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Therapeutic potential of exercise-hormone irisin in Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1555-1564页

作者： Eunhee Kim Rudolph ETanzi Se Hoon choi Genetics and Aging Research Unit MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative DiseaseDepartment of NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolCharlestownMAUSA McCance Center for Brain Health Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMAUSA

Irisin is a myokine that is generated by cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) in response to physical exercise. Studies reveal that irisin/FNDC5 has neuroprotective functions against Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia in the elderly, by improving cognitive function and reducing amyloid-β and tau pathologies as well as neuroinflammation in cell culture or animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Although current and ongoing studies on irisin/FNDC5 show promising results, further mechanistic studies are required to clarify its potential as a meaningful therapeutic target for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. We recently found that irisin treatment reduces amyloid-β pathology by increasing the activity/levels of amyloid-β-degrading enzyme neprilysin secreted from astrocytes. Herein, we present an overview of irisin/FNDC5's protective roles and mechanisms against Alzheimer's disease.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease exercise fibronectin typeⅢdomain-containing protein 5(FNDC5) irisin

Apolipoprotein A-I binding protein-mediated neuroprotection in glaucomatous neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1414-1415页

作者： Sinwoo Hwang Seunghwan choi Soo-Ho choi Keun-Young Kim Yury I.Miller Won-Kyu Ju Hamilton Glaucoma Center and Shiley Eye Institute The Viterbi Family Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Medicine University of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA

Glaucoma is a multifactorial eye disorder that can cause vision loss and irreversible blindness,affecting individ uals aged 40 to 80 yea rs *** to the aging population,it is expected that the number of people affected by glaucoma will surpass 111 million by 2040 as the disease becomes more *** primarily contributes to optic nerve axon loss and the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),subsequently leading to vision impairment.

关键词： irreversible pass primarily

Acute and chronic excitotoxicity in ischemic stroke and late-onset Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1981-1988页

作者： Shan Ping Yu Emily choi Michael QJiang ling Wei Department of Anesthesiology Emory University School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical CenterDecaturGAUSA

Stroke and Alzheimer's disease are common neurological disorders and often occur in the same *** comorbidity of the two neurological disorders represents a grave health threat to older *** review presents a brief background of the development of novel concepts and their clinical *** activity of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca^(2+)influx is critical for neuronal *** ischemic insult induces prompt and excessive glutamate release and drastic increases of intracellular Ca^(2+)mainly via N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,particularly of those at the extrasynaptic *** Ca^(2+)-evoked neuronal cell death in the ischemic core is dominated by necrosis within a few hours and days known as acute ***,mild but sustained Ca^(2+)increases under neurodegenerative conditions such as in the distant penumbra of the ischemic brain and early stages of Alzheimer's disease are not immediately toxic,but gradually set off deteriorating Ca^(2+)-dependent signals and neuronal cell loss mostly because of activation of programmed cell death *** on the Ca^(2+)hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease and recent advances,this Ca^(2+)-activated“silent”degenerative excitotoxicity evolves from years to decades and is recognized as a unique slow and chronic *** N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit GluN3A,primarily at the extrasynaptic site,serves as a gatekeeper for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activity and is neuroprotective against both acute and chronic *** stroke and Alzheimer's disease,therefore,share an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-and Ca^(2+)-mediated mechanism,although with much different time *** is thus proposed that early interventions to control Ca^(2+)homeostasis at the preclinical stage are pivotal for individuals who are susceptible to sporadic late-onset Alzheimer's disease and Alzheimer's disease-related

关键词： Ca^(2+)hypothesis cognitive deficits hyperactivity late-onset Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunits pathogenesis preventive treatment

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 107-115页

作者： Hanki Kim Bum Jun Kim Seungyon Koh Hyo Jin Cho Xuelian Jin Byung Gon Kim Jun Young choi Department of Brain Science Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Neurology Ajou University School of MedicineSuwonSouth Korea Department of Geriatrics The Affiliated Suqian First People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversitySuqianJiangsu ProvinceChina

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and ***-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain *** drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system *** it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system *** this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory *** targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

关键词： central nervous system damage-associated molecular pattern ethyl pyruvate glycyrhizzin high mobility group box 1 inflammation neural stem cells neurodevelopment oligodendrocyte progenitor cells redox status regeneration

Multi-objective optimization of the cathode catalyst layer micro-composition of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using a multi-scale,two-phase fuel cell model and data-driven surrogates

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 28-41,I0003页

作者： Neil Vaz Jaeyoo choi Yohan cha Jihoon Kong Yooseong Park Hyunchul Ju Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-ro Michuhol-GuIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered a promising alternative to internal combustion engines in the automotive *** commercialization is mainly hindered due to the cost and effectiveness of using platinum(Pt)in *** cathode catalyst layer(Cl)is considered a core component in PEMFCs,and its composition often considerably affects the cell performance(V_(cell))also PEMFC fabrication and production(C_(stack))*** this study,a data-driven multi-objective optimization analysis is conducted to effectively evaluate the effects of various cathode Cl compositions on Vcelland *** essential cathode Cl parameters,i.e.,platinum loading(l_(Pt)),weight ratio of ionomer to carbon(wt_(I/C)),weight ratio of Pt to carbon(wt_(Pt/c)),and porosity of cathode Cl(ε_(cCl)),are considered as the design *** simulation results of a three-dimensional,multi-scale,two-phase comprehensive PEMFC model are used to train and test two famous surrogates:multi-layer perceptron(MlP)and response surface analysis(RSA).Their accuracies are verified using root mean square error and adjusted R^(2).MlP which outperforms RSA in terms of prediction capability is then linked to a multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ.Compared to a typical PEMFC stack,the results of the optimal study show that the single-cell voltage,Vcellis improved by 28 m V for the same stack price and the stack cost evaluated through the U.S department of energy cost model is reduced by$5.86/k W for the same stack performance.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Surrogate modeling Multi-layer perceptron(MlP) Response surface analysis(RSA) Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGAⅡ)

Strategies to overcome resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第29期20卷 9862-9871页

作者： Woo-Jeong Jeong Pu-Hyeon cha Kang-Yell choi Translational Research Center for Protein Function Control Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life Science and BiotechnologyYonsei University

Administration of monoclonal antibodies(mAbs)against epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)such as cetuximab and panitumumab in combination with conventional chemotherapy substantially prolongs survival of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).However,the efficacy of these mAbs is limited due to genetic variation among patients,in particular K-ras *** discovery of K-ras mutation as a predictor of non-responsiveness to EGFR mAb therapy has caused a major change in the treatment of *** that inhibit transformation caused by oncogenic alterations of Ras and its downstream components such as BRAF,MEK and AKT seem to be promising cancer therapeutics as single agents or when given with EGFR *** multiple therapeutic strategies to overcome EGFR mAb-resistance are under investigation,our understanding of their mode of action is *** drug development based on stringent preclinical data,biomarker validation,and proper selection of patients is of paramount importance in the treatment of *** this review,we will discuss diverse approaches to overcome the problem of resistance to existing anti-EGFR therapies and potential future directions for cancer therapies related to the mutational status of genes associated with EGFRRas-ERK and PI3K signalings.

关键词： Colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor Resistance K-ras mutation Combinational therapy

海产养殖水体中复杂组分致光催化剂杀菌失活的机理研究

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生态环境学报 2025年

作者：王艺霓蔡仪威孙彤李桂英 Wonyong choi 安太成广东工业大学环境科学与工程学院广东工业大学环境健康与污染控制研究院环境催化与健康风险控制重点实验室和粤港澳污染物暴露与健康联合实验室

光催化技术在养殖水体净化方面具有很好的应用前景。然而，海水水产养殖水体组分复杂，造成光催化剂失活的机理鲜有研究。以典型近海养殖水体为研究对象，重点探讨以腐殖酸为典型天然有机物（NOM）组分，以细菌和真菌作为主要微生物，... 详细信息

光催化技术在养殖水体净化方面具有很好的应用前景。然而，海水水产养殖水体组分复杂，造成光催化剂失活的机理鲜有研究。以典型近海养殖水体为研究对象，重点探讨以腐殖酸为典型天然有机物（NOM）组分，以细菌和真菌作为主要微生物，对光催化剂TiO2纳米管杀菌失活的影响机制进行研究。发现在汕头海水养殖水体中，0-8 h细菌(k=0.23 h-1)和真菌(k=0.32 h-1)具有较高的杀菌效率，在8-24 h阶段细菌杀菌效率(k=0.03 h-1)开始下降，在湛江海水养殖水体中也观察到同样的趋势；在珠海海水养殖水体中，前0-8 h对细菌(k=0.14 h-1)有较高的杀灭效率，在0-6 h内对真菌也具备较高的杀灭效率(k=0.24 h-1)，细菌和真菌分别在8 h和6 h时杀菌效率变化明显。并且3个地点的水样分别在杀菌48、48、8 h后菌体数量呈现增长的现象，这可能与菌体的VBNC状态有关。同时，通过微生物多样性测定发现在海水养殖水体中假单胞菌为优势菌种；衣原体，支原体和军团菌3种细菌菌属在杀灭过程中细菌的占比减少程度最大。通过使用稳态瞬态荧光光谱仪结合PARAFAC和荧光区域积分法（FRI）得到3个不同地区水体样品的腐殖酸的降解程度均在40%以上；最后通过ATR-FTIR、SEM-EDS等实验表征，验证了在杀菌过程中，腐殖酸中间产物以及菌体破裂泄漏的生物分子附着在TiO2纳米管表面并堵塞部分微孔，堵塞了催化剂表面的活性位点，致使光催化剂加速失活。对光催化技术应用于环境复杂水体处理中的失活现象和机理进行研究，可填补此领域的空白。

关键词：光催化剂失活 TiO 催化剂海水养殖水体微生物灭活腐殖质

Comparison of the Bright Band characteristics Measured by Micro Rain Radar (MRR) at a Mountain and a Coastal Site in South Korea

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2009年第2期26卷 211-221页

作者： Joo-Wan cha Ki-Ho chaNG Seong Soo YUM Young-Jean choi Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Global Environment System Research laboratory NIMR/KMA

Data from a long term measurement of Micro Rain Radar （MRR） at a mountain site （Daegwallyeong, DG, one year period of 2005） and a coastal site （Haenam, HN, three years 2004-2006） in South Korea were analyzed to compare the MRR measured bright band characteristics of stratiform precipitation at the two sites. On average, the bright band was somewhat thicker and the sharpness （average gradient of reflectivity above and below the reflectivity peak） was slightly weaker at DG, compared to those values at HN. The peak reflectivity itself was twice as strong and the relative location of the peak reflectivity within the bright band was higher at HN than at DG. Importantly, the variability of these values was much larger at HN than at DG. The key parameter to cause these differences is suggested to be the difference of the snow particle densities at the two sites, which is related to the degree of riming. Therefore, it is speculated that the cloud microphysical processes at HN may have varied significantly from un-rimed snow growth, producing low density snow particles, to the riming of higher density particles, while snow particle growth at DG was more consistently affected by the riming process, and therefore high density snow particles. Forced uplifting of cloudy air over the mountain area around DG might have resulted in an orographic supercooling effect that led to the enhanced riming of supercooled cloud drops.

关键词： Micro Rain Radar bright band thickness and sharpness cloud microphysical processes local characteristics

Engineering electrode interfaces for telecom-band photodetection in MoS_(2)/Au heterostructures via sub-band light absorption

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light(Science & Applications) 2023年第12期12卷 2677-2687页

作者： Chengyun Hong Saejin Oh Vu Khac Dat Sangyeon Pak SeungNam cha Kyung-Hun Ko Gyung-Min choi Tony low Sang-Hyun Oh Ji-Hee Kim Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Center for Integrated Nanostructure Physics(CinaP) Institute for Basic Science(IBS)Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Hongik UniversitySeoul 04066Republic of Korea Department of Physics Sungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon 16419Republic of Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Department of Physics Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea

Transition metal dichalcogenide(TMD)layered semiconductors possess immense potential in the design of photonic,electronic,optoelectronic,and sensor ***,the sub-bandgap light absorption of TMD in the range from near-infrared(NIR)to short-wavelength infrared(SWIR)is insufficient for applications beyond the bandgap ***,we report that the sub-bandgap photoresponse of MoS_(2)/Au heterostructures can be robustly modulated by the electrode fabrication method *** observed up to 60%sub-bandgap absorption in the MoS_(2)/Au heterostructure,which includes the hybridized interface,where the Au layer was applied via sputter *** greatly enhanced absorption of sub-bandgap light is due to the planar cavity formed by MoS_(2) and Au;as such,the absorption spectrum can be tuned by altering the thickness of the MoS_(2) *** in the SWIR wavelength range increases due to increased absorption,which means that broad wavelength detection from visible toward SWIR is *** also achieved rapid photoresponse(~150μs)and high responsivity(17 mA W^(-1))at an excitation wavelength of *** findings demonstrate a facile method for optical property modulation using metal electrode engineering and for realizing SWIR photodetection in wide-bandgap 2D materials.

关键词： MoS_(2) absorption electrode