perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA)

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 129-151页

作者： chad D.VECItIS Hyunwoong PArK Jie CHENG Brian t.MADEr Michael r.HOFFMANN W.M.Keck Laboratories California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA 3M Environmental Laboratory 3M CenterBuilding 260-05-N-17MaplewoodMN 55144-1000USA

Fluorochemicals(FCs)are oxidatively recalcitrant,environmentally persistent,and resistant to most conventional treatment *** have unique physiochemical properties derived from fluorine which is the most electronegative ***(PFOS),and perfluorooctanoate(PFOA)have been detected globally in the hydrosphere,atmosphere and *** treatment technologies such as reverses osmosis,nano-filtration and activated carbon can remove FCs from ***,incineration of the concentrated waste is required for complete FC ***,a number of alternative technologies for FC decomposition have been *** FC degradation technologies span a wide range of chemical processes including direct photolysis,photocatalytic oxidation,photochemical oxidation,photochemical reduction,thermally-induced reduction,and sonochemical *** paper reviews these FC degradation technologies in terms of kinetics,mechanism,energetic cost,and *** optimal PFOS/PFOA treatment method is strongly dependent upon the FC concentration,background organic and metal concentration,and available degradation time.

关键词： fluorochemical(FC)degradation technologies perfluoroctanesulfonate(PFOS) perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) oxidation reduction photolysis thermolysis review

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Longwall automation:trends,challenges and opportunities

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International Journal of Mining Science and technology 2017年第5期27卷 733-739页

作者： Jonathon C.ralston chad O.Hargrave Mark t.Dunn Coal Mining research Program CSIRO EnergyBrisbaneAustralia

this paper explores the ongoing development and implementation of longwall automation technology to achieve greater levels of underground coal mining performance. the primary driver behind the research and development effort is to increase the safety, productivity and efficiency of longwall mining operations to enhance the underlying mining business. A brief review of major longwall automation challenges is given followed by a review of the insights and benefits associated with the LASC longwall shearer automation solution. Areas of technical challenge in sensing, decision support, autonomy and human interaction are then highlighted, with specific attention given to remote operating centres, proximity detection and systems-level architectures in order to motivate further automation system *** vision for a fully integrated coal mining ecosystem is discussed with the goal of delivering a highperformance, zero-exposure and environmentally coherent mining operations.

关键词： Safety Productivity Environment Mining automation Longwall mining remote mining Sensing

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A sugary addition to the urea cycle

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2022年第4期14卷 1-2页

作者： chad Slawson Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

In a recent publication,Wu et al.(2022)asked a simple premise:how does aging impact O-GlcNacylation in the liver?what they discovered,however,requires us to ask a more fundamental question:how does aging alter nutrientsensing pathways and the messages they communicate?In order to answer this question,we must remember that nutrient sensing is hinged on_posttranslational modifications(PtMs)and the availability of nutrients necessaryfor producing PtM *** monophosphate(AMP)-regulated protein kinase,which is sensitive to the ratio of AMP to adenosine triphosphate,and mammalian target of rapamycin,an anabolic kinase regulated by mitogen signaling and amino acid availability.

关键词： communicate premise sugar

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Muscle capacity and physical function in older women:What are the impacts of resistance training?

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2014年第3期3卷 179-188页

作者： Anne O.Brady chad r.Straight Department of Kinesiology The University of North Carolina at Greensboro Department of Kinesiology University of Georgia

the number of older adults （individuals ≥65 years）, particularly women, in our society is increasing and understanding the impact of exercise on muscle capacity （e.g., strength and power） and subsequently physical function is of utmost importance to prevent disability and maintain independence. Muscle capacity declines with age and this change negatively impacts physical function in older women. Exercise, specifically resistance training, is recommended to counteract these declines; however, the synergistic relationships between exercise, muscle capacity, and physical function are poorly understood. this review will summarize the literature regarding age-related changes in the aforementioned variables and review the research on the impact of resistance training interventions on muscle capacity and physical function in older women. recommendations for future research in this area will be discussed.

关键词： Muscle capacity Older women Physical function resistance training

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