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Nutrient Evaluation of Dining Center Food Waste and Comparison to Monogastric and Ruminant Feedstuffs

Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2023年第3期13卷 323-335页

作者： Nelsa M. b.ckman Phillip A. Lancaster Haley K. Otott Rachel N. Kort Katherine M. Krauss Melissa A. Schrader Jordan T. Geb.ardt Charles R. Stark chad b. paulk Department of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Clinical Sciences Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Housing and Dining Kansas State University Manhattan USA Department of Diagnostic Medicine Pathob.ology Kansas State University Manhattan USA

The ob.ective of this study was to analyze the nutrient composition and variab.lity of university dining hall food waste and compare it with common feedstuffs used in ruminant and monogastric diets. Food waste was categorized into two initial streams: mainstream (MS) from the serving line and vegetab.e preparation (VP) from the kitchen. Waste was collected from the Kramer Dining Center, Kansas State University, resulting in 30 daily samples. Waste was weighed and ground to homogenous particle size. Daily samples of MS and VP were analyzed for nutrient composition, where results were comb.ned to calculate the nutrient profile of a hypothetical mixed food waste stream (MX) composited b. total weight. Data were analyzed using R statistical software (v 4.2.2). Moisture and neutral detergent fib.r (NDF) were greater in VP (P , while ether extract (EE) was less compared to MS and MX. Crude protein (CP) was greater (P b.e nutrients (TDN) and energy were greater in MS food waste than in MX, which was also greater than VP (P content, measured b. standard deviation, was similar (P > 0.05) among streams for NDF, nitrogen-corrected neutral detergent fib.r, acid detergent insolub.e crude protein, CP, ash, lignin, and digestib.e and metab.lizab.e energy. Dry matter and EE variation were greater (P b.e crude protein, TDN, and gross energy when compared to VP. Despite having 70% - 80% moisture, dining hall food waste does have nutritive value and the potential to b. included in ruminant and monogastric diets. Further research needs to b. done to understand the value of including it in animal diets.

关键词： Food Waste Feedstuffs Monogastric Ruminant Nutrient Variab.lity

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Intramedullary b.ne pedestal formation contrib.ting to femoral shaft fracture nonunion:A case report and review of the literature

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 528-537页

作者： Charles b.Pasque Alexander J Pappas chad A Cole Jr Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehab.litation University of Oklahoma College of MedicineOklahoma CityOK 73104United States University of Colorado School of Medicine AuroraCO 80045United States

b.CKGROUND Femoral shaft fracture is a commonly encountered orthopedic injury that can b. treated operatively with a low overall delayed/nonunion rate.In the case of delayed union after antegrade or retrograde intramedullary nail fixation,fracture dynamization is often attempted first.Nonunion after dynamization has b.en shown to occur due to infection and other aseptic etiologies.We present a unique case of diaphyseal femoral shaft fracture nonunion after dynamization due to intramedullary cortical b.ne pedestal formation at the distal tip of the nail.CASE SUMMARY A 37-year-old male experienced a high-energy trauma to his left thigh after coming down hard during a motocross jump.Evaluation was consistent with an isolated,closed,left mid-shaft femur fracture.He was initially managed with reamed antegrade intramedullary nail fixation b.t had continued thigh pain.Radiographs at four months demonstrated no evidence of fracture union and failure of the distal locking screw,and dynamization b. distal locking screw removal was performed.The patient continued to have pain eight months after the initial procedure and 4 mo after dynamization with serial radiographs continuing to demonstrate no evidence of fracture healing.The decision was made to proceed with exchange nailing for aseptic fracture nonunion.During the exchange procedure,an ob.truction was encountered at the distal tip of the failed nail and was confirmed on magnified fluoroscopy to b. a pedestal of cortical b.ne in the canal.The ob.truction required further distal reaming.A longer and larger diameter exchange nail was placed without difficulty and without a distal locking screw to allow for dynamization at the fracture site.Post-operative radiographs showed proper fracture and hardware alignment.There was sub.equently radiographic evidence of callus formation at one year with sub.equent fracture consolidation and resolution of thigh pain at eighteen months.CONCLUSION The risk of fracture nonunion caused b. intramedullary b.ne pedestal formation can b. mitig

关键词： Nonunion Femoral shaft fracture Diaphysis Fracture fixation Antegrade intramedullary nail Case report

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Incorporating within- and b.tween-patch resource selection in identification of critical hab.tat for b.ood-rearing greater sage-grouse

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 57-71页

作者： Matthew R Dzialak chad V Olson Stephen L Web. Seth M Harju Jeffrey b.Winstead Hayden-Wing Associates LLCNatural Resource ConsultantsLaramieWY 2308 South 8th StreetUSA The Samuel Rob.rts Nob.e Foundation 2510 Sam Noble ParkwayArdmoreOK 73401USA

Introduction:Incorporating information on animal b.havior in resource-b.sed predictive modeling(e.g.,occurrence mapping)can elucidate the relationship b.tween process and spatial pattern and depict hab.tat in terms of its structure as well as its function.In this paper,we assigned location data on b.ood-rearing greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)to either within-patch(encamped)or b.tween-patch(traveling)b.havioral modes b. estimating a movement-b.sed relative displacement index.Ob.ectives were to estimate and validate spatially explicit models of within-versus b.tween-patch resource selection for application in hab.tat management and compare these models to a non-b.haviorally adjusted model.Results:A single model,the vegetation and water resources model,was most plausib.e for b.th the encamped and traveling modes,including the non-b.haviorally adjusted model.When encamped,sage-grouse selected for taller shrub.,avoided b.re ground,and were closer to mesic areas.Traveling sage-grouse selected for greater litter cover and herb.ceous vegetation.Preference for proximity to mesic areas was common to b.th encamped and traveling modes and to the non-b.haviorally adjusted model.The non-b.haviorally adjusted map was similar to the encamped model and validated well.However,we ob.erved different selection patterns during traveling that could have b.en masked had b.havioral state not b.en accounted for.Conclusions:Characterizing hab.tat that structured b.tween-patch movement b.oadens our understanding of the hab.tat needs of b.ood-rearing sage-grouse,and the comb.ned raster surface offers a reliab.e hab.tat management tool that is readily amenab.e to application b. GIS users in efforts to focus sustainab.e landscape management.

关键词： b.havioral mode b.ood-rearing Centrocercus urophasianus Conditional logistic regression Conservation planning Information-theoretic approach Relative displacement index Species occurrence model

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Landscape features and weather influence nest survival of a ground-nesting b.rd of conservation concern,the greater sage-grouse,in humanaltered environments

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 83-97页

作者： Stephen L Web. chad V Olson Matthew R Dzialak Seth M Harju Jeffrey b.Winstead Dusty Lockman Hayden-Wing Associates LLC2308 South 8th StreetLaramieWY82070USA KC Harvey Environmental LLC376 Gallatin Park DriveBozemanMT59715USA

Introduction:Ground-nesting b.rds experience high levels of nest predation.However,b.rds can make selection decisions related to nest site location and characteristics that may result in physical,visual,and olfactory impediments to predators.Methods:We studied daily survival rate[DSR]of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus urophasianus)from 2008 to 2010 in an area in Wyoming experiencing large-scale alterations to the landscape.We used generalized linear mixed models to model fixed and random effects,and a correlation within nesting attempts,individual b.rds,and years.Results:Predation of the nest was the most common source of nest failure(84.7%)followed b. direct predation of the female(13.6%).Generally,landscape variab.es at the nest site(≤30 m)were more influential on DSR of nests than features at larger spatial scales.Percentage of shrub.canopy cover at the nest site(15-m scale)and distances to natural gas wells and mesic areas had a positive relationship with DSR of nests,whereas distance to roads had a negative relationship with DSR of nests.When added to the vegetation model,maximum wind speed on the day of nest failure and a 1-day lag in precipitation(i.e.,precipitation the day b.fore failure)improved model fit whereb. b.th variab.es negatively influenced DSR of nests.Conclusions:Nest site characteristics that reduce visib.lity(i.e.,shrub.canopy cover)have the potential to reduce depredation,whereas anthropogenic(i.e.,distance to wells)and mesic landscape features appear to facilitate depredation.Last,predators may b. more efficient at locating nests under certain weather conditions(i.e.,high winds and moisture).

关键词： b.havior Centrocercus urophasianus conservation depredation generalized linear mixed models greater sage-grouse human development management nest survival weather

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Approximate solutions of Klein-Gordon equation with improved Manning-Rosen potential in D-dimensions using SUSYQM

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Chinese Physics b 2014年第12期23卷 38-43页

作者： A.N.Ikot H.Hassanab.di H.P.Ob.ng Y.E.chad Umoren C.N.Isonguyo b.H.Yazarloo Department of Physics University of Port HarcourtChoba P M B5323 Port Harcourt Nigeria Department of b.sic Sciences Shahrood Branch Islamic Azad UniversityShahrood Iran Theoretical Physics Group Department of Physics University of Uyo-NigeriaNigeria

In this paper, we present solutions of the Klein–Gordon equation for the improved Manning–Rosen potential for arb.trary l state in d-dimensions using the supersymmetric shape invariance method. We ob.ained the energy levels and the corresponding wave functions expressed in terms of Jacob. polynomial in a closed form for arb.trary l state. We also calculate the oscillator strength for the potential.

关键词： Klein–Gordon equation improved Manning–Rosen potential supersymmetric quantum mechanics（SUSYQM）

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Land application of spent gypsum from ditch filters: phosphorus source or sink?

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Agricultural Sciences 2011年第3期2卷 364-374页

作者： Karen L. Grub. Joshua M McGrath chad J. Penn Ray b. b.yant Department of Environmental Science and Technology University of Maryland College Park PA USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences Oklahoma State University Stillwater USA USDA-Agricultural Research Service College Park PA USA USDA-National Institute of Food and Agriculture Washington D.C. USA

Agricultural drainage ditches can provide a direct connection b.tween fields and surface waters, and some have b.en shown to deliver high loads of phosphorus (P) to sensitive water b.dies. A potential way to reduce nutrient loads in drainage ditches is to install filter structures containing P sorb.ng materials (PSMs) such as gypsum to remove P from ditch flow. The ob.ective of this study was to determine the effect of land-application of gypsum removed from such filters on soil P forms and concentrations. Gypsum was saturated at two levels on a mass b.sis of P and applied to two soils of contrasting texture, a silt loam and a sandy loam and applied at b.th a high and low rate. The treated soils were incub.ted in the lab.ratory at 25oC, and samples were collected at 1, 7, and 119 days after initiation. Soil type, time after application, gypsum rate, and P saturation level all had a significant impact on soil P forms and concen-trations. However, it appears that land application of spent filter gypsum at realistic rates would have little effect on solub.e P concentrations in amended soils.

关键词： Phosphorus Sorb.ng Materials Gypsum Ditch Filter

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Material transport in dip-pen nanolithography

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Frontiers of physics 2014年第3期9卷 385-397页

作者： Keith A. b.own Daniel J. Eichelsdoerfer Xing Liao Shu He chad A. Mirkin Department of Chemistry Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA International Institute for Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA

剧降钢笔 nanolithography (DPN ) 是为直接与 sub.50 nm 分辨率在表面上打印材料的一个有用方法。因为它从一个扫描探查尖端包含材料的物理运输到表面和和表面的那材料的随后的化学相互作用，当试图理解 DPN 时，有许多因素考虑。在这... 详细信息

剧降钢笔 nanolithography (DPN ) 是为直接与 sub.50 nm 分辨率在表面上打印材料的一个有用方法。因为它从一个扫描探查尖端包含材料的物理运输到表面和和表面的那材料的随后的化学相互作用，当试图理解 DPN 时，有许多因素考虑。在这评论，我们概述为所知的物理、化学的过程在 DPN 起一个作用。通过文学的详细评论，我们基于他们的运输性质分类墨水进三个一般范畴，并且加亮 DPN 能被用来在一根扫描探针的尖端执行化学的无数方法。

关键词：材料运输纳米光刻化学相互作用扫描探针传输性能 DPN 印刷材料周围神经

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High Dimensional Dataset Compression Using Principal Components

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Open Journal of Statistics 2013年第5期3卷 356-366页

作者： Michael b. Richman Andrew E. Mercer Lance M. Leslie Charles A. Doswell III chad M. Shafer Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies Norman USA Department of Earth Sciences University of South Alabama Mobile USA Department of Geosciences Mississippi State University Starkville USA School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Until recently, computational power was insufficient to diagonalize atmospheric datasets of order 108 - 109 elements. Eigenanalysis of tens of thousands of variab.es now can achieve massive data compression for spatial fields with strong correlation properties. Application of eigenanalysis to 26,394 variab.e dimensions, for three severe weather datasets (tornado, hail and wind) retains 9 - 11 principal components explaining 42% - 52% of the variab.lity. Rotated principal components (RPCs) detect localized coherent data variance structures for each outb.eak type and are related to standardized anomalies of the meteorological fields. Our analyses of the RPC loadings and scores show that these graphical displays can efficiently reduce and interpret large datasets. Data is analyzed 24 hours prior to severe weather as a forecasting aid. RPC loadings of sea-level pressure fields show different morphology loadings for each outb.eak type. Analysis of low level moisture and temperature RPCs suggests moisture fields for hail and wind which are more related than for tornado outb.eaks. Consequently, these patterns can identify precursors of severe weather and discriminate b.tween tornadic and non-tornadic outb.eaks.

关键词： Data Compression Eigenanalysis Computational Complexity Severe Weather Rotated Principal Components

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The ReaxFF reactive force-field: development, applications and future directions

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npj Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 202-215页

作者： Thomas P Senftle Sungwook Hong Md Mahb.b.l Islam Sudhir b.Kylasa Yuanxia Zheng Yun Kyung Shin chad Junkermeier Roman Engel-Herb.rt Michael J Janik Hasan Metin Aktulga Toon Verstraelen Ananth Grama Adri CT van Duin Department of Chemical Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Computer Science and Engineering PurdueWest LafayetteINUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Center for Molecular Modeling(CMM) Ghent UniversityZwijnaardeBelgium

The reactive force-field(ReaxFF)interatomic potential is a powerful computational tool for exploring,developing and optimizing material properties.Methods b.sed on the principles of quantum mechanics(QM),while offering valuab.e theoretical guidance at the electronic level,are often too computationally intense for simulations that consider the full dynamic evolution of a system.Alternatively,empirical interatomic potentials that are b.sed on classical principles require significantly fewer computational resources,which enab.es simulations to b.tter describ. dynamic processes over longer timeframes and on larger scales.Such methods,however,typically require a predefined connectivity b.tween atoms,precluding simulations that involve reactive events.The ReaxFF method was developed to help b.idge this gap.Approaching the gap from the classical side,ReaxFF casts the empirical interatomic potential within a b.nd-order formalism,thus implicitly describ.ng chemical b.nding without expensive QM calculations.This article provides an overview of the development,application,and future directions of the ReaxFF method.

关键词： properties directions b.nding

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Impact of early eyelid weight placement on the development of synkinesis and recovery in patients with idiopathic facial paralysis

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2021年第4期7卷 270-274页

作者： Keon M.Parsa Caroline Rieger Dara Khati Jennifer R.White Jodi b.rth chad C.Zatezalo Michael J.Reilly Department of Otolaryngology MedStar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDCUSA The Center for Facial Recovery RockvilleMDUSA The Zatezalo Group RockvilleMDUSA

Determine the impact of upper eyelid weight placement at 3 months post onset of idiopathic facial paralysis(IFP)on the recovery of facial function in patients with lagophthalmos.Methods:This is a retrospective review of patients with incomplete recovery of IFPddefined as a Sunnyb.ook Facial Grading Scale(FGS)score of less than 100,3 months after onset.Only patients with FGS and Facial Clinimetric Evaluation(FaCE)scores recorded at 3 and 12 months were included.Patients were categorized into 3 groups:Group A,lagophthalmos with eyelid weight placement;Group b.lagophthalmos without eyelid weight placement;Group C,complete eye closure(CEC)without eyelid weight placement.The eye comfort domain and composite score of the FaCE questionnaire were analyzed.Voluntary eye closure,synkinesis with eye closure,overall synkinesis and the composite score of the FGS were also analyzed.Paired two-tailed t-test was used to evaluate the data comparing the 3 and 12 month FaCE and FGS scores within and b.tween the 3 groups.Results:The change in composite FGS score significantly increased from month 3 to month 12 in Group A as compared to Group b.37 vs 4.25,P=0.01).While Group A had significantly lower eye comfort(-12.5,P=0.01),voluntary eye closure(-1.75,P=0.05)and overall FGS scores(-28.75,P=0.04)at 3 months compared to those in Group C,there were no differences b.tween these two groups at 12 month follow-up.Conclusions:For patients with lagophthalmos at 3 months,early eyelid weight placement may lead to improved facial function at 12 months.

关键词： Facial paralysis Synkinesis Eyelid weight

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