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Effects of initial and Boundary Conditions on Heavy Rainfall Simulation over the Yellow Sea and the Korean Peninsula:Comparison of ECMWF and NCEP Analysis Data Effects and Verification with Dropsonde Observation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第9期41卷 1787-1803页

作者： Jiwon HWANG Dong-Hyun cha Donghyuck YOON Tae-Young GOO Sueng-Pil JUNG Department of Civil Urban Earth and Environmental Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and TechnologyUlsan 44919South Korea Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA National institute of Meteorological Sciences NIMSJeju 63568South Korea

This study evaluated the simulation performance of mesoscale convective system(MCS)-induced precipitation,focusing on three selected cases that originated from the Yellow Sea and propagated toward the Korean *** evaluation was conducted for the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)and National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)analysis data,as well as the simulation result using them as initial and lateral boundary conditions for the Weather Research and Forecasting ***,temperature and humidity profiles from 3D dropsonde observations from the National Center for Meteorological Science of the Korea Meteorological Administration served as validation *** showed that the ECMWF analysis consistently had smaller errors compared to the NCEP analysis,which exhibited a cold and dry bias in the lower levels below 850 *** model,in terms of the precipitation simulations,particularly for high-intensity precipitation over the Yellow Sea,demonstrated higher accuracy when applying ECMWF analysis data as the initial *** advantage also positively influenced the simulation of rainfall events on the Korean Peninsula by reasonably inducing convective-favorable thermodynamic features(i.e.,warm and humid lower-level atmosphere)over the Yellow *** conclusion,this study provides specific information about two global analysis datasets and their impacts on MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation by employing dropsonde observation ***,it suggests the need to enhance the initial field for MCS-induced heavy rainfall simulation and the applicability of assimilating dropsonde data for this purpose in the future.

关键词： initial conditions dropsonde heavy rainfall forecast global model analysis evaluation

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Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 363-368页

作者： Jun-Seo Go Hae-Ni Kim Sue-Jeong Jin Myeong-chan cha Heesoo Lee Jin-Won Lee Korea institute of Ornithology&Department of Biology Kyung Hee University02447SeoulRepublic of Korea Bird Research SaeZiP 12504YangpyeongRepublic of Korea

Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during *** developed patch has several characteristics,including de-feathering,vascularization,and ***,little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding *** this study,we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood *** also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium(sternal apterium and abdominal apterium)and how it changed during the breeding *** found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season,indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this *** also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body *** addition,Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the *** conclusion,Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches,except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral *** studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.

关键词： Brood parasitism Brood patch Common Cuckoo Pterylosis Re-feathering Ventral apterium

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interfacial engineering through lead binding using crown ethers in perovskite solar cells

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 263-270页

作者： Sun-Ju Kim YeonJu Kim Ramesh Kumar Chitumalla Gayoung Ham Thanh-Danh Nguyen Joonkyung Jang Hyojung cha Jovana Milić Jun-Ho Yum Kevin Sivula Ji-Youn Seo Department of Nano Fusion Technology Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Optoelectronic Nanomaterials Institute of Chemical Sciences and EngineeringÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne(EPFL)1015 LausanneSwitzerland Department of Energy Convergence and Climate change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Adolphe Merkle institute University of FribourgCH-1700 FribourgSwitzerland

in the domain of perovskite solar cells(PSCs),the imperative to reconcile impressive photovoltaic performance with lead-related issue and environmental stability has driven innovative *** study pioneers an approach that not only rectifies lead leakage but also places paramount importance on the attainment of rigorous interfacial *** ethers,notably benzo-18-crown-6-ether(B18C6),were strategically integrated at the perovskite-hole transport material *** ethers exhibit a dual role:efficiently sequestering and immobilizing Pb^(2+)ions through host-guest complexation and simultaneously establishing a robust interfacial passivation *** crown ether candidates,guided by density functional theory(DFT)calculations,demonstrated proficiency in binding Pb2+ions and optimizing interfacial *** devices incorporating these materials achieved exceptional power conversion efficiency(PCE),notably 21.7%for B18C6,underscoring their efficacy in lead binding and interfacial *** techniques,including time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SiMS),ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS),time-resolved photoluminescence(TRPL),and transient absorption spectroscopy(TAS),unequivocally affirmed Pb^(2+)ion capture and suppression of non-radiative ***,these PSCs maintained efficiency even after enduring 300 h of exposure to 85%relative *** research underscores the transformative potential of crown ethers,simultaneously addressing lead binding and stringent interfacial passivation for sustainable PSCs poised to commercialize and advance renewable energy applications.

关键词： Perovskite solar cells interfacial passivation Crown ether materials Stability

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丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠和布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗联合治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期的临床研究

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中国中西医结合急救杂志 2024年第1期31卷 41-45页

作者：宣瑞萍查日田芜湖市第一人民医院呼吸内科安徽芜湖241000

目的观察在布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗基础上加用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的临床疗效。方法选择芜湖市第一人民医院2021年9月至2023年9月收治的112例AECOPD患者作为研究对象。按病情严重程度将患者分为... 详细信息

目的观察在布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗基础上加用丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)患者的临床疗效。方法选择芜湖市第一人民医院2021年9月至2023年9月收治的112例AECOPD患者作为研究对象。按病情严重程度将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组56例。对照组给予布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗雾化吸入治疗,研究组给予布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗雾化吸入联合丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠治疗。治疗10d后,比较两组肺功能、血气指标和血液学指标的差异,并观察不良反应发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,两组治疗后第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽(CSH)均明显升高[对照组:FEV1(L)为59.76±11.43比53.71±5.62,FVC(L)为63.54±6.19比55.28±7.51,FEV1/FVC为(59.48±8.15)%比(53.96±8.43)%,PaO_(2)(mmHg,1mmHg~0.133kPa)为76.93±4.58比68.95±4.96,S0D(kU/L)为83.19±6.58比70.41±5.57,CSH(mg/L)为242.89±21.78比218.31±46.52;研究组:FEV1(L)为65.83±10.35比52.49±5.41,FVC(L)为69.41±10.73比53.31±8.36,FEV1/FVC为(67.62±7.35)%比(52.71±7.33)%,PaO(mmHg)为83.21±5.34比70.32±5.31,S0D(kU/L)为90.32±7.14比71.63±5.94,GSH(mg/L)为264.33±26.14比213.67±41.36],动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、白细胞介素(iL-1β、iL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)均明显降低[对照组:PaCO_(2)(mmHg)为53.56±5.14比59.16±5.59,iL-1β(ng/L)为6.43±1.71比8.53±3.89,iL-6(ng/L)为18.64±2.13比25.31±4.19,TNF-α(ng/L)为81.72±10.79比102.58±14.31;研究组:PaCO_(2)(mmHg)为47.13±5.42比61.37±6.08,iL-1β(ng/L)为5.16±1.37比9.01±4.13,iL-6(ng/L)为10.52±2.43比25.84±4.27,TNF-α(ng/L)为61.35±12.81比104.35±16.51],差异均有统计学意义(均PiL-1β、iL-6、TNF-α、SOD、GSH的差值△FEV1、△FVC、△FEV1/FVC、△PaO_(2)、△PaCO_(2)、△iL-1β、△iL-6、△TNF-α、△SOD、△GSH均明显高于对照组[△FEV1(L):13.85±4.52比6.13±2.31,△FVC(L):15.83±2.74比8.32±2.46,△FEV1/FVC:(14.65±1.95)%比(5.47±1.39)%,△PaO_(2)(mmHg):13.14±2.81比8.12±2.37,△PaCO_(2)(mmHg):13.68±2.75比4.84±2.53,△iL-1β(ng/L):4.33±1.06比2.02±0.56,△iL-6(ng/L):15.31±2.07比7.53±2.45,△TNF-α(ng/L):37.92±8.3比22.51±8.73,△SOD(kU/L):18.52±3.36比14.13±3.27,CSH(mg/L):41.59±8.61比28.75±7.34均P0.05]。结论丹参酮iⅡiA磺酸钠联合布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗治疗AECOPD,有助于抑制呼吸道炎症反应,改善肺功能及血气指标,安全性良好。

关键词：慢性阻塞肺疾病急性加重期布地奈德格隆溴铵福莫特罗丹参酮ⅡA磺酸钠炎症细胞因子

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Serum lipid profiles are associated with semen quality

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2017年第6期19卷 633-638页

作者： Chin-Yu Liu Yu-Ching Chou Shyh-Hsiang Lin Sheng-Tang Wu Tai-Lung cha Hong-i Chen Chih-Wei Tsao Department of Nutritional Science Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City Taiwan China School of Public Health National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan China School of Nutrition and Health Sciences College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan China Division of Urology Department of Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan China Graduate institute of Medical Sciences Chang Jung Christian University Tainan Taiwan China

We aimed to explore the associations between different lipid profiles and semen quality in a large-scale general male population. Sperm concentration, total sperm motility, progressive motility, and normal sperm morphology of total 7601 participants were recorded. The association of these semen parameters with the triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein of serum lipid profiles was analyzed. Sperm concentration was statistically positively correlated with triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein （adjusted P= 0.001 and P= 0.005, respectively）. Total sperm motility and progressive motility were statistically increased with increasing low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol levels （both adjusted P = 0.008 and P 〈 0.001, respectively）. The similar J-shaped associations （high-low-low-high） were noted between individual lipid profile and normal sperm morphology, especially low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol with statistical significance （adjusted P = 0.017 and P= 0.021, respectively）. The prevalence of abnormal total sperm motility and progressive motility was decreased in participants with high levels of cholesterol （P = 0.008 and P = 0.019, respectively）, and the reverse J-shaped associations （low-high-high-low） were noted between high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, very low-density lipoprotein, and the prevalence of abnormal normal sperm morphology （P = 0.010, P = 0.037, and P = 0.025, respectively）. A high cholesterol level was associated with better sperm motility. Similar J-shaped associations were noted between all lipid profiles and normal sperm morphology; meanwhile, the reverse J-shaped trends were identified between them and abnormal normal sperm morphology prevalence.

关键词： cholesterol general population lipoprotein semen quality triglyceride

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Evaluation of reanalysis surface wind products with quality-assured buoy wind measurements along the north coast of the South China Sea

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第3期40卷 58-69页

作者： Jing cha Xinyu Lin Xiaogang Guo Xiaofang Wan Dawei You Third institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China South China Sea Branch Ministry of Natural ResourcesGuangzhou 510000China

Three archived reanalysis wind vectors at 10 m height in the wind speed range of 2-15 m/s,namely,the second version of the National Centres for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSv2),European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting interim Reanalysis(ERA-i)and NCEPDepartment of Energy(DOE)Reanalysis 2(NCEP-2)products,are evaluated by a comparison with the winds measured by moored buoys in coastal regions of the South China Sea(SCS).The buoy data are first quality controlled by extensive techniques that help eliminate degraded *** evaluation results reveal that the CFSv2 wind vectors are most consistent with the buoy winds(with average biases of 0.01 m/s and 1.76°).The ERA-i winds significantly underestimate the buoy wind speed(with an average bias of-1.57 m/s),while the statistical errors in the NCEP-2 wind direction have the largest *** diagnosis of the reanalysis wind errors shows the residuals of all three reanalysis wind speeds(reanalysis-buoy)decrease with increasing buoy wind speed,suggesting a narrower wind speed range than that of the ***,wind direction errors are examined to depend on the magnitude of the wind speed and the wind speed *** general,the evaluation of three reanalysis wind products demonstrates that CFSv2 wind vectors are the closest to the winds along the north coast of the SCS and are sufficiently accurate to be used in numerical models.

关键词： evaluation quality control buoy wind coastal regions of the South China Sea

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Multi-objective optimization of the cathode catalyst layer micro-composition of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells using a multi-scale,two-phase fuel cell model and data-driven surrogates

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第6期81卷 28-41,I0003页

作者： Neil Vaz Jaeyoo Choi Yohan cha Jihoon Kong Yooseong Park Hyunchul Ju Department of Mechanical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-ro Michuhol-GuIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)are considered a promising alternative to internal combustion engines in the automotive *** commercialization is mainly hindered due to the cost and effectiveness of using platinum(Pt)in *** cathode catalyst layer(CL)is considered a core component in PEMFCs,and its composition often considerably affects the cell performance(V_(cell))also PEMFC fabrication and production(C_(stack))*** this study,a data-driven multi-objective optimization analysis is conducted to effectively evaluate the effects of various cathode CL compositions on Vcelland *** essential cathode CL parameters,i.e.,platinum loading(L_(Pt)),weight ratio of ionomer to carbon(wt_(i/C)),weight ratio of Pt to carbon(wt_(Pt/c)),and porosity of cathode CL(ε_(cCL)),are considered as the design *** simulation results of a three-dimensional,multi-scale,two-phase comprehensive PEMFC model are used to train and test two famous surrogates:multi-layer perceptron(MLP)and response surface analysis(RSA).Their accuracies are verified using root mean square error and adjusted R^(2).MLP which outperforms RSA in terms of prediction capability is then linked to a multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ.Compared to a typical PEMFC stack,the results of the optimal study show that the single-cell voltage,Vcellis improved by 28 m V for the same stack price and the stack cost evaluated through the U.S department of energy cost model is reduced by$5.86/k W for the same stack performance.

关键词： Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell Surrogate modeling Multi-layer perceptron(MLP) Response surface analysis(RSA) Non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ(NSGAⅡ)

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A Regional Economy's Resistance to the COViD-19 Shock: Sales Revenues of Micro-, Small-, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in South Korea

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第2期13卷 190-198页

作者： Seong-Jin Lee Joong-Hoo Park Seung-Min cha Donghyun Kim Department of Public Policy and Management.Pusan National University Busan 46241South Korea Department of Urban Planning and Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241South Korea

The coronavirus disease 2019(COViD-19) is a global pandemic that has heavily impacted not only the health sector, but also the economic sector in *** countries have projected a negative economic impact, and the effect on micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs) is predicted to be significantly *** study estimated the regional resistance of MSME sales revenues and identified the regional economic factors that affect resistance by analyzing South Korea, a country with one of the lowest economic impact projections from COViD-19. Resistance was estimated by comparing sales revenues and changes in resistance observed during the early COViD-19 period to those recorded in the same weeks(weeks 6 to 9) of 2019. The factors that affect regional resistance were determined by conducting robust regression and spatial regression analyses. The results show that the number of confirmed COViD-19 cases, a direct risk factor, is negatively related to regional resilience, while diversity is positively related to regional resistance. To improve the regional resistance against uncertain events, this study recommends increased diversity among regional industrial structures to reduce the duration of the early shock of an unexpected adverse event.

关键词： COViD-19 Economic resistance MSMEs South Korea

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Virtual Australia:its key elementsknow,think,communicate

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international Journal of Digital Earth 2008年第1期1卷 66-87,I0005页

作者： B.Thompson T.O.cha R.Slee P.Kinne A.Jahshan P.Woodgate i.Bishop D.McKenzie Spatial information infrastructure Department of Sustainability and EnvironmentLevel 13Marland House570 Bourke StreetMelbourne Victoria 3000Australia Oracle Fusion Middleware Sales Oracle Corporation Asia Pacific4 Julius AvenueNorth Ryde NSW 2113Australia Open Spatial Technologies Pty Ltd 433 Logan RoadStones Corner QLD 4120Australia Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Spatial information 723 Swanston StreetUniversity of MelbourneVictoria 3010Australia Department of Geomatics The University of Melbourne VictoriaAustralia

Virtual Australia is not a well-defined or agreed *** discussion paper conceptualises Virtual Australia as a‘virtual[digital]model containing and representing all non-trivial objects and their contextual environmentfrom blue sky to bedrockin real world Australia’.it describes a scenario for Virtual Australia,one or two decades from now,in which the locations and conditions of non-trivial objects and their environment are updated automatically through a combination of remote sensing and wireless communication technologies in support of a‘Supranet’.it then examines the concept of the‘Supranet’a pervasive information network based largely on wireless technology linking the physical world to a virtual model in real timeand develops and discusses three principal characteristics of the Supranet:the ability to have or collect specific information(know);the ability to process information(think);and the ability to communicate that ***,in the near future,any or all non-trivial devices are to some extent able to know,think and communicate,the potential for object autonomy will be realised.

关键词： virtual spatial supranet digital information sensors motes innovation Australia

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iNF-γ and iL-2 Profile as Therapeutic Markers in Tuberculosis Patients at the Jamot Hospital of Yaounde-Cameroon

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 119-128页

作者： Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi Jacky Njiki-Bikoï Esther Del-Florence Moni Ndedi Donatien Serge Mbaga Elsa Nguiffo Makue André Chris Mikangue Mbongue Koko-Ta Ladiff Sharonne Martha Mesembe Justin Olivier Essindi Aïcha Ngoutane Arnaud Franck Elang Sabine Aimée Touangnou-chamda George ikomey Mondinde Eric Walter Perfura-Yone Marie Joseph Nkodo Mindimi Sara Honorine Riwom Essama Department of Microbiology The University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD) Yaound Cameroon The institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences The University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon The Pneumology Department Jamot Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. in recent years, interferon-γ (iNF-γ) release assays (iGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing TB infection. However, produced iNF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active ATB from latent TB infection (LTBi), especially in TB epidemic areas. in addition to iFN-γ, interleukin-2 (iL-2), secreted by activated T cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. The aim of our study was to determine iFN-γ and iL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. iNF-γ and iL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELiSA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: The results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant TB groups. The mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% Ci = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. The iL-2 and iNF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in ATB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and iL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of iNF-γ and iL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.

关键词： Tuberculosis Antituberculosis Treatment iNF-γ iL-2 ELiSA

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