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Distinct Global Patterns of Strong Positive and Negative Shifts of Seasons over the Last 6 Decades

Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2012年第1期2卷 76-88页

作者： Andres Schmidt Beverly E. Law chad hanson Otto Klemm 不详

Alterations of annual temperature cycles have profound implications on how the planet responds to global climate change. In this study, a high resolution global analysis of temperature cycle shifts and their development over time is presented. We show that over the last 63 years, phase shifts in the annual near surface temperature cycle exhibit large spatiotemporal variability. The calculated phase shifts comprise earlier onsets of seasons as well as delays with similar frequencies, depending on location. From 1978 to 2010 Eastern Europe experienced an advanced annual cycle of near-surface temperature of 3.2 days while Eastern Australia shows an opposite shift towards later seasons of 3.5 days in comparison to the preceding 30-year period from 1948 to 1977. The largest phase shifts of –5.5 days toward earlier seasons over land were found in Belarus and Northwest Russia. For the first time the developments of seasonal temperature shifts were generalized for large areas by using self-organizing feature map neural networks resulting into 4 significant global trends. The temperature phase shifts are also shown to have strong correlations with the timing of shrub foliation observed at 57 phenological stations across the USA. The findings have far-reaching, yet regionally distinct consequences on agriculture, animal life cycles, plant phenology, and regional weather phenomena that change with annual temperature cycles.

关键词： Climate Change Temperature Phase Shift Neural Networks Phenology Near-Surface Temperature

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Impact of community-based exercise program participation on aerobic capacity in women with and without breast cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2021年第6期12卷 468-481页

作者： Jordan T Lee chad W Wagoner Stephanie A Sullivan Dean J Amatuli Kirsten A Nyrop Erik D hanson Lee Stoner Brian C Jensen Hyman B Muss Claudio L Battaglini Department of Exercise and Sport Science University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599United States Department of Medicine Division of CardiologyUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599United States Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North CarolinaChapel HillNC 27599United States

BACKGROUND Evidence for exercise as an efficacious strategy to improve aerobic capacity of breast cancer survivors(BCS)has come largely from intervention studies conducted in laboratory *** is an increasing need to translate to community-type settings,but the efficacy of those interventions using gold standard evaluation is not *** To investigate whether similar improvement in aerobic capacity(maximal oxygen consumption[VO2])measured with gold standard testing can be achieved through a community-based setting in *** A peak cardiopulmonary exercise test(VO2peak),6-min walk test(6MWT),and timed up and go test(TUG)were assessed pre-and post-16 wk of progressive intensity aerobic and strength training exercise at a community *** The sample consisted of 31 early BCS(<1 year since treatment completion)and 15 controls(CTLs).Both groups significantly improved VO2peak(+1.2 mL/kg/min;P=0.030),6MWT(+35 meters;P<0.001),and TUG(-0.44 s;P<0.01)following *** groups improved peak cycling power during the cardiopulmonary exercise test with BCS improving by+10 watts more than the CTLs(P=0.020).Average exercise attendance was 71%(34 of 48 possible days),but compliant days averaged only 60%of total days for aerobic,and<40%for strength in both *** Community-based exercise programs can be an effective strategy to improve aerobic capacity and physical function for early-stage BCS but potentially not to the same extent observed in laboratory-based randomized controlled *** research is needed to explore barriers and facilitators of exercise engagement in community-based centers to maximize training benefits for adults with cancer.

关键词： Aerobic capacity Breast cancer Community-based Exercise Physical function

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